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a community-grown, libre Open Access archive of Jewish prayer and liturgical resources — for those crafting their own prayerbooks and sharing the content of their practice
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a community-grown, libre Open Access archive of Jewish prayer and liturgical resources — for those crafting their own prayerbooks and sharing the content of their practice
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פיוטים piyyuṭim —⟶ tag: פיוטים piyyuṭim Sorted Chronologically (old to new). Sort most recent first? This is the piyyut “Kehoshata Elim (Savior of mighty ones…)” by Eleazar Kalir for the hoshanot on the second day of Sukkot, published in Adler and Davis’s Maḥzor for Sukkot, Avodat Ḥag ha-Sukkot (1908), pp. 144-145. Categories: Tags: Contributor(s): Many communities recite a series of poems interwoven with the Amidah on Purim. These poems, known as the “krovets,” were written by Elazar b. Rabbi Kalir, the greatest of the early paytanim. But lesser known than the krovets for Purim are the krovets for Tisha b’Av, written as well by Elazar b. Rabbi Kalir. A fine example of Elazar’s intricate poetry, the krovets for Tisha b’Av is rife with Biblical citations, finally culminating with the prayer for Jerusalem. Each stanza begins with five tightly rhymed lines beginning with a constant א followed by a quintuple half-acrostic on the second letter, then a poetic volta on the word אֵיכָה, followed by a Biblical citation, a verse starting with the last word in the citation, a letter from Elazar’s name, and a final Biblical citation. The krovets for Tisha b’Av is meant to be part of the morning service, tied into the cantorial repetition for Tisha b’Av. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Acrostic signature, Alphabetic Acrostic, עמידה amidah, קרובות ḳerovot, פיוטים piyyuṭim, Public Amidah, קינות Ḳinōt Contributor(s): The qinah, Eikh T’naḥamuni Hevel, in Hebrew with an English translation. Categories: Tags: Contributor(s): This anonymously authored ḳinah (קינה, song of “lamentation”) begins with the line “אוֹי נָא לָֽנוּ כִּי חָטָֽאנוּ” (oy na lanu ki ḥatanu, “Woe—alas—unto us, for we have sinned”). Although the ancient Roman Jewish historian Flavius Josephus blames the Roman Empire for the destruction of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE—and Roman art even celebrates the Roman capture of the Temple’s candelabrum—this ḳinah suggests that the destruction of Jerusalem was, at least partially, the result of Jewish discord. The ḳinah, which was long part of the Romanian prayer service for Tish’ah b’Av, appears in few other traditional prayerbooks for Tish’ah b’Av. It seems that the author of this ḳinah was El’azar ben Kallir (ca. 570–640 CE), who composed approximately half of the kinot most commonly inserted into contemporary Tish’ah b’Av prayerbooks that include the 40-odd most common kinot (קינות, plural of ḳinah) Jews sang throughout Europe during much of the early modern period. The author did not sign their name but left us with an alphabetical acrostic listing of often-concrete reasons to mourn today. Categories: Tags: Contributor(s): The poetic genre known as ḳerovot, brief poems woven throughout the repetition of the weekday Amidah, is nowadays most closely associated with Elazar biRabbi Qallir’s Purim “Qrovetz“, a majestically interwoven piece of piyyut if ever there was one. But there are many other ḳerovot that have historically been recited, and this one is by the same author! The weekday qerovot cycle for Ḥanukkah, retelling the story of the Greek oppression using intricate poetic language. Included within is a qedushtah that instructs us on some of the halakhic requirements for the Ḥanukkah lights. Categories: Tags: 43rd century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Acrostic signature, Alphabetic Acrostic, עמידה amidah, קרובות ḳerovot, Nusaḥ Erets Yisrael, פיוטים piyyuṭim, Public Amidah Contributor(s): אֶקְחָה בָּרִאשׁוֹן | Ekḥah Barishon — a silluq piyyuṭ for the first day of Sukkot by Elazar haKalirElazar haKalir’s qedushtah piyyut for the first day of Sukkot. Categories: Tags: Contributor(s): The complete qedushta cycle (colloquially called “yotzros,” although it is not technically yotzrot but rather qerovot) for Shabbat Sheqalim by Qallir, including all the catenae of verses and repeated refrains often skipped in Ashkenazi practice. Alphabetical texts are translated with alphabetical acrostics. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, עמידה amidah, four special parashot, ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah, קרובות ḳerovot, פיוטים piyyuṭim, Public Amidah, שבת שקלים Shabbat Sh'qalim Contributor(s): A zulat (a piyyut to be inserted before “Ezrat Avotenu” in the morning liturgy) attributed to Qallir, to be recited on Shabbat haḤodesh. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, four special parashot, פיוטים piyyuṭim, rhyming translation, שבת החודש Shabbat haḤodesh, יוצרות yotsrot, זולת zulat Contributor(s): The complete qedushta cycle for Shabbat Zakhor by Qallir, including all the catenae of verses and repeated refrains often skipped in Ashkenazi practice. Alphabetical texts are translated with alphabetical acrostics. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, alphabetic acrostic translation, עמידה amidah, four special parashot, קרובות ḳerovot, פיוטים piyyuṭim, pre-Purim, Problematic prayers, Public Amidah, שבת זכור Shabbat Zakhor Contributor(s): The complete qedushta cycle for Shabbat HaḤodesh by Qallir, including all the catenae of verses, repeated refrains, and additional rahitin often skipped in Ashkenazi practice. Alphabetical texts are translated with alphabetical acrostics. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, alphabetic acrostic translation, עמידה amidah, four special parashot, קרובות ḳerovot, liberation, פיוטים piyyuṭim, Public Amidah, שבת החודש Shabbat haḤodesh Contributor(s): The poetic genre known as ḳerovot, brief poems woven throughout the repetition of the weekday Amidah, is nowadays most closely associated with Elazar haḲalir’s Purim “Ḳrovetz“, a majestically interwoven piece of piyyut if ever there was one. This is the traditional Ashkenazi qerovot added to the Musaf repetition for Shabbat HaḤodesh, alongside a gender-neutral translation first made in 2022 but being posted here now. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, Alphabetic Acrostic, עמידה amidah, four special parashot, קרובות ḳerovot, פיוטים piyyuṭim, Public Amidah, שבת החודש Shabbat haḤodesh Contributor(s): This translation of “Adonai boker e’erokh lekha” by Rabbi David Aaron de Sola of a piyyut by an unknown paytan was first published in his Ancient Melodies of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews (1857). Categories: Tags: Contributor(s): This piyyut, Tanun Shvaḥeih (Tell the Praise), the eighth in a series of Aramaic piyyutim from the seventh day of Pesaḥ, is meant to be recited as an introduction to the Targum of Exodus 15:18, the famous verse “Adonai yimlokh l-‘olam va-‘ed.” The English translation preserves the Hebrew acrostic of the Aramaic. ‘Ad Ana Bikhya B’Tsiyon, is one of the oldest qinot of the cycle, dating to the period before rhyme schemes were the norm for Hebrew poetry. It describes the heavenly luminaries themselves as sympathizing with and lamenting for Israel. It goes through the entire zodiac, beginning with Ares and ending with Pisces. It is traditional to stand and recite the last few lines aloud before transitioning into the Ḳedusha d’Sidra. Categories: Tags: 44th century A.M., 7th century C.E., Alphabetic Acrostic, cosmology, Nusaḥ Ashkenaz, פיוטים piyyuṭim, קינות Ḳinōt Contributor(s): This piyyut, Man K’vatakh (Who is Like You), the seventh in a series of Aramaic piyyutim from the seventh day of Pesaḥ, is meant to be recited as an introduction to the Targum of the verse that includes “Mi Khamokha.” The English translation preserves the Hebrew acrostic of the Aramaic. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, Aramaic, פיוטים piyyuṭim, שירת הים Shirat haYam, תרגום targum Contributor(s): This piyyut, Amar Oyev (The Enemy Said), the sixth in a series of Aramaic piyyutim from the seventh day of Pesaḥ, is meant to be recited as an introduction to the targum of Exodus 15, verse 9. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, Aramaic, פיוטים piyyuṭim, שירת הים Shirat haYam, תרגום targum Contributor(s): This piyyut, “Joseph Overpowered,” was originally written in the Byzantine era as an introduction to the seventh commandment, the commandment against adultery. It tells a midrashic elaboration of the story of Potiphar’s wife’s attempt and failure to seduce Joseph. It’s honestly a bit racier than one would expect from a liturgical text, with quite a few double entendres on the topic of sexuality. Like the two prior piyyutim — Amar Yitzḥak and Itgabar — it begins in medias res. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, Aramaic, Decalogue, פיוטים piyyuṭim, sexual attraction, sexual conduct, תרגום targum, Yosef cycle Contributor(s): This piyyut, “Amar Yitsḥaq,” was originally written as an introduction to the fifth commandment, the commandment of honoring your father and mother. In the eyes of the payṭan, the quintessential example of honoring your father is an incredibly morbid one — Isaac, encouraging his father to go through with it on the altar and begging him to strike true, so that the sacrifice isn’t rendered unfit! It incorporates midrashic narratives about Isaac’s total willingness to go through with the sacrifice, as well as his longing for his mother in the process. To our modern eyes it is quite a disturbing work! But it’s worth remembering that there were many cases in medieval Europe of Jewish parents so desperate and terrified on account of the Crusades that they killed their own children rather than have them submit to baptism. Perhaps this poem provided those who heard such horrific stories some comfort. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, Aqédat Yitsḥaq, Aramaic, Decalogue, martyrdom, פיוטים piyyuṭim, self-sacrifice, תרגום targum, יצחק Yitsḥaq Contributor(s): This piyyut, “Itgabar,” was originally written as an introduction to the sixth commandment, the commandment of not murdering. It is a poetic retelling of the death of Joab in I Kings 2:28-34. Joab, the leader of David’s armies, was a notoriously violent man, the slaughterer of Abner and Amasa. He died in a correspondingly violent way, struck down by Benaiah son of Jehoiada within the Tabernacle itself. Surprisingly enough, this poem frames Solomon as an unjust and cruel ruler, treating Joab’s death as a tragedy rather than the quid-pro-quo consequence it is portrayed as in Kings. In this location, it almost goes so far as to calling Solomon himself a murderer. Categories: Tags: 45th century A.M., 7th century C.E., acrostic, phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation, Alphabetic Acrostic, Aramaic, bloodshed, Decalogue, murder, פיוטים piyyuṭim, תרגום targum, ultraviolence Contributor(s): The piyyut, El Adon, in Hebrew with an English translation. | ||
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