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The complete qedushta cycle for Shabbat HaḤodesh by Qallir, including all the catenae of verses, repeated refrains, and additional rahitin often skipped in Ashkenazi practice. Alphabetical texts are translated with alphabetical acrostics.
| Source (Hebrew) | Translation (English) |
|---|---|
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב׃ הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל הַגִּבּוֹר וְהַנּוֹרָא אֵל עֶלְיוֹן׃ גּוֹמֵל חֲסָדִים טוֹבִים וְקוֹנֵה הַכֹּל וְזוֹכֵר חַסְדֵי אָבוֹת וּמֵבִיא גוֹאֵל לִבְנֵי בְנֵיהֶם לְמַֽעַן שְׁמוֹ בְּאַהֲבָה׃ מֶֽלֶךְ עוֹזֵר וּמוֹשִֽׁיעַ וּמָגֵן׃ |
Blessed are You, o Cause, our God and God of our ancestors. God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob. The Deity, great and mighty and awesome; the almighty Deity, who well repays kindness, and possesses all, and remembers the kindnesses of ancestors and sends a redeemer to their descendants for Their Name’s sake, in love. Sovereign, Help and Rescue and Shield — |
רשות |
Reshut[1] This brief reshut was not written by Qallir. It is inserted into the Ashkenazi rite here to justify the practice of inserting piyyutim. |
מִסּוֹד חֲכָמִים וּנְבוֹנִים וּמִלֶּֽמֶד דַּֽעַת מְבִינִים אֶפְתְּחָה פִּי בְּשִׁיר וּרְנָנִים לְהוֹדוֹת וּלְהַלֵּל פְּנֵי שׁוֹכֵן מְעוֹנִים׃ |
By the counsel of sages and scholars, and the study of knowledge-understanders, let me open my mouth in song and cheer to thank and praise the countenance of the Dweller on High. |
מגן |
Magen |
אֲתִיַת עֵת דּוֹדִים כְּגָעָה בְּאַחַת וָעֶֽשֶׂר פּוּט נֻגָּֽעָה גִּישַׁת צְקוֹן מַכְפֵּל כְּפָגְעָה דִּלֵּג פַּֽעַם וְזֹאת רָגְעָה׃ | |
הִשְׁגִּֽיחַ עֹֽפֶר מֵחֶֽרֶךְ אֲרֻבּוֹת וְחִתֵּל אֶֽרֶךְ בְּתֵֽבֶס תַּעֲרוּבוֹת זְמַן קָפַץ עֲשׂוֹת רַבּוֹת חֲדָשִׁים וְגַם יְשָׁנִים לְהַרְבּוֹת׃ |
Eyeing from the heavenly lattice, the Fawn[5] God, based on the midrashic reading of Song of Songs 2:9 Fixed healing-bands to the blood-wallowed spawn. Great deeds They did, skipping time bygone, Helping new and old increase hither and yon. |
טָס וַיֵּֽדֶא וְעִדָּן שִׁנָּה יָקֵץ כְּיָשֵׁן וְעָר כְּמִשֵּׁנָה כָּסַף וְדָפַק בְּפִתְחֵי יְשֵׁנָה לְחַפְּשָׁהּ בָּרִאשׁוֹן לְחׇדְשֵׁי הַשָּׁנָה׃ |
In haste They flew, from the set date They did veer; Jolting up like a sleeper; from sleep They did uprear. Keenly knocking on the sleeper’s gate, so she may hear: Let her be free in the first of the months of the year! |
In most modern Ashkenazi practice, the catenae of verses inserted after the first three piyyutim are not recited. | |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃ הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחׇדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ (שמות יב:א-ב) |
As it is written: And the Cause said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, quote: This month will be for you the head of months; the first it is for you of the months of the year. (Exodus 12:1–2) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ אֲנִ֥י יְשֵׁנָ֖ה וְלִבִּ֣י עֵ֑ר ק֣וֹל ׀ דּוֹדִ֣י דוֹפֵ֗ק פִּתְחִי־לִ֞י אֲחֹתִ֤י רַעְיָתִי֙ יוֹנָתִ֣י תַמָּתִ֔י שֶׁרֹּאשִׁי֙ נִמְלָא־טָ֔ל קְוֻצּוֹתַ֖י רְסִ֥יסֵי לָֽיְלָה׃ (שיר השירים ה:ב) |
And it is said: I slept, my heart awake — a sound! My lover is knocking! “Open for me, my sister, my darling, my dove, my pure! For my head is full of dew, my locks the night-mist.” (Song of Songs 5:2) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ הָעִ֣ירָה וְ֭הָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִ֑י אֱלֹהַ֖י וַאדֹנָ֣י לְרִיבִֽי׃ (תהלים לה:כג) |
And it is said: Awaken, arouse for my justice; my God and Master, for my case! (Psalms 35:23) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ רַבּ֤וֹת עָשִׂ֨יתָ ׀ אַתָּ֤ה ׀ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהַי֮ נִ֥פְלְאֹתֶ֥יךָ וּמַחְשְׁבֹתֶ֗יךָ אֵ֫לֵ֥ינוּ אֵ֤ין ׀ עֲרֹ֬ךְ אֵלֶ֗יךָ אַגִּ֥ידָה וַאֲדַבֵּ֑רָה עָ֝צְמ֗וּ מִסַּפֵּֽר׃ (תהלים מ:ו) |
And it is said: So much You have done, Cause my God, Your wonders and Your devisings upon us none can measure for You; I wish to tell and speak, but they are too great to be told. (Psalms 40:6) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וְ֠ה֠וּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חׇכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ (דניאל ב:כא) |
And it is said: And he changes seasons and times, removes kings and raises kings, giving wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the knowing of understanding. (Daniel 2:21) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ ק֣וֹל דּוֹדִ֔י הִנֵּה־זֶ֖ה בָּ֑א מְדַלֵּג֙ עַל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים מְקַפֵּ֖ץ עַל־הַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃ (שיר השירים ב:ח) |
And it is said: A sound! My lover, here he comes, skipping over the mountains, jumping over the hills! (Song of Songs 2:8) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ הַֽדּוּדָאִ֣ים נָֽתְנוּ־רֵ֗יחַ וְעַל־פְּתָחֵ֙ינוּ֙ כׇּל־מְגָדִ֔ים חֲדָשִׁ֖ים גַּם־יְשָׁנִ֑ים דּוֹדִ֖י צָפַ֥נְתִּי לָֽךְ׃ (שיר השירים ז:יד) |
And it is said: The mandrakes give off scent, and upon our openings all choice things, new and old; my lover, I have stored for you. (Song of Songs 7:14) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ דּוֹמֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ לִצְבִ֔י א֖וֹ לְעֹ֣פֶר הָאַיָּלִ֑ים הִנֵּה־זֶ֤ה עוֹמֵד֙ אַחַ֣ר כׇּתְלֵ֔נוּ מַשְׁגִּ֙יחַ֙ מִן־הַֽחַלֹּנ֔וֹת מֵצִ֖יץ מִן־הַחֲרַכִּֽים׃ (שיר השירים ב:ט) |
And it is said: My lover is like a gazelle or a fawn of the stags; here he is standing behind our wall, looking through the windows, peering through the lattice. (Song of Songs 2:9) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ לַכֹּ֖ל זְמָ֑ן וְעֵ֥ת לְכׇל־חֵ֖פֶץ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ (קהלת ג:א) |
And it is said: For all there is a time, and a season for anything desired under heaven. (Ecclesiastes 3:1) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ כִּֽי־זָ֭כַר אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר קׇדְשׁ֑וֹ אֶֽת־אַבְרָהָ֥ם עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ (תהלים קה:מב) |
And it is said: For They remembered Their holy word to Avraham Their servant. (Psalms 105:42) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָלַ֜יִךְ וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ וְהִנֵּ֤ה עִתֵּךְ֙ עֵ֣ת דֹּדִ֔ים וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע לָ֠ךְ וָאָב֨וֹא בִבְרִ֜ית אֹתָ֗ךְ נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִ֖ה וַתִּֽהְיִי־לִֽי׃ (יחזקאל טז:ח) |
And it is said: And I passed over you and saw you, and hey, your time was the time of love, and I spread My wing over you and covered your nakedness, and I swore to you that I would come in a covenant with you — declares the Master Cause — and you would be Mine. (Ezekiel 16:8) |
