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Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. But the Beta Israel community of Ethiopian Jews, having been isolated from the larger Jewish world for millennia, never had a chance to pick up this specific piyyut until their exodus en masse into Israel. So their liturgy, largely in the ancient Semitic language of Gəʽəz, has no version of such a piyyut. This is an original translation of Ḥad Gadya into Gəʽəz, along with Romanized and Hebraized transliterations.
The structure of Gəʽəz, being fundamentally Semitic, is ripe for adaptation into Hebrew script. A few notes on the decisions I’ve made in transliterating the Ge’ez in Hebrew script:
• In Gəʽəz, [b ~ v] is allophonic, while the sounds {ð θ ɣ} are not present. Thus, when transcribed into Hebrew, the letters በገደተ בגד״ת are only marked with a dagesh when geminated. This does not apply to כ״פ — ከ is כּ, ኀ is כֿ, ፈ is פֿ, and ፐ is פּ.
• In ancient Gəʽəz the letters ሠ ś and ሰ s were distinct /ɬ/ and /s/. These are no longer distinguished by modern speakers. The same sound shift occurred in Hebrew, so the letter ሠ ś is here transcribed as its historical equivalent שׂ.
• Written Gəʽəz doesn’t distinguish between schwa quiescens (shva naḥ) and schwa mobile (shva naʽ), but pronounced Gəʽəz does, with schwa mobile pronounced as the distinct vowel /ɨ/. Since this functions differently from Hebrew shva, only Gəʽəz schwa quiescens is transcribed as as shva, while Gəʽəz schwa mobile is transcribed as a segol.
Latin transliteration (Romanization) is per the Encyclopaedia Aethiopica norm, which can be found here.
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| Source (Aramaic) | Translation (Ge’ez/Ethiopic) | Translation (Ge’ez/Hebraized Ethiopic) | Translation (Ge’ez/Romanized Ethiopic) | Translation (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
One little goat, one little goat, that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא שֻׁנְרָא וְאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡ድመት፣ ወበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה דֶמַּת וַבַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä dəmmät wä-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
A cat came and ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא כַּלְבָּא וְנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡ከልብ፣ ወሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה כַּלְב, וַחֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä kälb, wä-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
A dog came and bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא חֻטְרָא וְהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡በትር፣ ወዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה בַתְר, וַזַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä bätr, wä-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
A stick came and hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא נוּרָא וְשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአት፡እሳት፣ ወአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַת אֶסַת, וַאַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾät ʾəsat, wä-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
A fire came and burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא מַיָּא וְכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡ማይ፣ ወአጥፍአ፡እሳተ፣ ዙአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה מָי, וַאַטְפֶֿאַה אֶסַתַה, זוּ־אַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä may, wä-ʾäṭfəʾä ʾəsatä, zu-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
Water came and put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא תּוֹרָא וְשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡ላህም፣ ወሰትየ፡ማየ፣ ዙአጥፍአ፡እሳተ፣ ዙአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה לָהְם, וַסַתְיַה מָיַה, זוּ־אַטְפֶֿאַה אֶסַתַה, זוּ־אַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä lahm, wä-sätyä mayä, zu-ʾäṭfəʾä ʾəsatä, zu-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
An ox came and drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡መራቅሕ፣ ወጠብሐ፡ላህመ፣ ዙሰትየ፡ማየ፣ ዙአጥፍአ፡እሳተ፣ ዙአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה מַרָקֶח, וַטַבְחַה לָהְמַה, זוּ־סַתְיַה מָיַה, זוּ־אַטְפֶֿאַה אֶסַתַה, זוּ־אַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä märaqəḥ, wä-ṭäbḥä lahmä, zu-sätyä mayä, zu-ʾäṭfəʾä ʾəsatä, zu-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
A butcher came and slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא מַלְאַךְ־הַמָּ֫וֶת וְשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט, דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡መልኣከ፡ሞት፣ ወጠብሐ፡መራቅሐ፣ ዙጠብሐ፡ላህመ፣ ዙሰትየ፡ማየ፣ ዙአጥፍአ፡እሳተ፣ ዙአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה מַלְאָכַּה מוֹת, וַטַבְחַה מַרָקֶחַה, זוּ־טַבְחַה לָהְמַה, זוּ־סַתְיַה מָיַה, זוּ־אַטְפֶֿאַה אֶסַתַה, זוּ־אַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä mälʾakä mot, wä-ṭäbḥä märaqəḥä, zu-ṭäbḥä lahmä, zu-sätyä mayä, zu-ʾäṭfəʾä ʾəsatä, zu-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
The Angel of Death came and slaughtered the shoḥet who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא וְשָׁחַט לְמַלְאַךְ־הַמָּ֫וֶת דְּשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט, דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
ወቦአ፡እግዚአብሔር፡ቡሩክ፡ውእቱ፣ ወጠብሐ፡መልኣከ፡ሞት፣ ዙጠብሐ፡መራቅሐ፣ ዙጠብሐ፡ላህመ፣ ዙሰትየ፡ማየ፣ ዙአጥፍአ፡እሳተ፣ ዙአውዐየት፡በትረ፣ ዙዘበጣ፡ለከልበ፣ ዙሔካ፡ለድመተ፣ ዙበልዐ፡ማሕስአ፡ጠሊ፣ ዙተሣየጠ፡አባ፡ በክልኤቱ፡ብሩራት፤ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ፣ አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ። |
וַבוֹאַה אֶגְזִאַבְחֵר בֻּרֻךְּ וֶאֶתוּ, וַטַבְחַה מַלְאָכַּה מוֹת, זוּ־טַבְחַה מַרָקֶחַה, זוּ־טַבְחַה לָהְמַה, זוּ־סַתְיַה מָיַה, זוּ־אַטְפֶֿאַה אֶסַתַה, זוּ־אַוְעַיַת בַתְרַה, זוּ־זַבַטָא לַכַּלְבַה, זוּ־חֵכַּה לַדֶמַּתַה, זוּ־בַלְעָא מַחְסֶאַה טַלִי, זוּ־תַשָׂיַטַה אַבָא בַכֶּלְאֵתּוּ בֶרֻרָת, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי, אַחַדוּ מַחְסֶא טַלִי׃ |
wä-boʾä ʾəgziʾäbḥer buruk wəʾətu, wä-ṭäbḥä mälʾakä mot, zu-ṭäbḥä märaqəḥä, zu-ṭäbḥä lahmä, zu-sätyä mayä, zu-ʾäṭfəʾä ʾəsatä, zu-ʾäwʽäyät bäträ, zu-zäbäṭa lä-kälbä, zu-ḥekä lä-dəmmätä, zu-bälʿa maḥsəʾä ṭäli, zu-täśayäṭä ʾäba bä-kəlʾettu bərurat, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli, ʾäḥädu maḥsəʾ ṭäli. |
Then the blessed Holy One came and slaughtered the Angel of Death who slaughtered the shoḥet who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
This is a translation of Ḥad Gadya into Ge’ez by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer.
The earliest known appearance of “Ḥad Gadya,” by an unknown author, can be found, handwritten, in the Prague Haggadah (1526). The uncorrected source Aramaic has been vocalized according to the Prague Haggadah (1590). Besides the transcription of the Aramaic with its vocalization, I have also added an English translation adapted from Eve Levavi Feinstein’s Passover Haggadah translation. –Aharon N. Varady
“חַד גַּדְיָא | አሐዱ፡ማሕስእ፡ጠሊ (ʾÄḥädu Maḥsəʾ Ṭäli) — a Gəʽəz translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer” is shared through the Open Siddur Project with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International copyleft license.
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“Some of the Farmer’s Goats” [in Gondar, Ethiopia] (credit: Den Merino, license: CC BY-ND)
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