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	<title>Mordechai Torczyner • the Open Siddur Project ✍ פְּרוֺיֶקְט הַסִּדּוּר הַפָּתוּחַ</title>
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	<title>Mordechai Torczyner • the Open Siddur Project ✍ פְּרוֺיֶקְט הַסִּדּוּר הַפָּתוּחַ</title>
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		<title>How to Annotate Your Siddur (sourcesheet), by Rabbi Mordechai Torczyner</title>
		<link>https://opensiddur.org/prayers/praxes/davvening/on-using-siddurim-a-sourcesheet-by-mordechai-torczyner/</link>
					<comments>https://opensiddur.org/prayers/praxes/davvening/on-using-siddurim-a-sourcesheet-by-mordechai-torczyner/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mordechai Torczyner]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Dec 2011 11:12:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Pedagogical Essays on Jewish Prayer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Davvening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[כוונות kavvanot]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://opensiddur.org/?p=4157</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Some rabbinic sourcetexts related to the topic of how to write in your siddur, shared with translations by Rabbi Mordechai Torczyner.]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<th id="x" style="text-align: right;">Source (Hebrew)</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Translation (English)</th>
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
<p></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<h3>Why use a siddur</h3>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
נתפלל ומצא עצמו בשומע תפילה חזקה כוין&#8230; א&#8221;ר חייא רובא אנא מן יומיי לא כיונית אלא חד זמן בעי מכוונה והרהרית בלבי ואמרית מאן עליל קומי מלכא קדמי ארקבסה אי ריש גלותא שמואל אמר אנא מנית אפרוחיא רבי בון בר חייא אמר אנא מנית דימוסיא א&#8221;ר מתניה אנא מחזק טיבו לראשי דכד הוה מטי מודים הוא כרע מגרמיה<br />
</span></td>
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talmud_Yerushalmi">Talmud Yerushalmi</a>,<span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_1');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_1');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_1" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[1]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_1" class="footnote_tooltip"> circa 350-400 CE&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp; Berakhot 2:4</p>
<p>One who prays [the <em>Amidah</em>] and finds himself at <em>shomeia tefillah</em> may assume he had proper intent… Rabi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyya_the_Great">Ḥiyya the Great</a> said: I never concentrated properly; once I tried to concentrate, and then I began to wonder who goes before the king first, the officer or the exilarch. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_of_Nehardea">Shmuel</a> said: I count clouds [other manuscripts: birds]. Rabi Bun bar Ḥiyya said: I count bricks. Rabi Matniyah said: I am grateful to my head, for when I reach <em>Modim</em> it bows on its own!
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
הברכות אע&#8221;פ שיש בהן מאותות השם ומענינות הרבה שבתורה אין מצילין אותן אבל נשרפין במקומן מכן אמרו כותבי ברכות כשורפי תורה
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosefta">Tosefta</a><span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_2');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_2');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_2" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[2]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_2" class="footnote_tooltip"> circa 220 CE&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp; Shabbat 13:4</p>
<p>Even though blessings contain the letters of the Name and many matters of Torah, one may not save them; they are burned where they are. Therefore they said: Those who write blessings are as those who burn Torah.
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
תפלות הפרקים כגון תפלת מוסף ראש חדש ותפלת מועדות צריך להסדיר תפלתו ואחר כך עומד ומתפלל כדי שלא יכשל בה
</div>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_ben_Maimon">Rambam</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishneh_Torah">Mishneh Torah</a> (c. 1180 CE), Hilkhot Tefilah 4:19</p>
<p>One must arrange his prayer for special occasions, such as <em>Musaf</em> for <em>Rosh Ḥodesh</em> and prayers of holidays, and then stand and pray, so that he will not stumble.
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ויש קהלות כותבין על קלף סידור מיוחד לש&#8221;ץ להתפלל מתוכו ונכון הוא, וראוי אף ליחיד להתפלל מתוך הסידור&#8230;‏
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ben_Meir_Teomim">Pri Megadim</a>,<span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_3');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_3');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_3" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[3]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_3" class="footnote_tooltip"> Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ben_Meir_Teomim"> Joseph ben Meir Teomim</a> (1727–1792)&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp; on Orakh Chaim 53 Mishbetzot Zahav 15</p>
