כׇּל־שִׁׄנְאַנֵּי שַֽׁחַק | Kol Shin’anei Shaḥaq — a rahit piyyut for the second day of Rosh haShanah by Shimon bar Isaac (ca. 10th c.)

Contributor(s):

Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) and Shimon bar Isaac

Shared on:

18 September 2024 under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license

Categories:

Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)

Tags:

rahit, acrostic, פיוטים piyyutim, Alphabetic Acrostic, Acrostic signature, Nusaḥ Ashkenaz, Acrostic translation, 10th century C.E., 48th century A.M.

A rahit (a chain piyyut before the silluq) for the second day of Rosh haShanah, by R. Shimon bar Isaac “the Great” of Mainz. Here translated preserving the acrostic, slightly edited from its form as part of a day 2 service maḥzor I designed two years ago.

Note: “The CAUSE” is used to translate the Divine Name YHVH, based on the philosophical idea of God as the Prime Mover and on the interpretation of the Name as a causative form of the copula – “causes to be.” All divine referents (pronouns, epithets, names) are rendered in unicase.

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Source (Hebrew)	Translation (English)
יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ (שמות טו:יח)	The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time! (Exodus 15:18)
כׇּל־שִׁׄנְאַנֵּי שַֽׁחַק בְּאֹֽמֶר מַאְדִּירִים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־שֽׁוֹכְנֵי שֶֽׁקֶט בִּבְרָכָה מְבָרְכִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּגֹֽבַהּ מַגְדִּילִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All the hosts of heaven acclaim in acclamation: The Cause is sovereign! All the dwellers in silence bless in benediction: The Cause reigns! These and those clamor in culmination: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־מַׄלְאֲכֵי מַֽעְלָה בְּדֵעָה מַדְגִּילִים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־מֽוֹשְׁלֵי מַֽטָּה בְּהַלֵּל מְהַלְלִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּוַדַּאי מוֹדִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All the angels on high declaim in direction: The Cause is sovereign! All the rulers of earth extol in exultation: The Cause reigns! These and those fess up in frankness: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־עָׄרִיצֵי עֶלְיוֹנִים בְּזֶֽמֶר מְזַמְּרִים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־עוֹבְרֵי עוֹלָמִים בְּחַֽיִל מְחַסְּנִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּטַֽעַם מְטַכְּסִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All the highest powers give song in gaiety: The Cause is sovereign! All the passing mortals highlight in hordes: The Cause reigns! These and those initiate in immaculateness: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־וְׄעֽוּדֵי וַֽעַד בְּיֽשֶׁר מְיַפִּים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־וָתִֽיקֵי וֶֽסֶת בְּכֽשֶׁר מְכַלְלִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּלַֽהַג מְלַהֲגִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All the assembled assemblies join in justice: The Cause is sovereign! All the ancient-coursed ones keep up in kind: The Cause reigns! These and those lecture in language: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־נְׄדִיבֵי נְדָבוֹת בְּמַאֲמָר מְמַלְלִים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־נִכְבַּדֵּי נֹֽעַם בְּנִצּֽוּחַ מְנַצְּחִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּשִֽׂיחַ מְשׂוֹחֲחִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All the noblest nobles mouth in meditation: The Cause is sovereign! All the sweetly-honored ones note in novelty: The Cause reigns! These and those observe in observation: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־בַּׄעֲלֵי בִינָה בְּעִלּוּי מְעַלִּים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־בְּרוּאֵי בְרִיָּה בְּפֶֽצַח מְפַצְּחִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּצִפְצוּף מְצַפְצְפִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All sentient spirits proclaim in peaking: The Cause is sovereign! All created creatures quirk in quickstep: The Cause reigns! These and those recite in recitation: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־רִׄשְׁפֵּי רוּמָה בְּקוֹל מַקְדִּישִׁים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־רָֽאשֵׁי רוֹן בְּרֶֽנֶן מְרַנֲּנִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּשִׁירָה מְשׁוֹרְרִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All rain-spirits on high sanctify in sound: The Cause is sovereign! All prayer-leaders thrum in transportation: The Cause reigns! These and those utter in ululation: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־יַׄקִּֽירֵי יֹֽפִי בְּתֹֽקֶף מְתַנִּים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־יוֹשְׁבֵי יִשּׁוּב בְּיִחוּד מְיַחֲדִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּאֶֽדֶר מְאַדְּרִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All faultless in beauty vow in vitality: The Cause is sovereign! All dwelling-dwellers weld together in xeniality: The Cause reigns! These and those yell in zeal: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־צׄוֹבְאֵי צָבָא בְּלֶֽמֶד מְלַמְּדִים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־צְנוּפֵי צְפִירָה בְּצֶֽדֶק מַצְדִּיקִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּחַֽיִל מְחַזְּרִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All multipliers of multitudes teach in teaching: The Cause is sovereign! All callers of the text justify in justice: The Cause reigns! These and those in strengh repeat: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־חֲׄיָֽלֵי חֹֽסֶן בַּחֲרָדָה מְחַלִּים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־חֲשֽׁוּקֵי חֶֽמֶד בְּחָזְקָה מְחַזְּקִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּנִגּוּן מְנַגְּנִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All mighty myriads tremble in trembling: The Cause is sovereign! All pleasant-text lovers strengthen in strengthening: The Cause reigns! These and those hymn in hymning: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־קְׄדוֹשֵׁי קָדוֹשׁ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה מַקְדִּישִׁים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־קְבוּצֵי קָהָל בְּקֽשֶׁט מְקַשְּׁטִים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּנֹֽעַם מַנְעִימִים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	All sacred sanctifying ones sanctify in sanctity: The Cause is sovereign! All community gatherers verify in verity: The Cause reigns! These and those sweeten in sweetness: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time!
כׇּל־חַׄשְׁמַלֵּי זִׄקִּׄים לַבְּקָרִים מִתְחַדְּשִׁים יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ׃ כׇּל־תַּרְשִֽׁישֵׁי גֹֽבַהּ בִּדְמָמָה מְלַחֲשִׁים יהוה מָלָךְ׃ אֵֽלּוּ וָאֵֽלּוּ בְּשִׁלּוּשׁ מְשַׁלְּשִׁים יהוה יִמְלֹךְ׃ יהוה מֶֽלֶךְ יהוה מָלָךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ (שמות טו:יח)	All electric lightning says anew every morning: The Cause is sovereign! All exalted distant-ones whisper in silence: The Cause reigns! These and those repeat the trisagion thrice: The Cause shall be sovereign! The Cause is sovereign! The Cause reigns! The Cause shall be sovereign for all time! (Exodus 15:18)

