The text of the Betä ʾƎsəraʾel legend of the death of Moses, translated to Hebrew by Jacques Faïtlovitch, and vocalized, cantillated, and translated into English by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer. . . .
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Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Jacques Faïtlovitch (translation) and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ״ח במרחשון ה׳תש״פ (2019-11-26) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories:  Second Temple Period, Sheva b'Adar Readings
Tags:  mourning, English Translation, Mosheh Rabbenu, Hebrew translation, cemetery prayers, Beta Esrael, Ethiopian Jewry
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Morrison David Bial and Epictetus the Stoic
Shared on א׳ בתמוז ה׳תש״פ (2020-06-23) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period, Pedagogical Essays on Jewish Prayer
Tags: Antiquity, 1st century C.E., 39th century A.M., Stoicism 
A short discourse on the necessity for prayer by the Stoic philosopher, Epictetus. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Shem Tov ibn Shaprut (translation) and Mattai ben Alphaeus haLevi
Shared on כ״ג בשבט ה׳תשפ״א (2021-02-04) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: Classical Antiquity, 1st century C.E., 38th century A.M., התבודדות hitbodedut, Lord's Prayer, Needing Vocalization 
A rabbinic Hebrew translation of the “Lord’s Prayer.” . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Ralph Marcus (translation) and Titus Flavius Josephus
Shared on ג׳ בתשרי ה׳תשע״ט (2018-09-12) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Zero (CC 0) Universal license a Public Domain dedication Categories: Second Temple Period, Tsom Gedalyah Readings
Tags: assassination, 1st century C.E., 39th century A.M., Jewish Antiquities 
The story of Gedaliah as recorded by Josephus in his Jewish Antiquities. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Avraham Kahana (Hebrew translation) and Septuagint (translation/Greek)
Shared on כ״ג בכסלו ה׳תשפ״א (2020-12-09) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: apocryphal psalms, Psalms 151 
This is Psalms 151 as found in the Septuagint (LXX) in Greek translation (here offered with its translation into Hebrew by Avraham Kahana). The psalm as it is found in Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls is designated as Psalms 151a. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Unknown Author(s) and David haMelekh ben Yishai (traditional attribution)
Shared on כ״ה באייר ה׳תש״פ (2020-05-18) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: Antiquity, apocryphal psalms, Psalms 151, Judaean Desert Scrolls 
Psalm 151a is unlike any other psalm, because it is openly and clearly a description of David’s own life. He describes his childhood as the youngest of the family, and his anointing. It may have not been included as part of the Masoretic canon because this dissimilarity leads to just a whiff of pseudepigraphical overcompensation. [The psalm is designated Psalms 151a to destinguish it from the text of Psalms 151 found in the Septuagint. –ANV] . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) and Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)
Shared on י״ד במרחשון ה׳תשפ״א (2020-10-31) — under the following terms: Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: Antiquity, reconstructed text, apocryphal psalms, pseudepigrapha, Syriac, Psalms 152, Psalms 153 
Unlike Psalms 151, 154, and 155, the apocryphal psalms 152 and 153 were not found in the Judean Desert scrolls, but only in the Syriac psalter. It is thus somewhat uncertain if they were actually ever written in Hebrew or in Aramaic. But their language and content is in keeping with other late apocryphal psalms, so it seems very possible that they were of Hebrew origin. These reconstructed Hebrew texts are largely based on the work of Professor Emeritus Herrie (H. F.) van Rooy,[1] an expert in the Syriac psalter, also factoring in some input from the work of J. A. Sanders.[2] Psalms 152 and 153 are included together here because they are framed by the ascriptions as a pair — the former being David’s prayer before going against the wild beasts (see I Samuel 17:34-36), and the latter being David’s thanksgiving afterwards . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ״ה באייר ה׳תש״פ (2020-05-18) — under the following terms: Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: Antiquity, apocryphal psalms, Psalms 151, Judaean Desert Scrolls 
Psalm 154 seems to be a hymn of communal eating, very appropriate for the communal life of Qumran, but also features a very Proverbs-like anthropomorphization of Wisdom as a woman. Of the three apocryphal psalms recorded in the Dead Sea Scrolls, this one seems the most likely to have been written with sectarian intent, which may have been why it wasn’t included in the Masoretic canon. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation) and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ״ה באייר ה׳תש״פ (2020-05-18) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, Antiquity, apocryphal psalms, Psalms 151, Judaean Desert Scrolls 
Psalm 155 is an incomplete acrostic (the Dead Sea Scrolls text records it going from ב to נ, and the Syriac can be reconstructed to include up to פ) with similarities to petitionary psalms like Psalm 3, 22, and 143. It is unclear why it was not included in the Masoretic canon, but one can hazard a guess that it was just not familiar to the compilers. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) and Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)
Shared on י״ג באב ה׳תש״פ (2020-08-03) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, ציון Tsiyon, Classical Antiquity, Dead Sea Scrolls 
The Apostrophe to Zion is an alphabetical acrostic poem, directed at Zion in the second person. It has been found in multiple locations in Qumran, including the Great Psalms Scroll 11QPsa as well as another fragmentary scroll in 4Q88. It was considered a regular part of their psalmodic canon. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Jospeh Ziegler (translation), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Emmanuel Tov (Hebrew reconstruction), Septuagint (translation/Greek) and Barukh ben Neriyah
Shared on כ״ב בתמוז ה׳תש״פ (2020-07-14) — under the following terms: Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use) Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: 2nd century B.C.E., early Judaism, 37th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works 
The book of Barukh (also, Baruch and Barouch) in its reconstructed Hebrew vorlage from verse 1:1 till 3:8. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Jospeh Ziegler (translation), Septuagint (translation/Greek) and Barukh ben Neriyah
Shared on ט״ז בתמוז ה׳תשפ״א (2021-06-26) — under the following terms: Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use) Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: שבת נחמו Shabbat Naḥamu, 2nd century B.C.E., early Judaism, 37th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works, exile, wisdom 
The poetic portion of the deuterocanonical work, Barukh, in Greek with English translation. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) and Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira
Shared on י״א בסיון ה׳תש״פ (2020-06-03) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works, Ecclesiasticus, Jews of Alexandria, Cairo Geniza, reconstructed text, Dead Sea Scrolls 
The end of the scroll of Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus) reconstructed from Cairo Geniza fragments not contained within the Septuagint. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Paltiel Birnbaum (translation) and Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira
Shared on י״ט בתמוז ה׳תש״פ (2020-07-11) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works, Ecclesiasticus, Jews of Alexandria, wisdom, Cairo Geniza, מוסר mussar 
Selected verses from the book of ben Sira for a Seliḥot service . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Mordecai Kaplan and Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira
Shared on ט׳ באב ה׳תשע״ח (2018-07-21) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 International free-culture license Categories: Second Temple Period, Rosh Ḥodesh Readings
Tags: hymns of creation, פתיחות Petiḥot, 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works, Ecclesiasticus, Jews of Alexandria 
Ecclesiasticus (ben Sira) 42:21-43:31 is presented as “God the Lord of Nature” in The Sabbath Prayer Book of Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan (The Reconstructionist Foundation 1945), p. 376-372 in the Supplements subsection, “God in Nature.” The text of Ben Sira used here differs in places found in other manuscripts. . . . 
Contributor(s): Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) and Shimon ben Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira
Shared on כ״ז באייר ה׳תש״פ (2020-05-20) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period, Yom Kippur
Tags: 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, deuterocanonical works, Ecclesiasticus, Jews of Alexandria, Cairo Geniza, Mar'eh Kohen 
The poem lauding the ancestors from Chapters 44 to 50 of Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus) is considered by many scholars to be the original influence for the Yom Kippur Avodah service, and the paean to Shimon the Righteous bears a striking similarity to the beloved piyyut “Mar’eh Khohen.” This passage from Ben Sira, the great paean on the merit of the ancestors, takes the Hebrew text of one of the Cairo Geniza manuscripts — Bodleian MS Heb e62 — and versifies it according to the standard Septuagintal text, along with vocalization and cantillation per the standard Masoretic EMe”T system for poetic books. It could be read on Yom Kippur for the avodah service, or just studied as a fascinating piece of Jewish history. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Theodotion (translation/Greek) and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ׳ בטבת ה׳תש״פ (2020-01-16) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: anti-predatory, Antiquity, captives, deuterocanonical works, Jewish Antiquities, dragons, iconoclastic, the Pit, captive animals, קפיצת הדרך ḳfitsat haderekh 
The story of Bel and the Dragon according to the text of Theodotion, translated into biblical Hebrew. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Moses Gaster (translation), Yeraḥmiel ben Shlomo and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on ו׳ בשבט ה׳תש״פ (2020-01-31) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: anti-predatory, Antiquity, captives, deuterocanonical works, Jewish Antiquities, dragons, iconoclastic, the Pit, captive animals, קפיצת הדרך ḳfitsat haderekh, חבקוק Ḥabaquq 
The story of Daniel and the dragon held captive by the neo-Babylonians found in Aramaic in the Divrei Yeraḥmiel (the Chronicles of Jeraḥmeel, Oxford Bodleian Heb d.11). . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Moses Gaster (translation), Yeraḥmiel ben Shlomo and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on ו׳ בשבט ה׳תש״פ (2020-01-31) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: Aramaic, martyrdom, deuterocanonical works, Daniel 
The prayer of Azaryah and his song of praise with Ḥananyah, and Mishael from within the Furnace (also known as “the song of the three holy children”) found in Aramaic in the Divrei Yeraḥmiel (the Chronicles of Jeraḥmeel, Oxford Bodleian Heb d.11). . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Theodotion (translation/Greek) and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ׳ בטבת ה׳תש״פ (2020-01-16) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period
Tags: anti-predatory, Antiquity, sexual predation, deuterocanonical works, Jewish Antiquities 
The story of Shoshanah & the Elders, according to the text of Theodotion translated into Biblical Hebrew. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Jason of Cyrene and Unknown Author(s)
Shared on כ׳ בכסלו ה׳תשפ״א (2020-12-05) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period, Ḥanukkah Readings
Tags: kindling, Angels, Maccabees, combating anti-Jewish oppression, 2nd century B.C.E., 37th century A.M., Classical Antiquity, המזבח the Mizbe'aḥ, prayers for dedications and commissioning, Maccabean Revolt, נר תמיד ner tamid 
Selections from 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, and Pesiqta Rabbati which inform the story of Ḥanukkah: the desecration and re-dedication of the Temple (especially as it relates to Sukkot and the Brumalia), divine intervention in the Maccabean battles, and the Rekindling of the Sacred Fire. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Unknown Author(s) and Jason of Cyrene
Shared on י״ג באדר ב׳ ה׳תשע״ו (2016-03-22) — under the following terms: Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use) Categories: Second Temple Period, Megillot, Yom Niqanor Readings
Tags: military, ארץ ישראל Erets Yisrael, 2nd century B.C.E., 37th century A.M. 
It is challenging to think of how to mark Nicanor Day, as it remains at a disadvantage, not only on years when it conflicts with Ta’anit Esther but on all years since it has no mitzvot. This is probably the main reason that, unlike Chanukah and Purim, it was lost to Jewish practice for more than a thousand years. Nevertheless, we do have its megillah, which has been translated into Hebrew and English. Perhaps, if we start reading chapters 13-15 of 2 Maccabees, even just to ourselves, on the 13 of Adar, we can begin to resurrect a holiday that was celebrated and instituted by Judah Maccabee and his followers over two millennia ago, and which they envisioned would continue throughout Jewish History. With the return of Jews to Israel and Jewish sovereignty to Jerusalem, I believe it is about time. . . . 
Contributor(s): Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut) and Robert Henry Charles (translation)
Shared on ד׳ בכסלו ה׳תשפ״א (2020-11-19) — under the following terms: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International copyleft license Categories: Second Temple Period, Ḥanukkah Readings
Tags: anti-predatory, Ḥanokh, pre-rabbinic judaism, 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., mytho-historical chronicles, early Judaism, deuterocanonical works 
A mytho-historical chronicle of the story of humanity and Israel up until the Maccabean revolt depicted as a fable through a dream vision of Ḥanokh. . . . 
Contributor(s): Unknown Author(s)
Shared on י״ט בכסלו ה׳תשע״ו (2015-11-30) — under the following terms: Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use) Categories: Second Temple Period, Shavuot Readings
Tags: anti-predatory, pre-rabbinic judaism, 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., mytho-historical chronicles, early Judaism, deuterocanonical works, יובל Yovel Jubilee 
We are grateful to Dr. James VanderKam for preparing this critical text of the Book of Jubilees (Sefer Yubalim) in its Ge’ez translation in Ethiopic script. The book of Jubilees is an early Jewish deutero-canonical text originally written in Hebrew and composed during the Second Temple period sometime before the Maccabean struggle (164 BCE). . . .
Contributor(s): Unknown Author(s)
Shared on ז׳ באייר ה׳תשע״ח (2018-04-22) — under the following terms: Fair Use Right (17 U.S. Code §107 - Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use) Categories: Second Temple Period, Shavuot Readings
Tags: pre-rabbinic judaism, 2nd century B.C.E., 36th century A.M., mytho-historical chronicles, early Judaism, deuterocanonical works, יובל Yovel Jubilee
Continued from the book of Jubilees Chapters 1-23. The book of Jubilees is an early Jewish deuterocanonical text composed in Hebrew during the Second Temple period sometime before the Maccabean struggle (ca. 167 BCE). . . . |
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