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Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)

Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש בית אלהים‎, also known as Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, or more simply Congregation Beth Elohim), founded in 1749 in Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the oldest Jewish congregations in the United States. The founding members of the synagogue were Jews of Spanish and Portuguese descent (Sepharadim), who arrived into Charleston via London, England. Before 1830 Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim was a place of worship for Spanish and Portuguese Jews using Portuguese rituals as done in Portugal before the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. A splinter group animated by the European Reform movement, the Reformed Society of Israelites, formed in 1824. While at first this group did not succeed in reforming Beth Elohim, by the mid 1830s Beth Elohim had reabsorbed its members and its ḥazzan, Gustavus Poznanski (1804–1879), joined the Reform camp in 1840. After the first synagogue building was destroyed by fire in 1838, it was rebuilt two years afterward (in a Greek Revival style designed by Cyrus L. Warner) with an organ to the chagrin of the traditionalists. Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim is recognized as the oldest Reform Jewish congregation in the Americas.

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With Grateful Hearts of Song and Praise, a “School Hymn” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Moritz Mayer, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“With grateful hearts of song and praise” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer, published in 1856, appears under the subject “School Hymns” as Hymn 209 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), pp. 208-209. . . .


Oh! Fill our Hearts, Almighty King! – a “School Hymn” (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Oh! fill our hearts, Almighty King” by an unknown author, published in 1856, appears under the subject “School Hymns” as Hymn 208 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), p. 208. . . .


Almighty God! We Pray to Thee – a “School Hymn” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Moritz Mayer, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Almighty God! we pray to Thee,” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer, published in 1856, appears under the subject “School Hymns” as Hymn 210 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), p. 209. . . .


Rejoice in God, Our Mighty Rock – a hymn for Shavuot by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Moritz Mayer, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Rejoice in God, our mighty Rock,” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer, published in 1856, appears under the subject “Pentecost” as Hymn 203 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), pp. 200-201. . . .


God Dwells in Light! – a hymn for Ḥanukkah by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Moritz Mayer, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“God dwells in light!,” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer, published in 1856, appears under the subject “Feast of Dedication” (i.e. Ḥanukkah) as Hymn 193 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), pp. 188-189. . . .


O God! Today Our Joyful Song of Praise – a hymn for Purim by Rabbi Moritz Mayer (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Moritz Mayer, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“O God! To-day our joyful song of praise,” by Rabbi Moritz Mayer, published in 1856, appears under the subject “Feast of Esther” as Hymn 196 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), pp. 191-192. . . .


Father of Nations! Judge Divine! – a hymn on “Our Country” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Father of nations! Judge divine!” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1856, and appears under the subject of “Our Country” as Hymn 149 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), pp. 144-146. . . .


Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, Charleston, South Carolina 1856)

Contributed by: Penina Moïse, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)

The first prayerbook largely composed by a Jewish woman and the first prayerbook compiled by a Jewish woman in the United States. . . .


Arise! Let the Souls of the Hebrews Rejoice, a hymn for Ḥanukkah by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1856)

Contributed by: Cordelia Moïse Cohen, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Arise! let the souls of the Hebrews rejoice,” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), appears under the subject “Feast of Dedication” as Hymn 194 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), p. 189. . . .


We Bring Not to Our Holy Shrine, a hymn for Shavuot by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“We bring not to our holy shrine,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Pentecost (Shabbungote)” as Hymn 71 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 74-75. . . .


Lift, Lift the Voice of Praise on High – a hymn on “Devotion” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Lift, lift the voice of praise on high,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Devotion” as Hymn 20 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 24-25. . . .


The Sun Shines On With Glorious Light, a hymn on Divine Providence in Relation to Israel by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Cordelia Moïse Cohen, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“The sun shines on with glorious light,” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), first published in 1842, appears under the subject of “Divine Providence in Relation to Israel” as Hymn 9 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 14. . . .


Refreshed By Sleep, That Sovereign Balm – a hymn on “Morning” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Refresh’d by sleep, that sov’reign balm” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Morning” as Hymn 48 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 51-52. . . .


Remember Man While Thou Art Young, a hymn on “Religion in Early Life” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Remember man while thou art young,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Religion in Early Life” as Hymn 18 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 22. . . .


God Supreme! To Thee I Pray, a hymn on “Submission to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“God Supreme! to thee I pray,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Submission to the Will of God” as Hymn 32 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 35-36. . . .


Here At This Temple’s Holy Shrine, a hymn on Devotion by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Cordelia Moïse Cohen, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Here at this temple’s holy shrine,” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), published in 1842, appears under the subject “Devotion” as Hymn 21 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 25. . . .


Naḥamu (Comfort Ye!), a hymn by J.C.L. (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Naḥamu (Comfort Ye!),” by J.C.L., published in 1842, appears as Hymn 2 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 7. . . .


Mournfully Chant! For Our Choir Accords – a hymn for Tishah b’Av by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Penina Moïse, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“Mournfully chant! for our choir accords,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Commemoration of the Destruction of Jerusalem (Tishnga Beab)” as Hymn 74 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 77. . . .


When Morning Paints the Eastern Sky, a hymn on the Immortality of the Soul by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Cordelia Moïse Cohen, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“When morning paints the eastern sky,” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Immortality of the Soul” as Hymn 54 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 57. That page is missing in the one copy of the first edition we know to exist. Thankfully, the hymn appears under the same subject as Hymn 40 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), p. 44. . . .


I Will Extol Thee My King! (Psalms 145), a hymn on Divine Mercy by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by: Cordelia Moïse Cohen, Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina), Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

“I will extol Thee, my King! (Psalms 145)” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Divine Mercy” as Hymn 12 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 17. . . .