לִֽי עוֹד תִּגְנֹן בְּפָסֽוֹחַ וְגָנוֹן בְּגוֹנְנָךְ לְבָנוֹן בְּמָגִנַּת יִנּוֹן׃ |
Mine You will yet shield, in passing over to shield; Lebanon You shield in Yinon’s[6] The messiah. See Bavli Sanhedrin 98b. shield. |
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה מָגֵן אַבְרָהָם׃ |
Blessed are You, o Cause, shield of Abraham. |
אַתָּה גִּבּוֹר לְעוֹלָם אֲדֹנָי מְחַיֵּה מֵתִים אַתָּה רַב לְהוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ מַשִּׁיב הָרֽוּחַ וּמוֹרִיד הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ מְכַלְכֵּל חַיִּים בְּחֶֽסֶד מְחַיֵּה מֵתִים בְּרַחֲמִים רַבִּים׃ סוֹמֵךְ נוֹפְלִים וְרוֹפֵא חוֹלִים וּמַתִּיר אֲסוּרִים וּמְקַיֵּם אֱמוּנָתוֹ לִישֵׁנֵי עָפָר׃ מִי כָמֽוֹךָ בַּֽעַל גְּבוּרוֹת וּמִי דוֹמֶה לָּךְ׃ מֶֽלֶךְ מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּה וּמַצְמִֽיחַ יְשׁוּעָה׃ וְנֶאֱמָן אַתָּה לְהַחֲיוֹת מֵתִים — |
You are mighty forever, Master, You bring life to the dead, greatly saving. You turn the wind and send down the rain. You provide for life in kindness, reviving the dead in great mercy, lift the fallen, heal the sick, free the bound, and keep faith with sleepers in the dust. Who is like You, Master of Powerful Acts, and who can be compared to You? Sovereign, who brings death and life and causes salvation to sprout. And trusted are You to revive the dead — |
מחייה |
Meḥayeh |
מְרִימֵי עוֹל עֶגְלָה לְהַלְאוֹת מִכְּאֵב הַֽגְתָּ לְהַרְאוֹת אוֹת נְאָקָה הָחִֽישָׁה קֵץ הַפְּלָאוֹת נִחֲצוּ לְמָאתַֽיִם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת׃ |
Manhandlers of the heifer’s[7] Egypt. See Jeremiah 46:20. wearying yoke — Manifesting a sign, You rescued the pained folk. Now the miracle age their cry hastened to invoke, Narrowing four hundred to two hundred[8] Many add וָעֶֽשֶׂר “and ten” here to fit the standard rabbinic count, but it is not found in the oldest manuscripts. in one stroke. |
שֶׂה הַמְּסֻבָּךְ לְעֵֽקֶד צוּר סֻיַּם זִכְרוֹ בְּפֶֽקֶד נָצוּר עֲמוּסִים כְּאָתָֽיוּ לְעֵת בִּצּוּר עָדֵֽימוֹ לְשַׁי יְהֵא עָצוּר׃ |
Of the lamb enthicketed for the rock[9] The patriarch, in this case Isaac. bound Pointed out was its memorial; it was kept around. Qua – when the borne came to a time safe and sound, Reserved was its merit as a gift to be found. |
פֶּֽלֶא עֲשׂוֹת נֶֽגֶד אָבוֹת פָּץ מִבֶּעָשׂוֹר לְאׇסְרוֹ בֶּעָבוֹת צְלִיחַת יַרְדֵּן בּוֹ לְהַתְווֹת צְפִיַּת שֶׂה לְבֵית אָבוֹת׃ |
So as to, before the ancestors, do a wondrous program They ordered: by the 10th bind it with rope to the jamb! Unto fording the Jordan,[10] Whch also happened on the tenth day of Nisan. presaged — it’s no scam — Vaticinated by the ancestral house’s lamb. |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ דַּבְּר֗וּ אֶֽל־כׇּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת׃ (שמות יב:ג) |
As it is written: Speak to all the congregation of Israel, quote: on the tenth of this month each man will take a lamb for his ancestral house, a lamb for his house. (Exodus 12:3) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ (יהושע ד:יט) |
And it is said: And the people were going up from the Jordan on the tenth of the first month, and encamped at Gilgal, at the eastern edge of Jericho. (Joshua 4:19) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ אֵ֤ל ׀ יְהֹוָה֮ וַיָּ֢אֶ֫ר לָ֥נוּ אִסְרוּ־חַ֥ג בַּעֲבֹתִ֑ים עַד־קַ֝רְנ֗וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ (תהלים קיח:כז) |
And it is said: The Deity is the Cause, who enlightened us; bind the festival-offering with cords upon the altar’s corners! (Psalms 118:27) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃ (תהלים עח:יב) |
And it is said: Before their ancestors They did a wonder, in the land of Egypt, the field of Tanis.[11] “Tanis” is the Egyptian town referred to as Tso’an in the Hebrew. (Psalms 78:12) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃ (תהלים עח:ג) |
And it is said: What we have heard and known, and our ancestors told us. (Psalm 78:3) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ זֵ֣כֶר עָ֭שָׂה לְנִפְלְאוֹתָ֑יו חַנּ֖וּן וְרַח֣וּם יְהֹוָֽה׃ (תהלים קיא:ד) |
And it is said: A memory They made for Their wonders; merciful and compassionate is the Cause. (Psalms 111:4) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ שִׂמְחָ֣ה לָ֭אִישׁ בְּמַעֲנֵה־פִ֑יו וְדָבָ֖ר בְּעִתּ֣וֹ מַה־טּֽוֹב׃ (משלי טו:כג) |
And it is said: Happiness for a man is a reply on the lips, and a word at its time is so good! (Proverbs 15:23) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ בְּחַבְלֵ֨י אָדָ֤ם אֶמְשְׁכֵם֙ בַּעֲבֹת֣וֹת אַהֲבָ֔ה וָאֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם כִּמְרִ֥ימֵי עֹ֖ל עַ֣ל לְחֵיהֶ֑ם וְאַ֥ט אֵלָ֖יו אוֹכִֽיל׃ (הושע יא:ד) |
And it is said, With human ties I drew them, with cords of love, and I was for them as one lifting a yoke from their jaws, I bent to them and fed them. (Hosea 11:4) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ לֹ֣א אִ֥ישׁ אֵל֙ וִֽיכַזֵּ֔ב וּבֶן־אָדָ֖ם וְיִתְנֶחָ֑ם הַה֤וּא אָמַר֙ וְלֹ֣א יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְדִבֶּ֖ר וְלֹ֥א יְקִימֶֽנָּה׃ (דברים כג:יט) |
And it is said, Not a man is the Deity that They would lie, nor a mortal that They would regret; would what They spoke not come about? what They said not be fulfilled? (Numbers 23:19) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ הַתְּאֵנָה֙ חָנְטָ֣ה פַגֶּ֔יהָ וְהַגְּפָנִ֥ים ׀ סְמָדַ֖ר נָ֣תְנוּ רֵ֑יחַ ק֥וּמִי לכי לָ֛ךְ רַעְיָתִ֥י יָפָתִ֖י וּלְכִי־לָֽךְ׃ (שיר השירים ב:יג) |
And it is said: The fig-tree puts forth its figs, and the grapes blossoming give out scent; arise, my beautiful darling, and away, you! (Song of Songs 2:13) |
לָֽךְ עוֹד נַקְשִֽׁיבָה מִמַּעַיְנֵי הַיְשׁוּעָה נִשְׁאֲבָה שְׂשׂוֹן יִשְׁעֲךָ לָֽנוּ הָשִֽׁיבָה וּבִתְחִיַּת גֶּֽשֶׁם נֵחָשֵֽׁבָה׃ |
You we should listen to again! We will draw from the springs of salvation to obtain. Return Your saving joy — on us it should remain! And let us be thought of with reviving rain. |
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה מְחַיֵּה הַמֵּתִים׃ |
Blessed are You, o Cause, who revives the dead. |
משלש |
Meshalesh |
קִיחַת עֲלָיַת עֶֽקֶד הִיא נִצְּבָה בְּפֶֽקֶד תְּוִיכַת בִּתְרֵי שָׁקַד רִשְׁפֵּי לוּד לְיַקֵּד׃ | |
רַחַשׁ יְשֵׁנִים כְּעָרַב דַּם תְּבוּסָה כְּעֵרַב קֵץ חָשׁ וְקָרַב לְעוֹרֵר בְּתַנִּין קְרָב׃ |
eXhalations of the sleepers were called for, as the people wallowed in gore. They hurried up the final score, to rise up against the crocodile[14] Egypt. See Ezekiel 29:3. in war. |
שֵֽׁמַע מִכְסַת פְּסָחִים אֲשֶׁר כָּֽסוּ פְסוּחִים הִיא צִמְּתָה כַּסְלוּחִים לְהַצִּיתָם כְּקוֹצִים כְּסוּחִים׃ |
