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Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)

Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש בית אלהים‎, also known as Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, or more simply Congregation Beth Elohim), founded in 1749 in Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the oldest Jewish congregations in the United States. The founding members of the synagogue were Jews of Spanish and Portuguese descent (Sepharadim), who arrived into Charleston via London, England. Before 1830 Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim was a place of worship for Spanish and Portuguese Jews using Portuguese rituals as done in Portugal before the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. A splinter group animated by the European Reform movement, the Reformed Society of Israelites, formed in 1824. While at first this group did not succeed in reforming Beth Elohim, by the mid 1830s Beth Elohim had reabsorbed its members and its ḥazzan, Gustavus Poznanski (1804–1879), joined the Reform camp in 1840. After the first synagogue building was destroyed by fire in 1838, it was rebuilt two years afterward (in a Greek Revival style designed by Cyrus L. Warner) with an organ to the chagrin of the traditionalists. Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim is recognized as the oldest Reform Jewish congregation in the Americas.

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Why Mourneth Zion’s Daughter Now, a hymn for Tishah b’Av by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Why mourneth Zion’s daughter now,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Commemoration of the Destruction of Jerusalem (Tishnga Beab)” as Hymn 72 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 75-76. . . .


It is the Solemn Sabbath Day, a hymn for Shabbat by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“It is the solemn Sabbath day,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Sabbath” as Hymn 55 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 57-58. . . .


Fear Not Fear Not Jeshurun (Isaiah 44), a hymn on Divine Providence in Relation to Israel by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Fear not, fear not, Jeshurun (Isaiah, Chap. XLIV),” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of “Divine Providence in Relation to Israel” as Hymn 10 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 15-16. . . .


Oh King of Glory When We Contemplate, a hymn on Divine Mercy by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh King of Glory! when we contemplate,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of “Divine Mercy” as Hymn 15 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 19-20. . . .


Let Us to Prayer! It is the Holy Time – a hymn for Shavuot by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Let us to prayer! it is the holy time,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Pentecost (Shabbungote)” as Hymn 70 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 73-74. . . .


Winter, a hymn on “Immortality of the Soul” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Winter (Oh! sad is nature’s aspect now)” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Winter” as Hymn 51 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 53-54. . . .


Praise Ye the Lord! For it is Good (Psalms 150), a hymn on “Praise and Thanksgiving” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Praise ye the Lord! for it is good (Psalms CL),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Praise and Thanksgiving” as Hymn 43 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 46-47. . . .


Let the Lord Be Ever Praised! – a hymn on “Praise and Thanksgiving” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Let the Lord be ever praised!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Praise and Thanksgiving” as Hymn 47 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 50-51. . . .


Oh! Thou in Whom the Power Dwells, a hymn on “Submission to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh! thou in whom the power dwells,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Submission to the Will of God” as Hymn 36 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 39-40. . . .


Oh! That on Morning’s Dewy Wings, a hymn on “Submission to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh! that on morning’s dewy wings,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Submission to the Will of God” as Hymn 33 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 36. . . .


Though Sorrows May be Multiplied, a hymn on “Obedience to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Though sorrows may be multiplied,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Obedience to the Will of God” as Hymn 27 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 30-31. . . .


Oh! Thou Whose Shrine the Sweetest Incense Bears, a hymn on “Charity” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh! thou, whose shrine the sweetest incense bears,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Charity” as Hymn 37 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 40-41. . . .


The Lord a Watchful Guardian Reigns, a hymn on “Evening” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“The Lord a watchful guardian reigns” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Evening” as Hymn 49 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 52-53. . . .


In God, the Holy, Wise, and Just – a hymn on Omniscience by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“In God, the holy, wise, and just,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of Omniscience as Hymn 6 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 11-12. . . .


Glory to God! Whose Outstretched Hand – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Glory to God! whose outstretched hand,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Passover (Pasach)” as Hymn 69 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 72-73. . . .


God of the Earth, the Air, the Sea – a hymn for Pesaḥ by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“God of the earth, the air, the sea,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Passover (Pasach)” as Hymn 68 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 71-72. . . .


Great Arbiter of human fate! – a hymn for Ḥanukkah by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Great Arbiter of human fate!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Feast of Dedication (Hanuccah)” as Hymn 66 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 69-70. . . .


Let Choral Songs of Gladness Flow, a hymn on Revelation by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Let choral songs of gladness flow,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject “Revelation” as Hymn 16 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 20-21. . . .


How Desolate Thy Fields and Vales, a hymn for Sukkot by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“How desolate thy fields and vales,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Tabernacles (Sucote)” as Hymn 64 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 66-67. . . .


Lord! When I Hear Thy Holy Law, a hymn on Divine Law by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Lord! when I hear Thy holy law,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject “Divine Law” as Hymn 17 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 21-22. . . .