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Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)

Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש בית אלהים‎, also known as Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, or more simply Congregation Beth Elohim), founded in 1749 in Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the oldest Jewish congregations in the United States. The founding members of the synagogue were Jews of Spanish and Portuguese descent (Sepharadim), who arrived into Charleston via London, England. Before 1830 Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim was a place of worship for Spanish and Portuguese Jews using Portuguese rituals as done in Portugal before the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. A splinter group animated by the European Reform movement, the Reformed Society of Israelites, formed in 1824. While at first this group did not succeed in reforming Beth Elohim, by the mid 1830s Beth Elohim had reabsorbed its members and its ḥazzan, Gustavus Poznanski (1804–1879), joined the Reform camp in 1840. After the first synagogue building was destroyed by fire in 1838, it was rebuilt two years afterward (in a Greek Revival style designed by Cyrus L. Warner) with an organ to the chagrin of the traditionalists. Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim is recognized as the oldest Reform Jewish congregation in the Americas.

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When Light Broke Forth at God’s Command (Genesis 9:13), a hymn on Divine Mercy by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“When light broke forth at God’s command (Genesis, Chap. IX. v. 13)” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of Divine Mercy as Hymn 14 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 18. . . .


Lord of the World! When I Behold – a hymn for Yom Kippur by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Lord of the world! when I behold ,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Day of Atonement (Yome Hakipureem)” as Hymn 63 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 64-65. . . .


Rude are the Tabernacles Now, a hymn for Hoshana Rabbah by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Rude are the Tabernacles now,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Tabernacles (Sucote)” as Hymn 65 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 67-68. . . .


He spoke and Thro’ the Gloom Profound, a hymn for Shabbat by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Cordelia Moïse Cohen | Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“He spoke and thro’ the gloom profound,” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Sabbath” as Hymn 56 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 58. . . .


Oh! How Shall Man With God Contend (Job 9), a hymn on “Obedience to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh! how shall man with God contend (Job Chap. IX),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Obedience to the Will of God” as Hymn 28 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 31-32. . . .


Morn breaks upon Moriah’s height! – a hymn for Rosh haShanah by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Morn breaks upon Moriah’s height!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “New Year (Roshe Hashannah)” as Hymn 60 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 61-62. . . .


O’er All This Wide and Beauteous Earth, a hymn on Divine Mercy by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Cordelia Moïse Cohen | Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“O’er all this wide and beauteous earth” by Cordelia Moïse Cohen (1809-1869), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Divine Mercy” as Hymn 13 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 17-18. . . .


With Rapture I Behold the Light, a hymn for Shabbat by Gershon Lazarus (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Gershon Lazarus | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“With Rapture I Behold the Light,” by Gershon Lazarus (1809-1869), published in 1842, appears under the subject “Sabbath” as Hymn 58 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 60. . . .


Rebuke Me Not Nor Chasten Me (Psalms 38), a hymn on “Confidence in God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Rebuke me not, nor chasten me (Psalm XXXVIII),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Confidence in God” as Hymn 29 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 32-33. . . .


Almighty God Whose Will Alone (Genesis 16:13), a hymn on Omniscience by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Almighty God! whose will alone (Genesis, Chap. XVI, v. 13),” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of “Omniscience” as Hymn 7 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 12-13. . . .


How Long Will Man In Pleasure Merged, a hymn on “Piety” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“How long will man in pleasure merged,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Piety” as Hymn 25 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 28-29. . . .


How Cold That Man! To Faith How Dead! – a hymn on Divine Providence by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“How cold that man! to faith how dead!” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject “Divine Providence” as Hymn 8 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 13-14. . . .


Wo Unto Zion! She is Spoiled – a hymn for Tishah b’Av by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Wo unto Zion! she is spoiled,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Commemoration of the Destruction of Jerusalem (Tishnga Beab)” as Hymn 73 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 76-77. . . .


Man of the World! Wilt Thou Not Pause, a hymn on “Piety” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Man of the world! wilt thou not pause,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Piety” as Hymn 26 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 29-30. . . .


Source of Mercy, Truth and Grace! – a hymn for Shabbat by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Source of Mercy, truth and grace!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Sabbath” as Hymn 57 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 59-60. . . .


Why Mourneth Zion’s Daughter Now, a hymn for Tishah b’Av by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Why mourneth Zion’s daughter now,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Commemoration of the Destruction of Jerusalem (Tishnga Beab)” as Hymn 72 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 75-76. . . .


It is the Solemn Sabbath Day, a hymn for Shabbat by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“It is the solemn Sabbath day,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Sabbath” as Hymn 55 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 57-58. . . .


Fear Not Fear Not Jeshurun (Isaiah 44), a hymn on Divine Providence in Relation to Israel by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Fear not, fear not, Jeshurun (Isaiah, Chap. XLIV),” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of “Divine Providence in Relation to Israel” as Hymn 10 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 15-16. . . .


Oh King of Glory When We Contemplate, a hymn on Divine Mercy by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh King of Glory! when we contemplate,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject of “Divine Mercy” as Hymn 15 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 19-20. . . .


Let Us to Prayer! It is the Holy Time – a hymn for Shavuot by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Let us to prayer! it is the holy time,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Pentecost (Shabbungote)” as Hymn 70 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 73-74. . . .