Yield of the paschal-offerings, as heard, That those passed over slaughtered from the heard; The Casluhites’[15] Egypt. See Genesis 10:14 destruction spurred, to inflame them like thornbushes burred. |
תְּרָפִים כְּדֵי לַמְעַט מְנוּיֵי מְתֵי מְעַט תֹּֽקֶף הַדְרַת מֶֽלֶךְ מִלְהִמָּעֵט הֻרְשַׁם לְהִמָּנוֹת בִּוְאִם יִמְעַט׃ |
Zeal for idols so as deride, The small-numbered people did abide. The Sovereign’s splendid strength should not subside; So the count “and if the house is lacking” applied. |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ וְאִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַבַּ֘יִת֮ מִהְי֣וֹת מִשֶּׂה֒ וְלָקַ֣ח ה֗וּא וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּמִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י אׇכְל֔וֹ תָּכֹ֖סּוּ עַל־הַשֶּֽׂה׃ (שמות יב:ד) |
As it is written: And if the house is lacking enough for a lamb, then he and his neighbors close of his house should take, by calculation of people — each man per what he can eat, calculate for the lamb. (Exodus 12:4) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ בְּרׇב־עָ֥ם הַדְרַת־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבְאֶ֥פֶס לְ֝אֹ֗ם מְחִתַּ֥ת רָזֽוֹן׃ (משלי יד:כח) |
And it is said: In the many people is the Sovereign’s glory, and the lack of a nation is the destruction of a potentate. (Proverbs 14:28) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ טוֹב־מְ֭עַט לַצַּדִּ֑יק מֵ֝הֲמ֗וֹן רְשָׁעִ֥ים רַבִּֽים׃ (תהלים לז:טז) |
And it is said: Better is a little for the righteous than a great abundance for the wicked. (Psalms 37:16) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ דְּבַ֣שׁ מָ֭צָאתָ אֱכֹ֣ל דַּיֶּ֑ךָּ פֶּן־תִּ֝שְׂבָּעֶ֗נּוּ וַהֲקֵאתֽוֹ׃ (משלי כה:טז) |
And it is said: Honey you found? Eat just enough; lest you be full and vomit. (Proverbs 25:16) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ מ֘וֹשִׁ֤יב יְחִידִ֨ים ׀ בַּ֗יְתָה מוֹצִ֣יא אֲ֭סִירִים בַּכּוֹשָׁר֑וֹת אַ֥ךְ ס֝וֹרְﬞרִ֗ים שָׁכְנ֥וּ צְחִיחָֽה׃ (תהלים סח:ז) |
And it is said: God returns the lonely home, brings the bound out in appropriateness, but the rebellious dwell in parchedness. (Psalm 68:7) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וְחִכֵּ֕ךְ כְּיֵ֥ין הַטּ֛וֹב הוֹלֵ֥ךְ לְדוֹדִ֖י לְמֵישָׁרִ֑ים דּוֹבֵ֖ב שִׂפְתֵ֥י יְשֵׁנִֽים׃ (שיר השירים ז:י) |
And it is said: And your smile is like the best wine; going straight to my lover, flowing over sleepers’ lips. (Song of Songs 7:10) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וָאֶעֱבֹ֤ר עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ וָֽאֶרְאֵ֔ךְ מִתְבּוֹסֶ֖סֶת בְּדָמָ֑יִךְ וָאֹ֤מַר לָךְ֙ בְּדָמַ֣יִךְ חֲיִ֔י וָאֹ֥מַר לָ֖ךְ בְּדָמַ֥יִךְ חֲיִֽי׃ (יחזקאל טז:ו) |
And it is said: And I passed over you and saw you wallowing in your blood, and I said to you, “Live in your blood,” and I said to you, “Live in your blood.” (Ezekiel 16:6) |
הַחֹֽדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם לִשְׁמֹר בְּסֶֽכֶם אֲסוּפֵי הַר מוֹר וְאִתָּם אֵל יִגְמֹר שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת אוֹתוֹת בּוֹ לִשְׁמֹר׃ |
Hold this very month, keeping it for you, By agreement of the Mount of Myrrh’s council[16] According to Tosefta Sanhedrin 2:2, three signs determined if the month of Adar was intercalated — the ripening of barley, the fruit of the tree, and the equinox. Any two signs would be enough to declare an intercalation, but one sign was not. true. Observing will the Deity be with you For three matters[17] The sanhedrin, which declared months. The Mount of Myrrh is the Temple. to keep the month anew. |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ שָׁמוֹר֙ אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָאָבִ֔יב וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פֶּ֔סַח לַיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֞י בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֗יב הוֹצִ֨יאֲךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לָֽיְלָה׃(דברים טז:א) |
As it is written: Guard the month of ripe-barley, and do Pesaḥ for the Cause your God, for in the month of ripe-barley the Cause your God brought you out from Egypt by night. (Deuteronomy 16:1) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ רִאשׁ֥וֹן לְצִיּ֖וֹן הִנֵּ֣ה הִנָּ֑ם וְלִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר אֶתֵּֽן׃ (ישעיה מא:כז) |
And it is said: First to Zion, hey, here they are! And to Jerusalem, I will give a herald. (Isaiah 41:27) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ וּבְנֵ֣י צִיּ֗וֹן גִּ֤ילוּ וְשִׂמְחוּ֙ בַּיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־נָתַ֥ן לָכֶ֛ם אֶת־הַמּוֹרֶ֖ה לִצְדָקָ֑ה וַיּ֣וֹרֶד לָכֶ֗ם גֶּ֛שֶׁם מוֹרֶ֥ה וּמַלְק֖וֹשׁ בָּרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ (יואל ב:כג) |
And it is said: And the children of Zion, cheer and rejoice in the Cause your God, for They gave you the early-rain for righteousness, and will make fall upon you the rain, early and late, as of then. (Joel 2:23) |
דּוֹרֵשׁ זֶה חֹֽדֶשׁ בְּחׇדְשׁוֹ לְאוֹת וּלְמוֹפֵת קִדְּשׁוֹ יְדִידֵי עַם קְדוֹשׁוֹ הוֹשִֽׁיעָה־לוֹ יְמִינוֹ וּזְרֽוֹעַ קׇדְשׁוֹ׃ |
Deem this month at its monthing, For They hallowed it as a sign and portentious thing. As for the holy people, beloved over everything, Their right hand and holy arm have done it saving. |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ מִזְמ֡וֹר שִׁ֤ירוּ לַיהֹוָ֨ה ׀ שִׁ֣יר חָ֭דָשׁ כִּֽי־נִפְלָא֣וֹת עָשָׂ֑ה הוֹשִׁיעָה־לּ֥וֹ יְ֝מִינ֗וֹ וּזְר֥וֹעַ קׇדְשֽׁוֹ׃ (תהלים צח:א) |
And it is said: A psalm. Sing to the Cause a new song, for They did wonders; Their right hand and Their holy arm have done salvation for Them. (Psalms 98:1) |
הֲדֹם מִגֵּר נְזִיד עֶֽדֶשׁ כְּהַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְחֻדַּשׁ בַּגֹּֽדֶשׁ וְנוֹבִיל שַׁי בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ בָּרִאשׁוֹן בְּאֶחָד לַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
Yellow-lentil-stew-overthrown[18] i.e., destroyed by Esau, who sold his birthright for a pot of lentil stew. footstool, May it like this day be renewed in majuscule. And we will offer tribute at Your sacred vestibule, On the first day of the first month, per Your rule. |
כַּכָּתוּב׃ כֹּה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִה֒ בָּֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ תִּקַּ֥ח פַּר־בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תָּמִ֑ים וְחִטֵּאתָ֖ אֶת־הַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ׃ (יחזקאל מה:יח) |
As it is said: Thus said the Master Cause: in the first month, the first day of the month, you will take a bull of the herd, pure, and cleanse the sanctuary. (Ezekiel 45:18) |
וְנֶאֱמַר׃ יִמְלֹ֤ךְ יְהֹוָ֨ה ׀ לְעוֹלָ֗ם אֱלֹהַ֣יִךְ צִ֭יּוֹן לְדֹ֥ר וָדֹ֗ר הַֽלְﬞלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קמו:י) |
And it is said: The Cause reigns forever; your God, Zion, from generation to generation; praise Yah! (Psalms 146:10) |
