“Gebet wenn man auf den Begräbnißplatz kommt” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1835 edition as teḥinah №96 on p. 193. . . .

“Vor dem Etrog-Segen” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №47 on pp. 67-68. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №49 pp. 85-86. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №51 on p. 90. . . .

“Am siebenten Tage des Laubhüttenfestes. (Hoschana Raba)” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №50 on pp. 72-73. In the 1835 edition, it appears (misnumbered) as teḥinah №51 pp. 90-91. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №54 on pp. 95-96. . . .

“Der Arme” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №77 on pp. 117-119. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №78 on pp. 141-144. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №81 on pp. 146-149. . . .

“Wenn eine Frau den stiel vom Esrog ausbeißt” was written by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. In the original 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion, it appears as teḥinah №51, on pp. 73-74. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №52, on pp. 91-92. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №55, on pp. 96-97. . . .

“[Fürbitte für die Verstorbenen (no.3)]” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №38 on pp. 47-49. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №37 on pp. 58-60. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №39 on pp. 61-63. . . .

“Fürbitte für die Verstorbenen [no.2]” was included by Yehoshua Heshil Miro in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №38 on pp. 47-49. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №36 on pp. 56-58. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №38 on pp. 59-61. In a note to “Gebet am Tage der Gedächtnißfeier verstorbener Eltern, an deren Grabe zu sprechen” published in the 1835 edition, Miro records that Isaak Plessner sent this prayer to him, and from this we infer that its authorship may also be attributed to him. . . .

“[Fürbitte für die Verstorbenen] (Unsterblichkeit)” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №39 on pp. 50-51. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №38 on pp. 60-62. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №40 on pp. 63-65. . . .

“Gebet einer Mutter, wenn ihr Sohn durch die Beschneidung in den Bund der Israeliten aufgenommen wird” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №59 on pp. 85-86. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №61 on pp. 108-109. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №64 on pp. 113-114. . . .

“Gebet eines Menschen der sich durch den Handel nährt” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №63 on pp. 90-91. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №65 on pp. 113-114. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №68 on pp. 118-119. The prayer is thematically closely related to the Birkat haMazon. . . .

“Am Versöhnungstag zu מנחה (über die Geschichte von Jona)” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №45 on pp. 61-64. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №46 pp. 76-78. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №48 on pp. 79-81. . . .

“Gebet einer Stiefmutter” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №82 on pp. 129-131. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №82 on pp. 151-154. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №85 on pp. 156-159. . . .

“[Für den ersten Tag des Laubhüttenfestes (no.2]” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №49 on pp. 70-72. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №51 pp. 88-90. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №53 on pp. 93-95. . . .

“Vor Neïla (Schlußgebet)” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №46 on pp. 64-67. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №47 pp. 79-82. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №49 on pp. 82-85. . . .

“Andachtsübung einer Braut an ihrem Hochzeitstage” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №80 on pp. 124-127. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №79 on pp. 144-147. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №82 on pp. 149-152. . . .

“Am Todestage des Gedaljahu. Zom Gedalja.” was written by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. In the original 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion, it appears as teḥinah №41, on pp. 52-53. In the 1835 and 1842 editions, it appears as teḥinah №40, on pp. 63-64. . . .

“Gebete einer Frau wenn ihr Kind zur Beschneidung getragen wird” was translated/adapted by Mayer Wolf and published in his anthology of teḥinot, תְּחִנּוֹת בְּנוֹת יְשֻׁרוּן Gebethbuch für gebildete israelitisch Frauenzimmer (1828) on pp. 124-125. . . .

“Gebete einer Geschäftsfrau” was translated/adapted by Mayer Wolf and published in his anthology of teḥinot, תְּחִנּוֹת בְּנוֹת יְשֻׁרוּן Techinôs Benôs Jeschurun Ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer (1828) on pp. 115-117. . . .

“Gebete bei dem Anzünden der Lichter Freitag nachts” was translated/adapted by Mayer Wolf and published in his anthology of teḥinot, תְּחִנּוֹת בְּנוֹת יְשֻׁרוּן Gebethbuch für gebildete israelitisch Frauenzimmer (1828) on pp. 107-109. . . .

These are Yehoshua Heshil Miro’s anthologies of teḥinot, beginning with תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1829), one of the earliest anthologies of teḥinot published in German rather than Yiddish. A slightly revised edition with six pieces added and three removed followed in 1833. That work served as the basis for a much larger compilation, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion (1835), which, for the first time, printed the tehinot in German in a Latin (rather than Hebrew) script using the then common Fraktur typeface. A slightly enlarged expanded edition of Beit Yaaqov published in 1842 contains an additional teḥinah (as well as approbations by Rabbi Abraham Geiger and Rabbi Solomon Tiktin). . . .

