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Exegetical Rules

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ברייתא דרבי ישמעאל | The Baraita of Rebbi Yishma’el: thirteen principles of halakhic exegesis (translated by Rabbi Ben-Zion Bokser)

The thirteen exegetical rules by which halakhot from the Torah may be derived, according to Rebbi Yishmael, included with the preliminary prayers before the Psukei d’Zimrah/Zemirot of Shaḥarit.

Categories:

Midrash Halakhah, Exegetical Rules

Tags:

2nd century C.E., 39th century A.M., Antiquity, hermeneutics

Contributor(s):

Ben-Zion Bokser, Yishmael ben Elisha and Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

ברכות לתלמוד תורה לפני תפלה | Blessings and Passages for Torah Study justifying prayer in place of sacrificial offerings in the Italian rite

The nusaḥ Italki (Italian rite) preserves a full curriculum of Torah study in advance of the morning prayers. Included are passages from the Torah, Mishnah, and Gemarah familiar to other nusḥaot. In the Italian rite, the blessings over Torah study and ensuing passages appear after all the other birkhot hashaḥar, concluding it and providing a bridge to liturgy preceding the Zemirot (a/k/a Pesuqei d’Zimra). What is remarkable in this tradition is how interlinked the blessing and recitation of these passages is to the otherwise separate and adjacent section concerning the sacrificial offerings in the Temple and the rules of halakhic exegesis in Rabbinic hermeneutics. While additional portions and verses are presented, the passages provide an explicit justification for the otherwise radical innovation carried forth in rabbinic Judaism to offer services of prayer in place of the services of the Temple cult, providing Hosea 14:3 as the authority to do so — a necessity in an age where the Torah mandated arrangements of animal sacrifices, incense and grain offerings, and wine libations remains otherwise interrupted.

Categories:

Birkhot haTorah, Incense and other Offerings, Exegetical Rules, Torah Study

Tags:

Italian Jewry, Minhag Roma, Nusaḥ Italḳi

Contributor(s):

Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Unknown

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ויהי נעם אדני אלהינו עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננה עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננהו׃ (תהלים צ:יז) · "May the pleasantness of אדֹני our elo’ah be upon us; may our handiwork be established for us — our handiwork, may it be established." (Psalms 90:17)

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