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Sometimes the best we can do in attributing a historical work is to indicate the period and place it was written, the first prayer book it may have been printed in, or the archival collection in which the manuscript was found. We invite the public to help to attribute all works to their original composers. If you know something not mentioned in the commentary offered, please leave a comment or contact us.

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Shearith Israel | ba'alei ḥayyim | ecoḥasid | in the merit of Raḥel | in the merit of Yitsḥaq | Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus | naḥshon ben aminadav | Neḥemyah | Noaḥide covenant | Nusaḥ Anglia | Nusaḥ Ashkenaz | nusaḥ baladi | Nusaḥ Cochin | Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin | Nusaḥ Erets Yisrael | Nusaḥ Farsi | Nusaḥ Ha-Ari z"l | Nusaḥ Italḳi | Nusaḥ Roma | Nusaḥ Romaniote | Nusaḥ Sefaradi | Nusaḥ Šingli | Nusaḥ TsaHaL | Oḥilah la'El | paraliturgical birkat haḥodesh | paraliturgical teḥinot | petiḥah | prayers of ḳabbalists | prayers of the shaliaḥ tsibbur | pre-Pesaḥ | Psalms 1 | Raḥav | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | 2nd century B.C.E. | 2nd century C.E. | King Charles Ⅲ | King George Ⅱ | King William Ⅳ | Psalms 2 | Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ | World War Ⅰ | World War Ⅱ | 3rd century C.E. | 5th century C.E. | אברא כדברא abra k'davra | אדון הסליחות Adon haSeliḥot | אדון עולם Adon Olam | אדיר במלוכה Adir Bimlukhah | אדיר הוא Adir Hu | אהבה רבה ahavah rabbah | אהבת ישראל loving Yisrael | אהבת עולם ahavat olam | אושפיזין ushpizin | אושפיזתא Ushpizata | אז ישיר Az Yashir | אחד מי יודע eḥad mi yode'a | אין אדיר Ayn Adir | אין כאלהינו Ein kEloheinu | אלהינו שבשמים Elohenu Shebashamayim | אלהי נשמה Elohai neshamah | אליהו הנביא Eliyahu haNavi | אלי ציון Eli Tsiyon | אל אדון el adon | אל מלא רחמים El Malé Raḥamim | אל שמר El Shemor | אל תירא al tira | אמת ויציב emet v'yatsiv | אנא בכח Ana b'Khoaḥ | ארץ ישראל Erets Yisrael | אשמנו Ashamnu | אשרי Ashrei | אשת חיל eshet ḥayil | בהמות behemot | במה מדליקין bameh madliqin | בענטשן bentshn | בקשות Baqashot | ברוך שאמר barukh she'amar | ברית brit | ברכות השחר birkhot hashaḥar | ברכות brakhot | ברכת גאל ישראל birkat ga'al yisrael | ברכת הבית birkat habayit | ברכת המזון birkat hamazon | גלגול נפשות gilgul nefashot | געולה ge'ulah (redemption) | גשם geshem | דיינו Daiyenu | האל בתעצימות ha-El b'taatsumōt | ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah | הוצאת ספר תורה Removal of the Torah from the Ark | היום תאמצנו Hayom T'amtsenu | הכל יודוך hakol yodukha | הללו־יה hallelu-yah | המזבח the Mizbe'aḥ | המקבים Maccabees | המשכן the Mishkan | הנותן תשועה haNotén Teshuah | הנני hineni | הקפה ד׳ fourth haḳafah | השואה the Shoah | השכיבנו hashkivenu | ובמקהלות uvMaqhalot | ויברך דויד Vayivarekh David | וידוים viduyim | וידוי vidui | ונתנה תקף unetaneh toqef | זמירות zemirot | זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah | חבּ״ד ḤaBaD Lubavitch | חבקוק Ḥabaquq | חג הבנות Ḥag HaBanot | חד גדיא Ḥad Gadya | חזנות ḥazzanut | חסידים ḥassidim | חסידי אשכנז Ḥasidei Ashkenaz | חצי קדיש ḥatsi ḳaddish | חתימות ḥatimot (concluding prayers) | טהרה taharah | טל tal | יובל Yovel Jubilee | יוצר אור yotser ohr | יזכור yizkor | יחוד yiḥud | יצחק Yitsḥaq | ירושלם Jerusalem | ישראל Yisrael | ישתבח Yishtabaḥ | כבוד kavod | כוונות kavvanot | כפרות kaparot | לוח lu'aḥ | למנציח Lamnatse'aḥ | למענך l'maankha | מגילת אסתר Megillat Esther | מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael | מה נאכל בסעודה הזו mah nokhal baseudah hazo | מזמור Mizmor | מי שברך mi sheberakh | מי שענה Mi She’anah | מנחה Minḥah | 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אֶחָד מִי יוֹדֵעַ | Eḥad Mi Yode’a :: Who Knows One?, a counting song in Hebrew and Yiddish (Prague Haggadah, 1526)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The text of the popular Passover song “Who Knows One?” in its original Hebrew and Yiddish, with a translation in English. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא |   | Min Yacincë (מִן יַקִינְקֶי) — a Judeo-Quenya translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout Arda, and in many communities it was read in translation. This translation into Quenya is necessary for any good Lothlórien sedarim. But to be serious, Quenya was one of several languages developed by J.R.R. Tolkien. It serves as the sacred ancestral language of the Noldorin elves in the Middle-Earth legendarium. The editor here has developed this adaptation of the well-known seder table-song Ḥad Gadya into Quenya, as well as a home-brewed transcription system into Hebrew script included here (PDF | ODT). This translation uses several fan-made terms, such as cuimacir for “butcher” and luhtya- for “extinguish”, as well as one original neologism, yacincë for “kid-goat.” . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Mēre Hobritsos (מֵײרֶע הוֹבְּרִיטְסוֹס) — a Judeo-Valyrian translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