“Licht und Wahrheit (Light and Truth)” is a hymn translated by Felix Adler from Allgemeines Israelitisches Gesangbuch: eingeführt in dem Neuen Israelitischen Tempel zu Hamburg (1833), hymn №125, pp. 155-157, and published in Hymns, for Divine Service in the Temple Emanu-El (1871), hymn №12, pp. 24-25. We have tentatively dated this hymn to 1868, since another hymn by Adler (“School-hymn, no. 36”) can be found appended from another unattributed work in A Guide to Instruction in the Israelitsh Religion (Samuel Adler, trans. M. Mayer, Temple Emanu-El, 1864, 4th printing 1868). The hymn as printed in the Hamburg Temple Hymnal is nine stanzas long. That hymnal credits the hymn as printed in the collected sermons of Eduard Kley, Sammlung der neuesten Predigten (1826) where it appears on pages 49-50 in three stanzas as part of a discourse on Passover. . . .

“Brich aus in lauten Klagen” by Heinrich Heine was preserved in a letter he wrote to his friend Moses Moser dated 25 October 1824. The poem is included in Heinrich Heine’s Letters on The Rabbi of Bacharach, the manuscript of which only survived in a fragment, the rest having been lost, according to Heine, in a fire. The English translation here by Nina Salaman was transcribed from her anthology, Apples & Honey (1921) where it appears under the title of “Martyr-Song,” published at an earlier date in The Jewish Chronicle. . . .

“Am Überfhreitungsfest (At the Exodus Festival)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №26 on pages 85-90 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №26 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pages 74-78. A variation can also be found in the Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №27 on pages 70-74. . . .

“[Gebet] Für den Regenten (Prayer for the Regent)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №11 on pp. 31-32 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №11 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pp. 27-29. A variation can also be found in Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №9 on p. 14-15. . . .

“Gebet einer Shwangern (Prayer for a pregnant woman)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №60 on pp. 172-173 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №60 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pp. 147-148. A variation can also be found in Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №61 on p. 146-147. . . .

“Gebet einer Handelsfrau (Prayer for a merchant woman)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №40 on p. 129-132 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows that of Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on p. 110-112. . . .

“[Gebet] Nach der Entbindung (Prayer after the childbirth)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №62 on pp. 175-177 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №62 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pp. 150-151. A variation can also be found in Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №63 on p. 149-150. . . .

“[Gebet] Am Geburtstage (Prayer on a birthday)” was first published in Peter (Peretz) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №34 on p. 115-118 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №34 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on p. 98-100. A variation can also be found in the Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №34 on p. 95-97. . . .

“[Gebet] In den letzten Monaten der Schwangerschaft (Prayer in the last months of pregnancy)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №61 on pp. 173-175 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №61 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pp. 148-150. A variation can also be found in Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №62 on p. 147-149. . . .

“Unglückliche Ehe (Unhappy Marriage)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №39 on p. 127-129 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №39 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on p. 108-110. A variation can also be found in the Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №40 on p. 107-109. . . .

“Bei muthmaßlicher Gefahr zur Verführung (In suspected danger of seduction)” was first published in Pereẓ (Peter) Beer’s Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion (1815), as teḥinah №66 on pp. 184-187 where it was rendered in Judeo-German. The German rendering transcribed above follows teḥinah №66 in Henry Frank’s 1839 edition on pp. 158-160. A variation can also be found in the Beer’s 1843 edition as teḥinah №67 on p. 157-159. . . .

The first anthology of teḥinot published in Judeo-German rather than Yiddish. . . .

In 1785 Friedrich Schiller wrote his ‘An die Freude an ode ‘To Joy’, describing his ideal of an equal society united in joy and friendship. Numerous copies and adaptations attest to its popularity at the time. The slightly altered 1803 edition was set to music not only by Ludwig van Beethoven in his Ninth Symphony but also by other composers such as Franz Schubert and Pyotr Tchaikovsky. Hs. Ros. PL B-57 contains a Hebrew translation of the first edition of the ode (apparently rendered before the 1803 alteration), revealing that the spirit of the age even managed to reach the Jewish community in the Netherlands. Whereas the imagery of Schiller’s original is drawn from Greek mythology, the author of the שִׁיר לְשִׂמְחָה relies on the Bible as a source. In fact, he not only utilises Biblical imagery, but successfully avoids any allusion to Hellenistic ideas whatsoever. . . .