וְאַתָּ֥ה קָד֑וֹשׁ י֝וֹשֵׁ֗ב תְּהִלּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (תהלים כב:ד) |
And You are holy, enthroned on Israel’s praise. (Psalms 22:4) |
אל נא |
El Na |
אֵל נָא! רַבּוֹת עָשִֽׂיתָ וְחָשַֽׁבְתָּ וְסָפַֽרְתָּ מִפְעֲלוֹתֶֽיךָ פְּעוֹל בְּסַֽהַר סָפַֽרְתָּ לְאוֹתוֹת וּלְמוֹעֲדִים חֶבְלוֹ שִׁפַּֽרְתָּ לִתְקוּפוֹת וּמַחֲזוֹרוֹת קִצּוֹ צָפַֽרְתָּ לְאַלְפַּֽיִם וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וְאַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה זְמַנוֹ בֵּאַֽרְתָּ וּבִתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת עִבּוּרִים עָדָיו עִבַּֽרְתָּ וְהַיּוֹם הוֹרֵֽיתָ לְעַם אֲשֶׁר בָּחַֽרְתָּ לָכֵן עַל־כׇּל־חֹֽדֶשׁ חׇדְשׁוֹ הִגְבַּֽרְתָּ סִפְרוֹ בִּקַּֽרְתָּ קִצְבוֹ חָקַֽרְתָּ נִזְלוֹ הֵקַֽרְתָּ פִּלְאוֹ סָקַֽרְתָּ מוֹעֲדוֹ יָקַֽרְתָּ וּבוֹ יָקַֽרְתָּ וְנִתְיַקַּֽרְתָּ׃ |
Deity, please! So much You did and considered and calculated; Of Your wonders acting by the moon You calculated; For signs and seasons its lot You ameliorated; For eras and cycles its end You demarcated. For 2448 years[19] According to the traditional count, the year 2448 AM was the year of the exodus from Egypt. its time You elucidated And for its nine hundred leap-months You intercalated, And this day You taught the people that You nominated. Therefore, over each month its month You elevated, Its number You interrogated Its shape You investigated, Its flow You evaluated, Its wonder You contemplated; Its season You appreciated; And in it You appreciated and were appreciated. |
חי וקיים |
Ḥay v-Qayyam |
חַי וְקַיָּם נוֹרָא וּמָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ! |
Living and enduring, awesome and exalted and holy! |
אֲבִי כׇּל־חוֹזֶה חָל בּוֹ בַּמַּחֲזֶה כְּנֶאֱמַר לוֹ חֲזֵה תַּבְנִית הַחֹֽדֶשׁ הַזֶּה׃ |
Entreated the father of all who envision,[20] Moses within the vision he was told, “Envision the new moon in precision.” |
לְהָבִין קֶֽצֶב מוֹלַדְתּוֹ מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְאֶֽרֶךְ מְלֵאָתוֹ עַד־תַּכְלִיתוֹ׃ |
Let him know its birth state, from its starting date, to its full weight, until it does abate. |
עִמְּתוֹ לְהַרְאֵֽהוּ וְלֹא הִכִּיר מַרְאֵֽהוּ עַד בְּאֶצְבַּע הֶרְאָֽהוּ אָז בָּן וְרָאָֽהוּ׃ |
And They drew near to show it, but the form, he did not know it, till Their finger showed it, then he saw to note it. |
זֹֽהַר לְשָׁעוֹת שֵׁשׁ תׇּאֳרוֹ לְהִתְאַשֵּׁשׁ פָּחוֹת מִשֵּׁשׁ כׇּל־עַֽיִן יְעַשֵּׁשׁ׃ |
Zenith after the sixth hour, then its form has enough power, but before the sixth hour no eye can glower. |
רוֹאָיו לְבַקֵּר עֵדָיו לְחַקֵּר מַאֲמִירָיו לְיַקֵּר מְמִירָיו לְעַקֵּר׃ |
Ask of those who see it; investigate those who witness it; honor those who tell of it; punish those who lie about it. |
בְּמֶֽדֶד לוֹ שִׁעֵר עׇבְיוֹ אֵיךְ לְשַּׁעֵר עַד שְׁטִיפַת שֵׂעָר יְקַבְּלוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי שָֽׁעַר׃ |
Ruling its measure They set a size of its width in the skies – but a hair widthwise accepted by the gate-sitters wise. |
יִדְּעוֹ תְּבוּנָה לְחַוּוֹת לְאוֹם נְכוֹנָה לְהוֹרוֹת לְיוֹדְעֵי בִינָה עֵֽרֶךְ לְבָנָה׃ |
Him They made known sense, to show the proper people hence, teaching those with good sense the moon’s measure with pretense: |
רְגָלִים לְיַשֵּׁב זְמַנִּים לְחַשֵּׁב בְּעִבּוּר אֵיךְ לֵישֵׁב וְסוֹד מַה לְהַקְשֵׁב׃ |
As fort pilgrimages to set a date, times to calculate, months to intercalate, and hearken to counsel great. |
בְּפָנָיו צָֽגוּ אֵילֵי קֹֽדֶשׁ לְהָעִיד עֵדוּת חֹֽדֶשׁ וְאֵל נִתְעַטֵּף בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ כְּמַקְדִישֵׁי חֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
Queued holy powers to commune, to witness testimony of the moon, and the Deity did in sanctity cocoon, as those who sanctify the moon. |
יָהּ בְּדָקָם לְעֵינוֹ וְעֵדוּתָם דִּקְדֵּק בְּמַחֲנוֹ וְהַכֹּל צָוְחוּ בִּמְעוֹנוֹ מְקֻדָּשׁ הַחֹֽדֶשׁ בִּזְמַנוֹ׃ |
Analyzing them in his[21] Moses, who God is showing the entire process of sanctifying the moon, using angels as witnesses. sight, in Their camp testimony insight; and all shouted in Their height: “Sanctified is the new moon tonight!” |
קֵץ מוֹלַדְתּוֹ חָל לְהַקְצוֹת בְּיוֹם רְבִיעִי בֶּחָצוֹת וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים מְרוּצוֹת לֹא נִכַּר בַּחוּצוֹת׃ |
Lay the end of the prior moon[22] The Adar before the exodus. Wednesday at noon, and thirty hours came soon, not seen in the yard Thursday afternoon. |
לָאָה צִיר וּפָחַד וְתָר מֵעֵת לְעֵת סְפוֹר אֶחָד וְצוּר פָּץ לוֹ וַיִּחַדְּ מֵעֶֽרֶב וְעַד־עֶֽרֶב מְנוֹת אֶחָד׃ |
Lugubriuous and frightened was the delegate, and pondered whether from noontime to noontime should one count wait. But the Rock spoke out to him to celebrate from evening to evening counting one date. |
יַלְדוּת חֶֽרֶס וְסַֽהַר בּוֹ בַיּוֹם חֶשְׁבּוֹן מִֽצּוּ וּבִתְחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתָם בְּחַלּוֹן אֶחָד נִמְצָאוּ רֵעִים כְּנִתַּן לָמוֹ מַסֹּֽרֶת אִמְּצוּ לְחַשֵּׁב לְעַבֵּר וּלְקַדֵּשׁ סְפוֹרוֹת כְּמָצְאוּ׃ |
Infancy of Sol and Luna on precisely the same day, and and from their creation’s start they were set in one way. Reinforced to the friends is the tradition They did convey — to calculate, intercalate, and sanctify the count to stay. |
אֵל נָא לְעוֹלָם תָּעֳרׇץ וּלְעוֹלָם תֻּקְדָּשׁ וּלְעוֹלְמֵי עוֹלָמִים תִּמְלֹךְ וְתִתְנַשֵּׂא הָאֵל מֶלֶךְ נוֹרָא מָרוֹם וְקָדוֹשׁ כִּי אַתָּה הוּא מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים מַׄלְכוּתוֹ נֶֽׄצַח נׄוֹרְאוֹתָיו שִֽׂׄיחוּ סַׄפְּרוּ עֻׄזּוֹ פָּׄאֲרֽוּהוּ צְׄבָאָיו קַׄדְּשֽׁוּהוּ רׄוֹמְמֽוּהוּ רֹׄן שִׁׄיר וָשֶֽׁבַח תֹּֽׄקֶף תְּׄהִלוֹת תִּׄפְאַרְתּוֹ׃ |
Deity, please, forever are You adored and forever are You sanctified and forever and aye will You reign and be exalted, the Deity, sovereign, awesome, high and holy, for You are the Sovereign, Sovereign of sovereigns, whose sovereignty is eternal; tell Their awesomenesses, recount Their strength, glorify Their forces, sanctify Them, exalt Them, cheer, song, and laudation, mighty praises of Their glory. |
קיקלר |
Qiqlar |
רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לִפְסֹֽחַ עֲלֵיכֶם לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכְכֶם קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
It is the first for you, to pass over you to be sanctified among you — holy! |
לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֹן נְצוּרֵי כְאִישׁוֹן לְהַעֲרִיץ לְאֵל אַחֲרוֹן וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
For you it is the first, like a pupil guarded first, to laud the Deity last and first — holy! |
אָדוֹן מִקֶּֽדֶם תִּכְּנוֹ רֹאשׁ בִּינוֹ לֹא גָל בְּסֵֽפֶר תּוֹלְדוֹת רֹאשׁ גִּלָּֽהוּ תְּחִלָּה לָכֶם לִדְרֹשׁ׃ רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לִפְסֹֽחַ עֲלֵיכֶם לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכְכֶם קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