This is the translation of Ḥad Gadya into Judeo-Valyrian with a Hebraicization schema for Valyrian by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Hād-ĕi Gădìyă (הַ֨דֵ֬י גַ֬דִ֖יַ֬א) — a Tărgŭn Bìyènlìyén Dì translation of Ḥad Gadya derived from an alternate timeline by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

In our timeline, the Kaifeng Jewish community had originally spoken Persian as their lingua franca, before adopting the Kaifeng dialect of Mandarin that their neighbors spoke. But just change a little and all of history could be different! This is a translation of Ḥad Gadya in a timeline where Judeo-Aramaic was a little more prevalent in eastern Persia all those years ago. In this timeline, instead of speaking Judeo-Persian before adopting Chinese, the Kaifeng Jews spoke Aramaic. And this dialect of Aramaic, like many other languages spoken in the greater Chinese cultural sphere, underwent tonogenesis! . . .


אונו קאַפּרידאָ | חַד גַּדְיָא | Unu Kaprido — an Esperanto translation of Ḥad Gadya by Erin Piateski (2010)

Contributed by Erin Piateski (translation) | Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A translation of Ḥad Gadya into Esperanto by Erin Piateski with a Hebraicization schema for Esperanto by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer. Piateski’s translation first appeared in her כוכב ירוק הגדה של פסח | Verda Stelo Hagado de Pesaĥo (2010). . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Un Kabritu (אוע קַאברִיטו) — a Papiamentu translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. The Caribbean island of Curaçao is home to the oldest Jewish community west of the Atlantic, and its local creole language of Papiamentu has substantial Jewish influence. This is a translation of Ḥad Gadya into Papiamentu, along with a transcription into Hebrew according to a new methodology for Papiamentu in Hebrew. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Un Kavritiko (און קאבﬞריטיקו) — a Judezmo (Ladino) translation of Ḥad Gadya

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A Judezmo/Ladino translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⵔⵓ | Yan ikru (יַאן יִכְּרוּ) — a Judeo-Berber translation of Ḥad Gadya

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A Judeo-Berber translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Йаке бузғола | Yake Buzghola (יַכֵּי בּוּזְגָאלַה) — a Judeo-Tajik translation of Ḥad Gadya by Rabbi Shimon ben Eliyahu Hakham (1904)

