A Historical Map of Jewish Liturgical Diversity
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Babylonian Yeshivot
Palestinian Yeshivot
Amram ben Sheshna Gaon (d. 875CE)
Saadiah Gaon (d. 942CE)
Tractate Sopherim
Egyptian Rite (Cairo Geniza)
Maimonides (Seder Tefillot)
ca. 1180CE
Seder Ḥibbur Berakhot
Iberian Peninsula (Sepharad)
Yemen (Teman)
Byzantine (Romaniote)
Italian (Roma)
Rhineland
(Ashkenaz)
ARI
(d. 1572)
Conservative
Siddur Sim Shalom
Karaite
Reconstructionist Kol Haneshama
Poland (Polin)
Germany (Germania)
A Historical Map of Jewish Liturgical Influence and Variation
© 2015 Aharon Varady for the Open Siddur Project
Shared with a Creative Content Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Persia (Farsi)
Bucharia/Dagestan
N. Italy (Appam)
France (Provençal)
Edot Hamizraḥ
v 0.3.5.3
Berditchev
Siddur Tefilah Yeshorah
ḤaBaD Siddur Torah Ohr
Artscroll Ashkenaz
Ben Ish Chai
Crimean Karaites/ Abraham Firkovich
Reform Union
Hamburg/Liberal
Baladi
Shami
Yair Shaki’s Nusaḥ
Eretz Yisroel
Cochin, India
Ethiopian
Beta Israel (Ḥabashim)
Modern Karaites
Modern Samaritan
?
Lisbon, Portugal
Castile
?
Catalonia
Seligman Baer
Seder Avodat Yisroel (1868)
Aleppo, Syria (Aram Tsoba, 1527)
?
Qumran
(Essenes)
Samaritan
First Temple Era Jerusalemite Priestly and Prophetic Traditions
Rabbinic Tradition
Geonic Eretz Yisroel Halakhic Texts
Pre-Maccabaean Second Temple Era Priestly and Prophetic Traditions
Daniel, Ezra, Nechemia, Ben-Sira
Psalms, Samuel, Song of Songs
England
(Anglia)
Sadducaic
?
Indirect Dependence
Minor Influence
Direct Dependence
Unknown Influence
586 BCE – 72 CE
72 CE – 500 CE
600 CE – 1000 CE
1000CE – 1492 CE
1492 – 1666 CE
1666 – 1870 CE
1870 - Present
Negative Influence
LEGEND
Aharon the Elder
Abba Sabra and Sagga Amlak (Judaized Ethiopian Orthodox monasticism)
Post-Maccabaean Priestly Traditions
RaShaSh
Siddur Edut beYehosef
Agau
(Agaw)
Prayers
Alexandrian Thereputae
?
Ancient N. African Judaic Influence
?
Outlined boxes follow after Joseph Heinemann’s map of Jewish Liturgical Rites in Akadamon choveret, T'filot Yisra'el v'toldotehen: Leqet m'korot (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1966).
Judaizing
Ethiopian Christianity
Elephantine Temple
Leontopolis Temple
?
Koren-Sacks
Wolf Heidenheim (ca. 1800)
Lemba
?
RaMaK
(d. 1570)
?
1000 BCE – 586 BCE
Kai Feng, China
Pharisaic
Masoretic Tradition
?
Judean/Samaritan Priestly Traditions
Hebraic Cultic Traditions
Eretz Yisroel Piyyutim
Syrian Sepharadim
Artscroll “Sfard”
?
Yannai, etc.
?
Shir shel Yam Shir shel Devora
De Sola Pool
Livorno, Italy
HaGRA
(d.1797)
Seder Tkhines
Frankfurt Am Main
British Chief Rabbis
Fanny Schmiedl-Neuda
R’ Arnaud Aron
Isaiah Horowitz (d. 1630)
?
?
Meir ibn Gabbai (d. after 1540)
Animistic, Neoplatonic, and Magical Traditions
Post-Exilic Angeloligical, Demonical, and Gnostic Traditions
Post-2nd Temple Synagogal Traditions
Greek Synagogal Texts
Midrashic Hermeneutics
?
?
Ḥassidei Ashkenaz
Kabbalists (Acre/Gerona School)