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Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina)

Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Hebrew: קהל קדוש בית אלהים‎, also known as Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, or more simply Congregation Beth Elohim), founded in 1749 in Charleston, South Carolina, is one of the oldest Jewish congregations in the United States. The founding members of the synagogue were Jews of Spanish and Portuguese descent (Sepharadim), who arrived into Charleston via London, England. Before 1830 Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim was a place of worship for Spanish and Portuguese Jews using Portuguese rituals as done in Portugal before the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions. A splinter group animated by the European Reform movement, the Reformed Society of Israelites, formed in 1824. While at first this group did not succeed in reforming Beth Elohim, by the mid 1830s Beth Elohim had reabsorbed its members and its ḥazzan, Gustavus Poznanski (1804–1879), joined the Reform camp in 1840. After the first synagogue building was destroyed by fire in 1838, it was rebuilt two years afterward (in a Greek Revival style designed by Cyrus L. Warner) with an organ to the chagrin of the traditionalists. Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim is recognized as the oldest Reform Jewish congregation in the Americas.

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O! Thou Possest of Health and Bloom, a hymn on “Immortality of the Soul” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“O! thou possest of health and bloom” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Immortality of the Soul” as Hymn 52 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 54-55. . . .


My Heart is Bared to Thee, Oh Lord – a hymn for Yom Kippur by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“My heart is bared to thee, oh Lord,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Day of Atonement (Yome Hakipureem)” as Hymn 61 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 63-64. . . .


O Uncreated Holy One! – a hymn on Praise and Thanksgiving by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Caroline de Litchfield Harby | Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“O uncreated Holy One!” by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (ca.1800-1876), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Praise and Thanksgiving” as Hymn 46 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 49. . . .


Eternal, Almighty, Invisible God! – a hymn on “Praise and Thanksgiving” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Eternal, Almighty, Invisible God! ” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Praise and Thanksgiving” as Hymn 44 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 47-48. . . .


Spring, a hymn on “Immortality of the Soul” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Spring (Holy and everlasting one!)” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Immortality of the Soul” as Hymn 50 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 53. . . .


I Saw a Palace Proud and High (Proverbs 14:11), a hymn on “Charity” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“I saw a palace proud and high (Proverbs chap. XIV v. 11),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Charity” as Hymn 39 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 42-43. . . .


God of My Fathers! Merciful and Just, a hymn on the Immortality of the Soul by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Caroline de Litchfield Harby | Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“God of my fathers! merciful and just,” by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (ca.1800-1876), first published in 1842, appears under the subject “Immortality of the Soul” as Hymn 53 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 55. That page is missing in the one copy of the first edition we know to exist. Thankfully, the hymn appears under the same subject as Hymn 39 in Hymns Written for the Use of Hebrew Congregations (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1856), p. 43. . . .


Draw Nigh, Lord! Unto My Soul, a hymn on “Submission to the Will of God” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Draw nigh, Lord! unto my soul,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Submission to the Will of God” as Hymn 34 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 37. . . .


Descend Into Thyself, My Soul! – a hymn on “Self-Examination” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Descend into thyself, my soul!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Self-Examination” as Hymn 22 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 26-27. . . .


Oh! Turn At Meek Devotion’s Call, a hymn on “Piety” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Oh! turn at meek devotion’s call,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Piety” as Hymn 24 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 28. . . .


Unless the Land Where Ye Abide (Psalms 127), a hymn on Divine Providence in Relation to Israel by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Unless the land where ye abide (Psalm CXXVII),” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject “Divine Providence in Relation to Israel” as Hymn 11 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 16. . . .


The Lord of Heaven Reigns, a hymn on Omnipotence by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“The Lord of Heaven reigns,” by Penina Moïse, was published in 1842, and appears under the subject “Omnipotence” as Hymn 5 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 10. . . .


We Bless Thee, Oh Lord! As the Bountiful Source – a hymn on “Praise and Thanksgiving” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“We bless thee, oh Lord! as the bountiful source” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Praise and Thanksgiving” as Hymn 45 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 48-49. . . .


When I Remember, My God! (Exodus 20:13), a hymn on “Filial Love” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“When I remember, my God! (Exodus chap. XX v. 13),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Filial Love” as Hymn 40 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 43-44. . . .


Eternal Love is Thine, a hymn for Yom Kippur by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Caroline de Litchfield Harby | Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Eternal love is Thine,” by Caroline de Litchfield Harby (ca.1800-1876), first publishedin 1842, appears under the subject “Day of Atonement: Yom HaKippureem” as Hymn 62 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 64. . . .


Return, Oh Lord! and Let Me Be (Job 29), a hymn on “Charity” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Return, oh Lord! and let me be (Job chap. XXIX),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Charity” as Hymn 38 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 41-42. . . .


Blest is the Bond of Wedded Love, a hymn on “Matrimonial Love” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Blest is the bond of wedded love,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Matrimonial Love” as Hymn 42 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 45-46. . . .


Almighty God! Thy Special Grace – a hymn for Purim by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Almighty God! Thy special grace,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Feast of Esther (Pureem)” as Hymn 67 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 70-71. . . .


When Faith Too Young for a Sublimer Creed, a hymn by Penina Moïse for the consecration of her synagogue (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This hymn for the 1842/5601 consecration of Congregation Beth Elohim by Penina Moïse, and was published that year as Hymn 1 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 5-6. . . .


Lord! What is Man That Thou Should’st Take (Psalms 144), a hymn on “Religious Education of Israel’s Youth” by Penina Moïse (Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim 1842)

Contributed by Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) | Penina Moïse | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Lord! what is man, that thou should’st take (Psalm CXLIV),” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “Religious Education of Israel’s Youth” as Hymn 19 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), p. 23. . . .