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“כׇּל־שִׁׄנְאַנֵּי שַֽׁחַק | Kol Shin’anei Shaḥaq — a rahit piyyut for the second day of Rosh haShanah by Shimon bar Isaac (ca. 10th c.)” is shared through the Open Siddur Project with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International copyleft license.

Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

From a family of musicians, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer believes that creative art is one of the most powerful ways to get in touch with the divine. He composes music and poetry in Hebrew and English. (He also authors his own original works and transcribes Hebrew and Aramaic text, adding niqqud and t'amim as needed.) Isaac runs a Jewish music transcription service, which will transcribe and set any Jewish music in any language, recorded or written. Contact his service on Facebook or via his music blog.

Shimon bar Isaac

Shimon bar Isaac (fl. circa 950) born in Mainz, Germany, was a scholar of his time. As a paytan he composed yotserot, qerovot, seliḥot, hymns, and rashuyyot le-ḥatanim. It is probable that he sang his piyutim himself. His piyutim bare traces of the language found in early piyutim, and they are marked by the pain of the persecutions of the Jews in bar Isaac's lifetime.

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Works of related interest:

"Rosh Hashanah," from The Holiday Series: Six Paintings of Jewish Holidays by Arthur Szyk (1948)

אָתִֽיתִי לְחַנְּנָךְ | Atiti l-Ḥan’nakh, the magen piyyut for the second day of Rosh haShanah by Shimon bar Isaac (ca. 10th c.)

Gracie Marie White Harvests Grapes (Indiana Public Media, credit: Annie Corrigan, WFIU, license: CC BY NC)

אַתָּה הָאֵל עוֹשֵׂה פְלָאוֹת | Atah ha-El Oseh Fela’ot, a seliḥah for Taanit Esther by Shimon bar Isaac (ca. 10th c.)

Big moth from the front (credit: Sean Hoyer, license: CC BY-NC-ND)

אֲֽדֹנָי נֶגְדְּךָ כׇל־תַּאֲוָתִי | Adonai Negdekha kol Ta’avati, a piyyut by Yehudah haLevi (early 12th c.) rhyming translation by Alice Lucas (1894)

מַה נָּאווּ עֲלֵי | Mah Navu Alei, a piyyut by Rabbi Shimon bar Nissim (ca. 20th c.)

The Letter of Aristeas. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 747, f. 1r

כִּי־לְךָ תֻּקְרָא כׇּל־בְּרָכָה | Ki Lᵊkha Tuqra Kol Bᵊrakhah, a macaronic poem for Yom Meturgeman by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

הַיּוֹם תְּאַמְּצֵנוּ | haYom T’amtseinu, a piyyut for the end of musaf on Rosh haShanah and Yom Kippur

"Spring bloom in Borot Lotz, Negev Mountains, Israel, March 5, 2010." (credit: Gideon Pisanty, license: CC BY)

דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא | D’ror Yiqra, a piyyut by Dunash ben Labrat haLevi (ca. 10th c.)

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Illustration of Rosh Hashanah by Georg Puschner from Juedisches Ceremoniel, a German book published in Nürnberg in 1724 by Peter Conrad Monath.

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ויהי נעם אדני אלהינו עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננה עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננהו "May the pleasantness of אדֹני our elo’ah be upon us; may our handiwork be established for us — our handiwork, may it be established." –Psalms 90:17