<p>In some communities they write a special siddur for the ḥazan to use, and this is appropriate; it is appropriate even for individuals to pray from a siddur…
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
מותר לאחוז מחזור תפלות בידו בשעה שמתפלל הואיל ותופס לצורך תפלה עצמה לא טריד&#8230;‏
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulkhan_Arukh">Shulḥan Arukh: Oraḥ Ḥayim</a> 96:2</p>
<p>One may hold a book of prayers in his hand when praying; he will not be distracted since he holds it for prayer…
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
<p></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<h3>Our problems: Fixed text; Blob of text; Familiarity</h3>
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
רבי אליעזר אומר העושה תפלתו קבע אין תפלתו תחנונים
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah">Mishnah</a><span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_4');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_4');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_4" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[4]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_4" class="footnote_tooltip"> circa 220 CE&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp; Berakhot 4:4</p>
<p>Rabi Eliezer said: One who makes his prayer &#8216;fixed&#8217; – his prayer is not a proper plea.
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
שלש עבירות אין אדם ניצול מהן בכל יום הרהור עבירה ועיון תפלה ולשון הרע. לשון הרע סלקא דעתך אלא אבק לשון הרע
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud#Talmud_Bavli_.28Babylonian_Talmud.29">Talmud Bavli</a>, Bava Batra 164b-165a</p>
<p>One is not saved from three sins daily: Thoughts of immorality, examination of prayer, and [almost] harmful speech.
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
אם תתפלל בהנעת שפתיך ופניך אל הכותל ואתה חושב במקחך וממכרך&#8230; תהיה אז קרוב ממי שנאמר בהם, קרוב אתה בפיהם ורחוק מכליותיהם.‏
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_ben_Maimon">Rambam</a>, <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moreh_Nevuchim">Moreh Nevukhim</a></em> 3:51</p>
<p>Should you pray with movement of your lips and your face to the wall but think about your commerce… you will be close to those regarding whom it is written, &#8216;You are close to their mouths, but far from their innards.&#8217;
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
<p></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<h3>Writing in a siddur?</h3>
</td>
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<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ונמצא באחרונים שאף בחזרת הש&#8221;ץ נכון הוא שיהיה הסידור פתוח לפניו להיות אזניו פקוחות על מה שאומר הש&#8221;ץ
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a><span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_5');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_5');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_5" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[5]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_5" class="footnote_tooltip"> Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Kagan">Yisrael Meir Kagan</a> (aka the Chofetz Chaim, Poland, 1838–1933)&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp; 96:9</p>
<p>The <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acharonim">Aḥaronim</a></em> wrote that it is also appropriate to hold an open siddur during repetition of the <em>Amidah</em>, so that one&#8217;s ears will be open to that which the ḥazan says.
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
הבגדים המצויירים.. אין נכון להתפלל כנגדם, ואם יקרה לו להתפלל כנגד בגד או כותל מצויר, יעלים עיניו. הגה: ולכן אסור ג&#8221;כ לצייר ציורים בספרים שמתפללין בהן, שלא תתבטל הכוונה
</div>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;">
<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulkhan_Arukh">Shulḥan Arukh: Oraḥ Ḥayim</a> 90:23</p>
<p>One should not pray opposite clothes with designs… and if one happens to pray opposite a garment or wall with a picture, he should close his eyes.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_ben_Israel_Isserles">Rema</a><span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_6');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_4157_1('footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_6');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_6" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[6]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_6" class="footnote_tooltip"> Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_ben_Israel_Isserles"> Moses ben Israel Isserles</a> (1520-1572)&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_4157_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script>&nbsp;: Therefore, one may not draw pictures in the books from which we pray, lest that prevent concentration.
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<p>[On suggestions for writing in siddurim, Rabbi Torczyner adds]</p>
<blockquote><p>
Alternatives: <a href="http://lauramiller.typepad.com/lauramiller/2009/03/how-to-write-in-a-book.html">http://lauramiller.typepad.com/lauramiller/2009/03/how-to-write-in-a-book.html</a></p>
<p>Practical tips<br />
1. Mark phrases for special concentration<br />
2. Mark structural/poetic elements that provide greater meaning<br />
3. Add wake-up calls<br />
4. Mark lines requiring explanation<br />
5. Write in food for thought</p>
<p>Writing notes<br />
1. Pencil, small marks, change them regularly<br />
2. Spread marks throughout the various prayers<br />
3. Be ready to replace your siddur<br />
4. Don&#8217;t distract from the davening</p>
<p>In lieu of the Workshop, here are some examples of items I have marked in my current siddur:<br />
* Words and phrases for special concentration &#8211;<span class="hebrew" lang="heb-Hebr">ואהבת, באהבה, והשב את העבודה לדביר ביתך, ולעבדו בלבב שלם</span></p>
<p>* Poetic/structural elements &#8211; The imperatives in Mizmor l&#8217;Todah; The 3 types of Divine action requested in Al haTzaddikim; the theme-aligned sets of lines in Avinu Malkeinu; the two halves of Emes v&#8217;Emunah (across time / Yetzias Mitzrayim)</p>
<p>* Wake-up calls &#8211; Alerts for Shma, Morid haGeshem, Refa&#8217;einu</p>
<p>* Lines that require explanation &#8211; <span class="hebrew" lang="heb-Hebr">והושיענו למען שמך, שיבנה בית המקדש במהרה בימינו ותן חלקנו בתורתך</span></p>
<p>* Food for thought &#8211; Rav Kook&#8217;s explanation of <span class="hebrew" lang="heb-Hebr">בעל מלחמות זורע צדקות</span>, the two roles of Avinu and Malkeinu, the difference between a shofar and a nes in T&#8217;ka b&#8217;shofar.
</p></blockquote>
<hr />
<p>Thank you to Rabbi Mordechai Torczyner for graciously sharing his sourcesheet with translations of the source-texts above. These translations were originally published in a post, &#8220;Class: How to Write in Your Siddur&#8221; on Rabbi Torczyner&#8217;s blog, <a href="http://rechovot.blogspot.com/2011/11/class-how-to-write-in-your-siddur.html">The Rebbetzin&#8217;s Husband</a>, November 22, 2011. As an introduction Rabbi Torczyner explained,</p>
<blockquote><p>On Wednesday night [November 23rd, 2011] I&#8217;m delivering a shiur for women on &#8220;How to write in your siddur&#8221;, a development based on the blog posts that appear <a href="http://rechovot.blogspot.com/2009/12/why-use-siddur.html">here</a> and <a href="http://rechovot.blogspot.com/2011/10/write-in-your-siddur.html">here</a>.</p>
<p>Here is the majority of my source sheet, excluding passages which I&#8217;ll use for a &#8220;Writing Workshop&#8221;. [UPDATE: The audio of the session is now available <a href="http://www.yutorah.com/lectures/lecture.cfm/766018/Rabbi%20Mordechai%20Torczyner/How%20to%20write%20in%20your%20siddur">here</a>.]</p></blockquote>
<div class="speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container"> <div class="footnote_container_prepare"><p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_reference_container_label pointer" onclick="footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4157_1();">Notes</span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_reference_container_collapse_button" style="display: none;; display: none;" onclick="footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_4157_1();"></span></p></div> <div id="footnote_references_container_4157_1" style=""><table class="footnotes_table footnote-reference-container"><caption class="accessibility">Notes</caption> <tbody> 

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_1" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_1');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >1</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">circa 350-400 CE</td></tr>

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_2" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_2');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >2</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">circa 220 CE</td></tr>

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_3" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_3');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >3</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ben_Meir_Teomim"> Joseph ben Meir Teomim</a> (1727–1792)</td></tr>

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_4" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_4');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >4</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">circa 220 CE</td></tr>

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_5" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_5');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >5</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisrael_Meir_Kagan">Yisrael Meir Kagan</a> (aka the Chofetz Chaim, Poland, 1838–1933)</td></tr>

<tr class="footnotes_plugin_reference_row"> <th scope="row" id="footnote_plugin_reference_4157_1_6" class="footnote_plugin_index pointer" onclick="footnote_moveToAnchor_4157_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_4157_1_6');"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="footnote_plugin_link" >6</a></th> <td class="footnote_plugin_text">Rabbi <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_ben_Israel_Isserles"> Moses ben Israel Isserles</a> (1520-1572)</td></tr>

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