Contributed by Shimon ben Eliyahu Hakham | Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A Judeo-Tajik translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Бир Улакъ | Bir Ulaq (בִּיר אוּלָק) — a Qrımçah tılyı (Krymchak) translation of Ḥad Gadya by Rabbi Nisim haLevy Tsahtsir (1904)

Contributed by Nisim haLevy Tsahtsir | Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A Judeo-Tajik translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | ერთი თიკანი | Erti tiḳani (ארתי תיקהני) — a Čveneburuli translation of Ḥad Gadya by Tamari Lomtadze & Reuven Enoch

Contributed by Reuven Enoch (translation) | Tamari Lomtadze (translation) | Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) |

A Čveneburuli (Judeo-Georgian) translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Ένα κατσίκι | Éna katsíki (אֵנַה קַצִיקִי) — a Yevanic translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

A Yevanic (Judeo-Greek) translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


וַאחְדְ אזְדִיוַא | وحد الجديوة | חַד גַּדְיָא (Waaḥₔd ₔZdiwa) — a Judeo-Moroccan Arabic (Darija) adaptation of Ḥad Gadya

Contributed by Unknown (translation) | Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

A Judeo-Moroccan Arabic (Darija) adaptation of the Passover seder song, Ḥad Gadya, as found in Mahzor Moȝadé Hashem. . . .


ואחד גׄדי | חַד גַּדְיָא (Waaḥid Jady) — a Judeo-Arabic translation of Ḥad Gadya (Baghdadi variation)

Contributed by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) | Unknown |

A Judeo-Arabic translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


🆕 חַד גַּדְיָא | Xa ʾƏza (כָא עֶזָא) — a Hulaulá (Trans-Zab/Sanandaj Judeo-Neo-Aramaic) translation of Ḥad Gadya

Contributed by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) | Unknown |

A translation of Ḥad Gadya into Hulaulá (Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic), the Aramaic dialect of the Jews of Sanandaj. Largely based on the translation of Alan Niku (found here), with a few minor changes, and with the transcription altered to the scholarly transcription of Geoffrey Khan in his analysis of the dialect. Also featuring a transcription into Hebrew script. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Ān Tiċċen (אָן טִקֵﬞן) — an Old English translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. Probably not this one though, since the earliest evidence of Jews in England dates back to 1070, by which point Middle English was already on its way to development. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | 𐌰𐌹𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 | Ain Gaitein (ען גּעטיִן) — a Gothic translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. Probably not this one, but who knows? While there’s no known community of Jews who spoke Gothic or any other East Germanic language, there certainly were Jews who came into contact with it, such as the communities of Crimea (where variants of Gothic continued to be spoken until the 18th century). In any case this translation of Ḥad Gadya follows the grammar of Wulfila’s 4th-century Gothic translations. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | ᛂᛁᚿᚿ᛫ᚴᛁᚧᛚᛁᚶᚱ᛬ | Einn Kiðlingr (עַין֘ קידֿלינגר) — an Old Norse translation of Ḥad Gadya by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Unknown | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. Probably not this one though, since there is very little evidence of any Jews having lived in the Nordic countries before the Spanish expulsion, long after the end of the Old Norse era. . . .


חַד גַּדְיָא | Unum hœdulum — a Latin translation of Ḥad Gadya by Johann Stephan Rittangel (1644)

Contributed by Johann Stephan Rittangel (Latin translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) | Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) |

A Latin translation of the popular Passover song, Ḥad Gadya. . . .


אחת סבום | 𐩱𐩢𐩩𐩽 𐩪𐩨𐩥𐩣𐩽 | חַד גַּדְיָא (ʔaħat sabawam) — a Sabaic translation of Ḥad Gadya, by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) | Unknown |

Ḥad Gadya has a place in Seder tables throughout the Jewish world, and in many communities it was read in translation. Probably not this one though, seeing as it was written almost a thousand years after the Sabaic language became extinct. But Sabaic, a South Semitic language somewhere between Arabic and Ge’ez, is worth studying for any Jewish scholar because of the light it sheds on the history of the Semitic languages and the Middle East as a whole. (Not to mention that it was a lingua franca of the Yemenite Jewish kingdom of Himyar!) This is a Sabaic translation, transcription, and hypothetical vocalization of Ḥad Gadya. . . .