As of old, the Master made this one the start, But did not reveal its ken in the origin-book of the start, Confiding it first to in you to take part. It is the first for you, to pass over you, to be sanctified among you — holy! |
דּוֹרַשׁ לְהַשְׁווֹת בּוֹ גִּֽיהַּ וְאִישׁוֹן הֻפְלָא מִכׇּל־עַם וְלָשׁוֹן וְלֹא־הֻמְסַר לְאָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן׃ לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֹן נְצוּרֵי כְאִישׁוֹן לְהַעֲרִיץ לְאֵל אַחֲרוֹן וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Do its calculating at the equinox exact, Esoteric to all people and tongue, and abstract, First Adam wasn’t given it, in fact! For you it is the first, like a pupil guarded first, to laud the Deity last and first — holy! |
זְמַן עֶדְנָה בּוֹ בֻשָּׂרָה חָנוּט לְקִצּוֹ עָקוּד לְמוֹסֵרָה טַפֶּֽיהָ בְּכֵן בּוֹ בֻּשְּׂרוּ בְשׂוֹרָה׃ רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לִפְסֹֽחַ עֲלֵיכֶם לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכְכֶם קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Gratification-time in it was to her[23] Sarah, who was told she would have ‘edna (here translated “gratification”) — referring to the sexual intercourse that led to Isaac’s birth, in the month of Nisan. proclaimed, Hached forth was the bound one,[24] Isaac, born in Nisan. offering-claimed, In so doing, her children were given tidings acclaimed. It is the first for you, to pass over you, to be sanctified among you — holy! |
יֶֽרַח אֲשֶׁר לֹא־פִּעֲנַח לָרִאשׁוֹנִים כָּמוּס לִצְפוֹן חֲדָשִׁים וְגַם־יְשָׁנִים לְרֹאשׁ הוּשָׂם לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים׃ לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֹן נְצוּרֵי כְאִישׁוֹן לְהַעֲרִיץ לְאֵל אַחֲרוֹן וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Just as to the former the month was not revealed, Kept it was for the new and old, and sealed, Labeled the first of the four new years’ yield. For you it is the first, like a pupil guarded first, to laud the Deity last and first — holy! |
מוֹעֲדִים מַזְמִין לְנִדְגָּלִים נוֹעֲדִים בּוֹ עֵינֵֽימוֹ צִירֵי רוֹגְלִים סָפוּר הוּא לִמְלָכִים וְלִרְגָלִים׃ רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לִפְסֹֽחַ עֲלֵיכֶם לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכְכֶם קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Month that times seasons for the flag-bedecked,[25] Israel Nearing it their eyes[26] The leaders of the people, who gather before Nisan to appoint foot-messengers to spread the date of the new month. who delegate walkers collect, On it kings’ and festivals’ count takes effect.[27] The first day of Nisan is the new moon for kings and festivals. It is the first for you, to pass over you, to be sanctified among you — holy! |
עִבּוּר מְעַבְּרִים לְשׇׁמְרוֹ בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ פֶּֽרַח וְאָבִיב תְּקוּפָה בָּם לְוַעֲדוֹ צִיּוּן שְׁלׇשְׁתָּם יְצָרְפוּ לְסַעֲדוֹ׃ לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֹן נְצוּרֵי כְאִישׁוֹן לְהַעֲרִיץ לְאֵל אַחֲרוֹן וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Proper time to preserve, leap-months are inserted, Quota: fruit and grain and equinox to assert it, Reckoning with all three to help divert it. For you it is the first, like a pupil guarded first, to laud the Deity last and first — holy! |
קֻדַּשׁ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וּשְׁלִישׁוֹ חֶצְיוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ לִשְׁמֹר לְקַדֵּשׁ לָקַֽחַת לְחֶֽגֶּג לִקְצֹר וְלִגְמֹר רֻשַׁם בְּכׇל־דּוֹר שָׁמוּר הוּא לְרוֹכֵב עַל חֲמוֹר׃ רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם לִפְסֹֽחַ עֲלֵיכֶם לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכְכֶם קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Sacred kept are its start, its third, its half, and its most,[28] Meaning the first day, the tenth day, the fifteenth day, and the sixteenth day. To sanctify, take, celebrate, reap, and do the utmost.[29] The first day is sanctified, the tenth day the paschal lamb was taken, the fifteenth day the holiday begins, the sixteenth day the ‘Omer offering was given, and the rest of the month is still a heightened festival season. Upon ages marked, kept for the donkey-rider foremost.[30] The Messiah It is the first for you, to pass over you, to be sanctified among you — holy! |
שְׁמִירַת שְׁלִישׁוֹ בַּיַּרְדֵּן עָמְדָה שַׁלְהֶֽבֶת חֶצְיוֹ שְׁאוֹן פּוּל הִשְׁמִידָה תְּשׁוּעַת קְצִירוֹ יְמִינִי הֶעֱמִידָה׃ לָכֶם הוּא רִאשׁוֹן נְצוּרֵי כְאִישׁוֹן לְהַעֲרִיץ לְאֵל אַחֲרוֹן וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ קָדוֹשׁ׃ |
Verging on the Jordan stood keeping its third.[31] The tenth day of Nisan was also the day the Jordan was crossed. The poem suggests this was in the merit of taking the lamb on the tenth day in Egypt. With its half, flame destroyed Pul,[32] Another name for Tiglath-Pileser, found in II Kings 15:19 and I Chronicles 5:26 as well as several Babylonian sources. Referring to the Assyrians as a whole here. The Assyrian forces were defeated on 15 Nisan. his horde deferred. Yield of reaping raised the Benjaminite[33] Mordechai, who was appointed in place of Haman on 16 Nisan. to be heard. For you it is the first, like a pupil guarded first, to laud the Deity last and first — holy! |
רהיט |
Rahit Ⅰ[34] Found in many manuscripts, the rahitot are not included in modern Ashkenazi practice. |
וּבְכֵן הַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם |
And thus: This month will be for you… (Exodus 12:2) |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר אֹֽׄמֶן אַׄגַּן אׄוֹרוֹת בּוֹ אִׄדַּֽרְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְבָׄאֵי בַּׄתֵּבָה בֵּׄאוּרוֹ בְּׄבִין בֵּׄאַֽרְתִּי | |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר גֹּֽׄדֶל גִּׄבְּעוֹת גַּׄבְנֻנִּים בּוֹ גִּׄזַּֽרְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְדׄוֹר דִּׄין דֵּׄעוֹ בְּדָׄת דִּׄבַּֽרְתִּי |
A month in which I great humped hills decreed, For you and not doomed generation[37] The generation of the Flood. did I speak its law. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר הׄוֹד הַׄקַּֽיִץ הַׄחֹֽרֶף בּוֹ הִׄדַּרְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְזֵׄדֵי זֶֽׄרֶם זְׄמַנּוֹ בְּזֹׄאת זָׄבַֽדְתִּי |
A month in which I enhanced summer and winter’s grace, For you and not zephyr-season arrogant did I bestow this. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר חֹׄק חֶׄשְׁבּוֹן חֳׄדָשִׁים בּוֹ חָׄקַֽרְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְטׄוֹעֵי טֶֽׄפֶשׁ טַׄעֲמוֹ בְּטֹֽׄהַר טָׄרַֽחְתִּי |