A prayer upon preparing ḥallot for Shabbat. . . .

A prayer of a physician from Markus Herz in German with its Hebrew and English translations. . . .

This Western Yiddish alphabetical adaptation of Adir Hu is first found in the 1769 Selig Haggadah, under the name of “Baugesang” (meaning Building Song). It grew to be a beloved part of the Western Ashkenazi rite, to the point where the traditional German Jewish greeting after the Seder was “Bau gut,” or “build well!” . . .

“Auf, auf, den Herrn zu loben” is a hymn by the Lutheran composer of hymns, Johann Franck (1618-1677). The first two stanzas were translated by Rabbi James Koppel Gutheim and published as “Ein gottergehener sinn (Pious Resignation.)” in his Hymns, for Divine Service in the Temple Emanu-El (1871) as hymn №4, pp. 8-9. The use of these two stanzas in a Jewish context can be found in Gebet- und Gesangbuch für die sabbathe und Feste des Jahres: eingefuehrt in der israelitischen Gemeinde zu Coblenz (1850), hymn №18, p. 117. The source of the text from a Christian hymnal is that of Schatzkästlein von hundert und fünfzig geistreichen Liedern älterer Zeit (Samuel Christian Gottfried Küster, 1821) where it is hymn №6, p. 10. The original printing of the hymn is found in the first volume of Franck’s collected hymns Teutsche Gedichte, enthaltend geistliches Zion samt Vaterunserharfe nebst irdischem Helicon oder Lob-, Lieb-, Leidgedichte, etc (Guben, 1674), pp. 212-214. . . .

The doxological piyyut, Yigdal, in Hebrew with a German translation. . . .

A translation in German and English of the ḳinnah “Sha’ali Serufah ba-Esh.” . . .

“Wenn man die Gesetzrolle aus der heiligen Lade nimmt” was translated/adapted from the prayer “Brikh Shmeih d’Marei Alma” (Zohar II 206a) by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. The translation appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №15 on pp. 19-20. In the 1835 and 1842 editions, it also appears as teḥinah №15 on pp. 22-23. . . .

A German translation of Maoz Tsur, by the early Reform rabbi Leopold Stein. This singable German translation was cited as an inspiration for Gustav Gottheil and Marcus Jastrow’s well-known English edition. In some communities in the German Empire, for instance the community of Beuthen (now Bytom, Poland), it was recited during the morning service on Ḥanukkah. It poetically translates the first five verses in their entirety, avoiding the controversial sixth verse (said by some to have been added post-facto, and rejected by the early Reform movement). . . .

“Gebet für den Regenten” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro from the traditional prayer for the sovereign (“Hanoten Teshua”) and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1833 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion on pp. 66-67. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №45 on pp. 75-76. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №47 on pp. 78-79, with the name of Friedrich Wilhelm Ⅲ (1770-1840) replaced by Friedrich Wilhelm Ⅳ (1795-1861). The Hebrew liturgy from which Miro’s translation was derived was reconstructed from variations of Hanoten Teshua current in the 19th century at the time this prayer was published. . . .

“Zweites Gebet vor Neïla” is an abridged, adapted translation by Yehoshua Heshil Miro of the piyyut by Yehudah haLevi “Barkhi Nafshi et Adonai.” There are seven stanzas missing near the end including the final stanza and a portion of the penultimate stanza. The translation was published in Miro’s anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1835 edition, as teḥinah №48 pp. 83-85. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №50 on pp. 86-90. . . .

The paraliturgical adaptation and expansion of “Adaun Aulom” by Lise Tarlau can be found in Rabbi Max Grunwald’s anthology of Jewish women’s prayer, Beruria: Gebet- und Andachtsbuch für jüdische Frauen und Mädchen (1907), pages 93-94. I have set the stanzas or verses from Adon Olam in their original Hebrew side-by-side with Lise Tarlau’s adapted text (according to the arrangement that seems closest to me) so that their proximity may illuminate her inspiration. . . .

The German translation of “Adon Olam” appearing here is as found in Rabbi David Einhorn’s עלת תמיד Gebetbuch für Israelitische Reform-Gemeinden (1858), pp. 1-2. The English translation here, by Joshua Giorgio-Rubin, translating Rabbi David Einhorn, is as found in Rubin’s Olat Hadashah: A Modern Adaptation of David Einhorn’s Olat Tamid for Shabbat Evening (2020), p. 14. . . .

The text of the piyyut, “HaMavdil,” with a German translation by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .

Psalms 126 in Masoretic Hebrew, with a German translation by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .