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the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B')

The last major addition to the biblical text was a post-exilic (pre-3rd century BCE) source which Dr. Tzemaḥ Yoreh refers to as the "Bridger" or simply, 'B.' B supplements earlier layers of text with genealogies and popular myths, providing narrative bridges between distant story cycles. B's narrative additions often share a fantastic element rarely found in Biblical narrative, and are most likely later additions to their respective Pentateuchal frameworks.

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annual Torah reading cycle | anti-predatory | authority vs. integrity | בלק Balaq | במדבר Bamidbar | Betsalel | breaking down | camels | census | דברים Devarim | fast-forward | Har Sinai | חקת Ḥuqat | let's review | liberation from mitsrayim | Midbar Paran | midbar quest | Midbar Sinai | Midbar Tsyn | Miriam's well | missing years | moving out | mythopoesis | נזיר Nazir | נח Noaḥ | Oholiav | פרשת השבוע Parashat haShavua | פרשות parashot | קריעת ים סוף qriyat yam suf | redaction criticism | safe passage | שבת shabbat | שבת חזון Shabbat Ḥazon | פרשת בראשית parashat Bereshit | פרשת בהעלתך b'Ha'alotekha | פרשת בא Parashat Bo | פרשת בשלח parashat B'shalaḥ | פרשת חיי שרה parashat Ḥayyei Sarah | פרשת כי תשא parashat Ki Tisa | פרשת לך לך parashat Lekh Lekha | פרשת מקץ parashat Miqets | פרשת נשא parashat Naso | פרשת שמות parashat Shemot | פרשת ויחי parashat Vayeḥi | פרשת וירא parashat Vayera | פרשת וישב parashat Vayeshev | פרשת ויגש parashat Vayigash | שירת הים Shirat haYam | shlepping | Song of the Sea | Sukkot Shabbat Hol haMoed | supplementary hypothesis | the Camp | המשכן the Mishkan | the Plains of Moav | theophany | thirty-eight years later | tribes | וישלח Vayishlaḥ | xenophobia | ימי השובבים Yemei haShovavim | Yosef cycle | 8th century B.C.E. | 7th century B.C.E. | 6th century B.C.E. | 31st century A.M. | 33rd century A.M. | 34th century A.M. | 35th century A.M.

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פָּרָשַׁת בְּרֵאשִׁית | Parashat Bereshit (Genesis 1:1-6:8), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Bereishit, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת נֹחַ | Parashat Noaḥ (Genesis 6:9-11:32), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Noaḥ, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת לֶךְ־לְךָ | Parashat Lekh Lekha (Genesis 12:1-17:27), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Lekh Lekha, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת וַיֵּרָא | Parashat Vayera (Genesis 18:1-22:24), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayera, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת חַיֵּי שָׂרָה | Parashat Ḥayyei Sarah (Genesis 23:1-25:18), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Ḥayyei Sarah, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת וַיִּשְׁלַח | Parashat Vayishlaḥ (Genesis 32:4-36:43), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayishlaḥ, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת וַיֵּשֶׁב | Parashat Vayeshev (Genesis 37:1-40:23), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayeshev, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת מִקֵּץ | Parashat Miqets (Genesis 41:1-44:17), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayeshev, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת וַיִּגַּשׁ | Parashat Vayigash (Genesis 44:18-47:27), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayigash, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת וַיְחִי | Parashat Vayeḥi (Genesis 47:28-50:26), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Vayeḥi, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת שְׁמוֹת | Parashat Shemot (Exodus 1:1-6:1), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Shemot, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת בֹּא | Parashat Bo (Exodus 10:1-13:16), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'D2'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Bo, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת בְּשַׁלַּח | Parashat b’Shalaḥ (Exodus 13:17-17:16), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat B’shalaḥ, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת כִּי תִשָּׂא | Parashat Ki Tissa (Exodus 30:11-34:35), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Ki Tissa, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת נָשֹׂא | Parashat Naso (Numbers 4:21-7:89), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Naso, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת בְּהַעֲלֹתְךָ | Parashat b’ha-Alotekha (Numbers 8:1-12:16), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat b’Ha’alotekha, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת חֻקַּת | Parashat Ḥuqat (Numbers 19:1-22:1), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Ḥuqat, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת בָּלָק | Parashat Balaq (Numbers 22:2-25:9), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic kernel 'E'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'J'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'P'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Balaq, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .


📜 פָּרָשַׁת דְבָרִים | Parashat Devarim (Deuteronomy 1:1-3:22), color-coded according to its narrative layers

Contributed by: Tzemaḥ Yoreh, the Mesorah (TaNaKh), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'D1'), the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'D2'), Masoretic layer 'H', the Mesorah (Masoretic layer 'B'), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of parashat Devarim, distinguished according to the stratigraphic layers of its composition according to the Supplementary Hypothesis. . . .