A month in which I had a look at month-counting law, For you and not trespassing fools did I travail it in purity. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר יַׄלְדוּת יַׄרְחֵי יַֽׄחַם בּוֹ יִׄחַֽסְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְכׄוֹרְעֵי כֶּֽׄסֶל כִּׄלּוּ בַּכִּׄסֵּא כָּׄמַֽסְתִּי |
A month in which I young warmth-seasons ascribed, For you and not crouchers to folly did I store in the throne. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר לֶֽׄדֶת לְׄבָנָה לְׄחַשֵּׁב בּוֹ לָׄמַֽדְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְמַׄלְאֲכֵי מַֽׄעַל מׄוֹלָדוֹ בְּמִׄנְיַן מִׄדָּֽתִי |
A month in which I learned to calculate Luna’s birth, For you and not ministering angels did I measure the origin-count. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר נֵׄף נִׄזְּלֵי נְׄדָבוֹת בּוֹ נָׄתַֽתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְשַׂׄרְפֵי סׄוֹד סִׄפּוּרוֹ בְּסֵֽׄפֶר שַֽׂׄמְתִּי |
A month in which I nourished with flowing gift-bounties, For you and not secretive snake-angels did I set this book. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר עׄוֹנוֹת עִׄתִּים עִׄדָּנִים בּוֹ עָׄרַֽכְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְפִׄלְאֵי פַּֽׄחַד פִּׄשְׁרוֹ בְּפֵׄרוּשׁ פָּׄתַֽחְתִּי |
A month in which I oriented times, eras, and seasons; For you and not fearsome wonders did I clarify openly. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר צִׄמְאוֹן צִׄמְחֵי צִׄיָּה בּוֹ צִׄחְצַֽׄחְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְקׇׄדְשֵׁי קֶֽׄדֶם קִׄצְּבוּ בְּקַׄו קָׄבַֽעְתִּי |
A month in which I chapparal-plants cleansed of thirst, For you and not quondam holy surveyors did I establish. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר רַֽׄעַף רְׄבִיבֵי רַֽׄעַם בּוֹ רָׄוָֽתִי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְשִׁׄנְאֲנֵי שַֽׁׄאַג שֵׁׄעוּרוֹ בְּשִׁׄמּוּר שִׁׄוֵּֽיתִי |
A month in which I rained and thundered and satisifed, For you and not for shouting hosts did I keep its measure. |
חֹֽדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תֹּֽׄאַר תּׄוֹלְדוֹת תֵּׄבֵל בּוֹ תָּׄמַֽכְתִּי לָכֶם וְלֹא לְתׄוֹלְדוֹת תֶּֽׄכֶל תִּׄכּוּנוֹ בַּתּׄוֹרָה תִּׄוַּֽכְתִּי׃ |
A month in which I thus upheld the world’s origin-book, For you and not for the confused ages did I set it in the Teaching. |
רהיט |
Rahit Ⅱ[38] Found in many manuscripts, the rahitot are not included in modern Ashkenazi practice. |
וּבְכֵן רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם |
And thus: the first it is for you… (Exodus 12:2) |
רִאשׁוֹן לְתִׄקּוּן תְּׄקוּפוֹת מִפְעֲלוֹת אֱלֹהִים הוּא |
The first of the wondrous set cycles of God it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְשִׁׄבְעַת שִׁׄמְשֵׁי מַזָּלוֹת כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר הוּא |
The first of shining seven zodiacal light-star suns it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְרׄוֹמְמוֹת רָׄחוֹק אֲשֶׁר קָרַב וְזָרַח הוּא |
The first of raising the distant coming near to shine it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְקַׄלֵּֽעַ קָׄמָיו קָׄמִים לְהִלָּחֵם בְּשָׁוֶה הוּא |
The first of quashing those rising together for battle it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְצֶֽׄמַח צַׄאֲנָן בְּשׂוֹרוֹת עֲקֶֽרֶת הַבַּֽיִת הוּא |
The first of childless woman’s news, Zaanan’s sprout it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְפַׄלֵּשׁ פֶּׄתַח רֵאשִׁית בְּרִיתוֹת בְּרִית הוּא |
The first of first forcing open covenants’ covenant it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְעׄוֹרֵר עֲׄיֵפַת עֲלוּפוֹת שְׁנַת רֶֽדֶם הוּא |
The first of opening the eyes of the sore tired it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְסַׄלְסֵׄל סְׄפוּרוֹת קֵץ פְּלָאוֹת יֶֽשַׁע הוּא |
The first of salvation’s final wondrous stories told it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְנֶׄאֱמָן נִׄרְאָה לֶעָנָיו בְּלַֽבַּת־אֵשׁ הוּא |
The first of noticed by the humble was the Faithful in fire it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְמׄוֹפְתֵי מֹׄף וְאַחֲרוֹן לְמַכּוֹת תַּנִּין הוּא |
The first of Memphis’s portents, the crocodile’s last plague it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְלֹׄא לְׄהַקְרִיב עוֹד בְּהֶתֵּר בָּמָה הוּא |
The first of “let no other altars have sacrifices” it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְכַׄלּוֹת כׇּׄל־מְלֶֽאכֶת אֹֽהֶל הָעֵדוּת הוּא |
The first of completing all the Tabernacle’s work it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לִיׄרִידַת יְׄקִידָה לְלַהֵט זִבְחֵי שַׁי הוּא |
The first of igniting sacrifice-gifts in fire descending it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לִטְׄבֹּֽחַ טְׄלָאִים בִּכְהֻנָּה וּבַעֲבֹדַת קֹֽדֶשׁ הוּא |
The first of to slaughter lambs in priestly holy work it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְחַׄדֵּשׁ בּוֹ חִׄדּוּשׁ כְּתָרִים עֲשָׂרָה הוּא |
The first of headdresses ten to renew renewal it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְזָׄבַת זְׄרָעִים לְהֶתֵּר לְאׇכְלָה לָעָם הוּא |
The first of zymes to flow so the people may eat it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְוִׄעוּד וֶֽׄסֶת שִׁלּֽוּחַ מְרַגְּלֵי חֶרֶשׁ הוּא |
The first of witnessed signs to send out the walkers it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְהׄוֹם הׄוֹלְלִים בִּצְלִיל שְׂעוֹרֵי עֹֽמֶר הוּא |
The first of exulting hordes in loaves of ‘omer-bread it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לִדְׄחֹף בּוֹ דְּׄרִיכַת מִלְחָמוֹת תְּנוּפָה הוּא |
The first of driving forward treading out wars it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְגַׄדֵּֽעַ גֹּׄדֶל גְּׄבוּרוֹת הֲפַכְפַּךְ וְחָנֵף הוּא |
The first of greatness of the perverse hypocrites cut down it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לִבְרוּרִים בּׄוֹחֵר שָׁמוּר לְיוֹם נָקָם הוּא |
The first of bolstered chosen for the vengeance-day it is. |
רִאשׁוֹן לְאַׄרְמוֹן לְאֹׄמֵ֥ר לְצִיּ֖וֹן מָלַ֥ךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ הוּא׃ | |
סילוק |
Silluq |
וּבְכֵן וּלְךָ תַעֲלֶה קְדֻשָּׁה כִּי אַתָּה קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ |
And thus, to You holiness ascends, For You are the Holy One and Savior of Israel. |
הוּא נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְנוֹאֲמוֹ נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וּמוֹעֲדוֹ נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְאִוּוּיוֹ נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְנוֹחֲלָיו נִקְרְאוּ רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְאוֹיְבָם נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְאוֹהֲבָם נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְגוֹאֲלָם נִקְרָא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן הִנֵּה הָעֵת יָבֹא בְּרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן בְּקֵץ אֲשֶׁר הוּא רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לַעֲבוֹר בְּרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לְכוֹנֵן נָכוֹן בְּרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן וְאִתּוֹ נוֹצַר בְּרֽוּחַ רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לְקַעֲקֵעַ שְׂרִידֵי עֲמָלֵק רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לְעוֹרֵר צוּרִים הַחֲצוּבִים בְּרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לִפְעֹל חֲדָשׁוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לְרַצּוֹת חִדּוּשׁ תְּשׁוּרַת רֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן לְהוֹבִיל בּוֹ שַׁי לְרֹאשׁ וְרִאשׁוֹן׃ |
They[40] God are called head and first, And Their word[41] The Torah is called head and first, And Their season[42] Pesaḥ is called head and first, And Their desire[43] The Temple is called head and first, And Their inheritors[44] Israel are called head and first, And their enemy[45] Amalek is called head and first, And their friend[46] Avraham is called head and first, And their Redeemer[47] God is called head and first, Behold, the age will come to a head and first, At the end-time which is head and first, To pass at the head and first,[48] Leading the army To establish it[49] The Temple, built on the top of a mountain firm at the head and first, And with Them, the one[50] The messiah made spirited, head and first, To crush the remnants of Amalek, head and first, To rouse the rocks[51] The patriarchs hewn at head and first, To do new deeds at the head and first, To appease with new gifts of the head and first,[52] The first-fruits To offer tribute there to the Head and First.[53] God |
וְעוֹד בַּל יֻזְכְּרוּ רִאשׁוֹנִים כִּי יְחֻדְּשׁוּ חֲדָשִׁים וְגַם יְשָׁנִים פְּלָאִים מִפְּלָאִים מְשֻׁנִּים וְיָקִיצוּ כׇּל־יְשֵׁנִים מְהַלְּלִים וּמְשׁוֹרְרִים שִׁירִים מִשִּׁירִים מְשַׁנְּנִים׃ |
And the former will be recalled no more,[54] See Isaiah 65:17 For both new and old will be made new in splendor. Sundry wonders to wonder for, Awakening those who sleep but do not snore, To sing sundry songs and to adore. |
וְלֹא יֹאמְרוּ עוֹד אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָה בְּנָבִיא כִּי אִם חַי יְהֹוָה אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָה וַאֲשֶׁר הֵבִיא וְאָז אֵל יִשְׁאַג כְּלָבִיא לַעֲרוֹךְ קְרָבִי חֲדָשׁוֹת לְהָבִיא בְּיַד אִישׁ נָבִיא מִשֵֽׁבֶט לֵוִי לְהָשִׁיב לְבָבִי לְחַדֵּשׁ קְרָבִי׃ וְיַצְמִֽיחַ צֶֽמַח נָקוּב שִׁבְעָה וְאִתּוֹ יְהוּ רוֹעִים שִׁבְעָה וִיחֻדְּשׁוּ לְאוֹם דְּבָרִים שִׁבְעָה וְיִתְכַּסֶּה מֵהֶם שָׁבֻעִים שִׁבְעָה׃ |
No more will they say “who by prophet brought them up,” But “as the Cause lives, who brought and raised them up.”[55] See Jeremiah 23:6-7 And the Deity will, like a lion roaring, Arrange my warring, News to describe, By the hand of the prophet alive,[56] Elijah from Levi’s tribe, Returning my heart to its mooring My innards restoring. They will sprout the sprout called by seven[57] The messiah, who has seven names. And with him will be shepherds seven,[58] See Micah 5:4 Which will renew for the nation matters seven, He will be concealed from them weeks times seven.[59] See Daniel 9:25 |
וְיָשׁוּב וְיִגָּלֶה לְעַם קְדוֹשִׁים אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ יְהוּ מְקֻדָּשִׁים וְלֹא־לְעֶדְרֵי צֹאן קׇדָשִׁים עַד־קֵץ שִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים עַד־בֹּא רִאשׁוֹן לְרָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים וְאָז יֵרָאֶה לַעֲדַת קְדוֹשִׁים הַנִּשְׁאָרִים מֵעוֹל קְדֵשִׁים וְיַרְאֶה לָֽמוֹ אוֹתוֹת חֲדָשִׁים לְחַדֵּשׁ שָׁמַֽיִם הַחֲדָשִׁים לִמְשֹֽׁחַ קֹֽדֶשׁ קׇדָשִׁים לִפְתּֽוֹחַ דֶֽלֶת לִקְדוֹשִׁים בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וּבֶחֳדָשִׁים׃ |
And he will return and be revealed to the people holy, Who with him were rendered holy, But not to the herds of the flock holy Until after six months pass wholly, Once the first of the new months comes solely, He will be seen to the congregation holy, Escaping from the yoke of the unholy, And he will show them signs of novelty, To make heavens new in quality,[60] See Isaiah 65:17 To anoint the very most holy, To open the door for the holy,[61] See Ezekiel 46:2–3 For Sabbaths and new-moons, days holy. |
וְאָז יְצַוֶּה חִדּוּשׁ עֲבוֹדַת חֹֽדֶשׁ מַה לְהַעֲלוֹת בְּרֹאשׁ כׇּל־חֹֽדֶשׁ וַעֲבוֹדַת רִאשׁוֹן כׇּל־חֹֽדֶשׁ הִיא תַקְדִים תְּחִלָה לְכׇל־חֹֽדֶשׁ כִּי כְּמוֹ הָיָה רֹאשׁ לְכׇל־חֹֽדֶשׁ כֵּן יִהְיֶה רֹאשׁ לְכׇל־חֹֽדֶשׁ׃ |
He will then command to renew the service of the month, What to offer at the head of each month, And the service of the first month, Which takes precedence first over every month, For just as it was head month, So too it will be was head month. |
וְתֵעָשֶׂה בּוֹ חֲדָשָׁה לִבְרֹאת אֶֽרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה לְהִנָּתֵן דֵּעָה חֲדָשָׁה לִכְרוֹת בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה לְהִבָּרְאוֹת בְּרִיָּה חֲדָשָׁה לְהִתְחַדֵּשׁ רֽוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה לְהוֹבִיל בּוֹ שַׁי מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה׃ | |
וְחַמָּה וּלְבָנָה תִּתְחַדָּשׁ וְאוֹרָם שִׁבְעָתַֽיִם יְחֻדָּשׁ שְׁתַּֽיִם בַּשָׁנָה יִתְחַדָּשׁ וִיצַמְצֵם שְׁכִינָתוֹ בְּתוֹךְ שַֽׁעַר הֶחָדָשׁ וְיִקָּרֵא לוֹ שֵׁם חָדָשׁ כְּשֵׁם הָעִיר מִיּוֹם הַמְקֻדָּשׁ וְיִנָּתֵן לָעָם לֵב חָדָשׁ לְשׁוֹרֵר בְּפִיהֶם שִׁיר חָדָשׁ שִׁיר מְפֹאָר וּמְחֻדָּשׁ עַל כׇּל־שִׁיר מְהֻלָּל וּמְקֻדָּשׁ׃ |
And Sol and Luna will be made new, And their light sevenfold anew,[64] See Isaiah 30:26 Twice a year[65] At the equinoxes. made new, And Their Presence will be confined in the gate that is new, Which will be called by a name that is new, like the name of the city since the day sanctified through, And to the people will be given a heart that is new, To sing in their mouths a song anew, A song glorious and new, Over all praised songs that holiness imbue. |
כִּי שִׁירֵי אֶרְאֶלִּים אֲשֶׁר שִׁיר וְתִשְׁבָּחוֹת מְהַלְּלִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא חָלִים. |
For the singing lion-angels, who chant praise and songs, do not even begin before this song. |
וְנִצּֽוּחַ אֵלִים אֲשֶׁר קוֹל הֲמוּלָה צוֹהֲלִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא מְמַלְּלִים. |
And the shouting deity-angels, who in a loud tumult shout, do not say a word before this song. |
וְרֶֽנֶן גַּלְגַּלִּים אֲשֶׁר אִם־הוּרְשׁוּ כׇּל־גּוֹלְלִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא כוֹלְלִים. |
And the cheering circuit-angels, who could, if permitted, overturn every circuit, do not crown before this song. |
וְאֵימַת כְּרוּבִים אֲשֶׁר הֵם צָגִים כְּמוֹ רוֹבִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא מַרְבִּים. |
And the awesome mount-angels, who stand there like youths, do not increase before this song. |
