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In dieser Stunde steht ganz Israel vor seinem Gott, dem richtenden und vergebenden. Vor ihm wollen wir allesamt unseren Weg prüfen; prüfen, was wir getan und was wir unterlassen; prüfen, wohin wir gegangen und wovon wir ferngeblieben sind. Wo immer wir gefehlt haben, wollen wir offen bekennen: wir haben gesündigt, und wollen mit dem festen Willen zur Umkehr vor Gott beten: Vergib uns! |
At this hour, all Israel stands before its judging and forgiving God. In His presence, all of us seek to examine our ways, what we have done and what we have failed to do, examine where we have gone and from where we have remained distant. Wherever we have failed, we desire openly to confess: “We have sinned,” and with a strong will to repentance we desire to pray before God: “Forgive us!” |
Wir stehen vor unserem Gott. Mit derselben Kraft, mit der wir unsere Sünden bekannt, die Sünden des Einzelnen und der Gesamtheit, sprechen wir es mit dem Gefühl des Abscheus aus, daß wir die Lüge, die sich gegen uns wendet, die Verleumdung, die sich gegen unsere Religion und ihre Zeugnisse kehrt, tief unter unseren Füßen sehen. Wir bekennen uns zu unserem Glauben und zu unserer Zukunft. — Wer hat der Welt das Geheimnis des Ewigen, des Einen Gottes gekündet? Wer hat der Welt den Sinn für die Reinheit der Lebensführung, für die Reinheit der Familie offenbart? Wer hat der Welt die Achtung vor dem Menschen, dem Ebenbild Gottes gegeben? Wer hat der Welt das Gebot der Gerechtigkeit, den sozialen Gedanken gewiesen? Der Geist des Propheten Israels, die Offenbarung Gottes an dem jüdischen Volk hat in allem gewirkt. In unserem Judentum ist es erwachsen und wächst es. An diesen Tatsachen prallt jede Beschimpfung ab. |
We stand before our God. With the same strength with which we have acknowledged our sins, the sins of the individual and those of the collectivity, we say with a feeling of abhorrence that we see deep beneath our feet the lie that is turned against us, the libel that is cast upon our religion and its testimonies. We commit ourselves to our faith and to our future. Who announced to the world the mystery of the Eternal One, of the one God? Who revealed to the world a sense for the purity of human conduct, for the purity of the family? Who gave the world respect for the human being, the image of God? Who directed the world to the commandment of justice, to the social idea? The spirit of the Prophets of Israel, the revelation of God to the Jewish people, played a role in all of this. In our Judaism it matured and it still grows. These facts refute every slander. |
Wir stehen vor unserem Gotte; auf ihn bauen wir. In ihm hat unsere Geschichte, hat unser Ausharren in allem Wandel, unsere Standhaftigkeit in aller Bedrängnis ihre Wahrheit und ihre Ehre. Unsere Geschichte ist eine Geschichte der seelischen Größe, seelischer Würde. Sie fragen wir, wenn sich Angriff und Kränkung gegen uns kehren, wenn Not und Leid uns umdrängen. Von Geschlecht zu Geschlecht hat Gott unsere Väter geführt. Er wird auch uns und unsere Kinder durch unsere Tage hindurch leiten. |
We stand before our God; we build upon Him. In Him our history, our survival despite all vicissitudes, our steadfastness in every torment, have their truth and their honor. Our history is a history of spiritual greatness, of spiritual dignity. We turn to it when attack and insult are leveled against us, when distress and suffering afflict us. From generation to generation God led our ancestors. He will likewise lead us and our children through our days. |
Wir stehen vor unserem Gotte. Sein Gebot, das wir erfüllen, gibt uns Kraft. Ihm beugen wir uns, und wir bleiben fest in allem Wechsel des Geschehens. Demütig vertrauen wir auf ihn, und unsere Bahn liegt deutlich vor uns, wir sehen unsere Zukunft. |
We stand before our God. His commandment, which we fulfill, gives us strength. To Him we bow down, and we stand upright before humans. Him do we serve and remain steadfast in every turn of events. Humbly we trust in Him and our path lies clearly before us; we see the future. |
Ganz Israel steht in dieser Stunde vor seinem Gotte. Unser Gebet, unser Vertrauen, unser Bekennen ist das aller Juden auf Erden. Wir blicken aufeinander und wissen von uns, und wir blicken zu unserem Gott empor und wissen von dem, was bleibt. |
All Israel in this hour stands before its God. Our prayer, our trust, our confession is that of all Jews upon the earth. We look at one another and we know ourselves. And we look up to our God and know what is everlasting. |
‘Siehe, nicht schläft und nicht schlummert Er, der Israel hütet.’ |
“See, the Shepherd of Israel neither slumbers nor sleeps.” (Psalms 121:4) |
‘Er, der Frieden schafft in Seinen Höhen, wird Frieden schaffen über uns und ganz Israel‘. |
“He who makes peace in His high places will grant peace to us and to all Israel.”[1] From Jewish liturgy, “oseh shalom bimromav” — an adaptation derived in part from Job 25:2. |
Trauer und Schmerz erfüllen uns. Schweigend, durch Augenblicke des Schweigens vor unserem Gotte, wollen wir dem, was unsere Seele erfüllt, Ausdruck geben. Eindringlicher als alle Worte es vermöchten, wird diese Andacht sprechen! |
We are filled with sorrow and pain. Silently, through moments of silence before our God, let us give expression to what fills our souls. This silent devotion shall speak more urgently than any words are able. |
This is the prayer which Rabbi Dr. Leo Baeck had disseminated to Jewish communities throughout Germany to recite on Yom Kippur, 10 October 1935. The German text here is as found in the archival notes of Helmut Grünewald, Ein Judenjunge durfte kein Deutscher sein (Bristol, 1998), pp. 20-21 in the collection of the Leo Baeck Institute.
The English translation is as published by Dr. Michael Meyer in Rabbi Leo Baeck: Living a Religious Imperative in Troubled Times (2020), pp. 106-107. Dr. Meyer writes,
…in anticipation of Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, on October 6, 1935, Baeck formulated a second, yet more eloquent and powerful, message, this time containing words that the Nazi authorities could not ignore. He composed it shortly after the promulgation of the Nuremberg Laws and gave it the form of a prayer to be read publicly on the eve of the holiday…
A powerful refrain runs through Baeck’s message. Five times, he repeats that on the Day of Atonement, Jews express their conviction that they are not accountable to cruel human authorities; they stand before God alone. God alone is their judge. Only the Creator can judge their worth as human beings: “To Him we bow down, and we stand upright before humans”; we will not let the Nazi authorities define who we are. In language similar to what Martin Luther King would say when forced to remain silent during his march into Arlington Cemetery at the time of the Vietnam War, Baeck alludes to a “silent devotion” that “shall speak more urgently than any words are able.” Referring to this message after the war, Baeck recalled that one specific line in the prayer especially offended the Nazi authorities, since they could not help but see it as an attack upon them: “We say with a feeling of abhorrence that we see deep beneath our feet the lie that is turned against us, the libel that is cast upon our religion and its testimonies.”[2] Leo Baeck, “A People Stands Before Its God,” in Eric H. Boehm, We Survived: The Stories of Fourteen of the Hidden and the Hunted of Nazi Germany (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1949), 286.
Eight hundred copies of Baeck’s prayer were sent out to synagogues throughout Germany, with the intention that when they would be read aloud, they would serve as a collective protest. Among those planning to read it was Max Warburg in Hamburg, who later wrote: “And since I would have thought myself cowardly had I caused it to be read by others while I took no share, I decided to deliver it in the synagogue of the Jewish Orphan Asylum.”[3] Cited in Ron Chernow, The Warburgs: The 20th-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family, (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 435. However, Baeck’s prayer was not read all over Germany, as he had intended. The Nazi authorities got wind of it and insisted that it not be read. Baeck had no choice but to order its destruction wherever it had been sent, as in the tele gram he wrote to the congregation in Potsdam: “By order of the Office of the Secret State Police I call upon you under no circumstances at no time and in no place to read the proclamation. Destroy it.”[4] A photo of the telegram is in Avraham Barkai, “Im Schatten der Verfolgung und Vernichtung,” p. 84. According to Baeck, his prayer had come to the attention of the Gestapo because one of the German rabbis had foolishly asked the minister of the interior of his German state whether there was any governmental reservation regarding its presentation. As punishment for the statement, Baeck was arrested, charged with failing to secure advance permission from the Gestapo, and briefly imprisoned. His release seems to have resulted because, at a time when the Nazi government was still sensitive to foreign opinion, a correspondent for the London Times learned of his arrest and reported it in his paper. Moreover, Otto Hirsch had assumed responsibility for sending out the prayer, whereupon he was then arrested, forcing Baeck to go to Gestapo headquarters to seek his colleague’s release. He told the imprisoners that he could not carry on the work of the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden (the National Representation of German Jews) without Otto Hirsch. At first, Baeck failed to gain his colleague’s release, but he succeeded on a second attempt. At that point, it was apparently still of some importance to the authorities that there be a representative body of the Jewish community with which they could communicate, even if its leaders did not act fully in accordance with their wishes.[5] Kurt Jakob Ball-Kaduri, Vor der Katastrophe: Juden in Deutschland 1934–1939 (Tel Aviv: Olamenu, 1967), pp. 54–55.
The text of this prayer can also be found in Y. Arad, Y. Gutman, A. Margaliot (ed.), Documents on the Holocaust, Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews of Germany and Austria, Poland, and the Soviet Union, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 1981, pp. 87-88. For another English translation of this same prayer, find this resource at Yad Vashem.
Source(s)
Ein Judenjunge durfte kein Deutscher sein (Helmut Grunewald 1998), p. 20 Ein Judenjunge durfte kein Deutscher sein (Helmut Grunewald 1998), p. 21
Notes
| 1 | From Jewish liturgy, “oseh shalom bimromav” — an adaptation derived in part from Job 25:2. |
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| 2 | Leo Baeck, “A People Stands Before Its God,” in Eric H. Boehm, We Survived: The Stories of Fourteen of the Hidden and the Hunted of Nazi Germany (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1949), 286. |
| 3 | Cited in Ron Chernow, The Warburgs: The 20th-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family, (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 435. |
| 4 | A photo of the telegram is in Avraham Barkai, “Im Schatten der Verfolgung und Vernichtung,” p. 84. |
| 5 | Kurt Jakob Ball-Kaduri, Vor der Katastrophe: Juden in Deutschland 1934–1939 (Tel Aviv: Olamenu, 1967), pp. 54–55. |
“Prayer for all Jewish Communities in Germany for the Eve of the Day of Atonement, by Rabbi Dr. Leo Baeck (10 October 1935)” is shared through the Open Siddur Project under their Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use), in respect to the copyrighted material included. Any additional work that is not already in the Public Domain is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Aharon N. Varady (editing/transcription)
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