וְהַדְרַת אוֹפַנִּים אֲשֶׁר הֵם מְרֻבְּעֵי פָנִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא סוֹפְנִים. |
And the splendid wheel-angels, who are four-faced, do not adore before this song. |
וַהֲמוֹן גְּדוּדִים אֲשֶׁר הֵם הוֹד אֵל מַגִּידִים. לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא נֶאֱגָדִים |
And the horded troop-angels, who tell of the Deity’s majesty, are not gathered before this song. |
וְסוֹד עִירִין אֲשֶׁר כְּעֵין קָלָל בּוֹעֲרִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא מְפָאֲרִים. |
And the mysterious watcher-angels, who blaze like polished bronze, do not laud before this song. |
וְרֶֽגֶשׁ קַדִּישִׁין אֲשֶׁר לַבְּקָרִים מִתְחַדְּשִׁים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא מַקְדִּישִׁים. |
And the chanting holy-angels, who are made new each morning, do not sanctify before this song. |
וְנַהַם שִׁנְאֲנִּים אֲשֶׁר טַעֲמָם לֹא מְשַׁנִּים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא־מְשַׁנְּנִים. |
And the roaring myriad-angels, who never change their scales, do not repeat a note before this song. |
וּפַֽחַד שְׂרָפִים אֲשֶׁר בְּרֶֽגַע כֹּל שׂוֹרְפִים לִפְנֵי שִׁיר זֶה לֹא רוֹפְפִים׃ |
And the fearsome snake-angels, who could burn everything in a moment, do not move before this song. |
כִּי כׇל־מַחֲנוֹת מְשָׁרְתִים קְדוֹשִׁים מְשָׁרְתָיו יְהוּ מַקְדִּישִׁים׃ וְגַם־הֲמוֹן צְבָא מַלְאָכִים מַנְעִימָיו יְהוּ מַמְלִיכִים׃ | |
וּמְרוּצוֹת חֵיל זִקִּים כֹּחָם יְהוּ מְחַזְּקִים וְזִיו מִשְׁלַֽחַת בְּרָקִים פְּנֵיהֶם יְהוּ מַבְרִיקִים׃ |
And the nimble force of light Will strengthen their force and might, And the appearance of lightning bright Will turn their faces white. |
וְחֽוּצָה לָֽמוֹ הֹוִים מִתְעַלְּסִים בׇּאֳהָבִים׃ וְעַד־מְחִיצָתָם לֹא־בָאִים בְּאִשָׁם נִלְהָבִים וּבְגַחַלְתָּם נִכְוִים וּבְפָאֲרָם הֵם נֶאֱלָמִים׃ |
And outside they will be, Praising in love and glee. But they will not into their midst turn In their fire they will burn, And their coal-glow burns in turn, And their praises one cannot discern. |
וְעֵת כִּי יַתְחִֽילוּ יָחִֽישׁוּ וְעֵת כִּי יַתְכִּֽילוּ יָחִֽילוּ וְעֵת כִּי יִגְמֹֽרוּ יַעֲרִֽיצוּ וְעֵת כִּי יָחִֽישׁוּ יַקְדִּֽישׁוּ וְעֵת כִּי יִשְׁתֹּֽקוּ יְשַׁלֵּֽשׁוּ קְדֻשָּׁה מְשֻׁלֶּֽשֶׁת… |
When they[68] Israel start, they[69] The angels hush, When they[70] Israel end, they[71] The angels start, When they[72] Israel conclude, they[73] The angels glorify, When they[74] Israel praise,[75] Some texts read יֶחֱשׁוּ “are silent” they[76] The angels sanctify, And when they[77] Israel are silent, they[78] The angels threefold repeat the threefold sanctification… |
Notes
| 1 | This brief reshut was not written by Qallir. It is inserted into the Ashkenazi rite here to justify the practice of inserting piyyutim. |
|---|---|
| 2 | Egypt. See Genesis 10:6. |
| 3 | The prayer of the patriarchs buried in the cave of Machpelah. |
| 4 | Israel |
| 5 | God, based on the midrashic reading of Song of Songs 2:9 |
| 6 | The messiah. See Bavli Sanhedrin 98b. |
| 7 | Egypt. See Jeremiah 46:20. |
| 8 | Many add וָעֶֽשֶׂר “and ten” here to fit the standard rabbinic count, but it is not found in the oldest manuscripts. |
| 9 | The patriarch, in this case Isaac. |
| 10 | Whch also happened on the tenth day of Nisan. |
| 11 | “Tanis” is the Egyptian town referred to as Tso’an in the Hebrew. |
| 12 | Isaac |
| 13 | Egypt. See Genesis 10:13. |
| 14 | Egypt. See Ezekiel 29:3. |
| 15 | Egypt. See Genesis 10:14 |
| 16 | According to Tosefta Sanhedrin 2:2, three signs determined if the month of Adar was intercalated — the ripening of barley, the fruit of the tree, and the equinox. Any two signs would be enough to declare an intercalation, but one sign was not. |
| 17 | The sanhedrin, which declared months. The Mount of Myrrh is the Temple. |
| 18 | i.e., destroyed by Esau, who sold his birthright for a pot of lentil stew. |
| 19 | According to the traditional count, the year 2448 AM was the year of the exodus from Egypt. |
| 20 | Moses |
| 21 | Moses, who God is showing the entire process of sanctifying the moon, using angels as witnesses. |
| 22 | The Adar before the exodus. |
| 23 | Sarah, who was told she would have ‘edna (here translated “gratification”) — referring to the sexual intercourse that led to Isaac’s birth, in the month of Nisan. |
| 24 | Isaac, born in Nisan. |
| 25 | Israel |
| 26 | The leaders of the people, who gather before Nisan to appoint foot-messengers to spread the date of the new month. |
| 27 | The first day of Nisan is the new moon for kings and festivals. |
| 28 | Meaning the first day, the tenth day, the fifteenth day, and the sixteenth day. |
| 29 | The first day is sanctified, the tenth day the paschal lamb was taken, the fifteenth day the holiday begins, the sixteenth day the ‘Omer offering was given, and the rest of the month is still a heightened festival season. |
| 30 | The Messiah |
| 31 | The tenth day of Nisan was also the day the Jordan was crossed. The poem suggests this was in the merit of taking the lamb on the tenth day in Egypt. |
| 32 | Another name for Tiglath-Pileser, found in II Kings 15:19 and I Chronicles 5:26 as well as several Babylonian sources. Referring to the Assyrians as a whole here. The Assyrian forces were defeated on 15 Nisan. |
| 33 | Mordechai, who was appointed in place of Haman on 16 Nisan. |
| 34 | Found in many manuscripts, the rahitot are not included in modern Ashkenazi practice. |
| 35 | The work of creation, according to the opinion that it was done in Nisan. |
| 36 | Noah |
| 37 | The generation of the Flood. |
| 38 | Found in many manuscripts, the rahitot are not included in modern Ashkenazi practice. |
| 39 | Isaiah 52:7 |
| 40 | God |
| 41 | The Torah |
| 42 | Pesaḥ |
| 43 | The Temple |
| 44 | Israel |
| 45 | Amalek |
| 46 | Avraham |
| 47 | God |
| 48 | Leading the army |
| 49 | The Temple, built on the top of a mountain |
| 50 | The messiah |
| 51 | The patriarchs |
| 52 | The first-fruits |
| 53 | God |
| 54 | See Isaiah 65:17 |
| 55 | See Jeremiah 23:6-7 |
| 56 | Elijah |
| 57 | The messiah, who has seven names. |
| 58 | See Micah 5:4 |
| 59 | See Daniel 9:25 |
| 60 | See Isaiah 65:17 |
| 61 | See Ezekiel 46:2–3 |
| 62 | See Isaiah 65:17 |
| 63 | See Jeremiah 31:31 |
| 64 | See Isaiah 30:26 |
| 65 | At the equinoxes. |
| 66 | Israel |
| 67 | Israel |
| 68 | Israel |
| 69 | The angels |
| 70 | Israel |
| 71 | The angels |
| 72 | Israel |
| 73 | The angels |
| 74 | Israel |
| 75 | Some texts read יֶחֱשׁוּ “are silent” |
| 76 | The angels |
| 77 | Israel |
| 78 | The angels |
“קְדוּשְׁתָּאוֹת לְשַׁבָּת הָחֹֽדֶשׁ | Qedushtaot for Shabbat HaḤodesh, by Elazar ben Qallir” is shared through the Open Siddur Project under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license.
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