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	<title>tagged: Umayyad Caliphate &#8226; the Open Siddur Project ✍ פְּרוֺיֶקְט הַסִּדּוּר הַפָּתוּחַ</title>
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	<title>tagged: Umayyad Caliphate &#8226; the Open Siddur Project ✍ פְּרוֺיֶקְט הַסִּדּוּר הַפָּתוּחַ</title>
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		<title>&#x1F4C3; נִסְתָּרוֹת רֶבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַאי &#124; Nistarot (Secrets of) Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai (ca. 8th c.)</title>
		<link>https://opensiddur.org/readings-and-sourcetexts/readings/jewish-readings/lag-baomer-readings/nistarot-secrets-of-rebbi-shimon-ben-yo%e1%b8%a5ai/</link>
					<comments>https://opensiddur.org/readings-and-sourcetexts/readings/jewish-readings/lag-baomer-readings/nistarot-secrets-of-rebbi-shimon-ben-yo%e1%b8%a5ai/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Aharon N. Varady (transcription)]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 01:52:12 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Lag ba-Omer (18 Iyyar) Readings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geonic period]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Umayyad Caliphate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eschaton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[8th century C.E.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[46th century A.M.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pseudepigrapha]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Needing Vocalization]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://opensiddur.org/?p=69226</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The Secrets of Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai is a pseudepigraphal record of the divine visions of the second-century rabbi, Shimon ben Yoḥai. Scholarly opinion about the date of its composition is divided. Adolf Jellinek thought it was likely authored during the time of the Crusades, while Heinrich Graetz thought it was likely composed in the mid-8th century. The visions described in the secrets portrays the Yishmaelites being led by a violent saviour of the Jews from the hegemony of the Byzantine Empire. It describes the events and rulers of the eighth-century Umayyad Empire, as well as eight-century battles between the Byzantines (known in the text as the Ḳenites or the Kingdom of Edōm) and the Umayyads (known in it as the Kingdom of Yishmael).]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn" style="font-size: 1.2em;">
The Secrets of Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai is a pseudepigraphal record of the divine visions of the second-century rabbi, Shimon ben Yoḥai. Scholarly opinion about the date of its composition is divided. Adolf Jellinek thought it was likely authored during the time of the Crusades, while Heinrich Graetz thought it was likely composed in the mid-8th century. The visions described in the secrets portrays the Yishmaelites being led by a violent saviour of the Jews from the hegemony of the Byzantine Empire. It describes the events and rulers of the eighth-century Umayyad Empire, as well as eight-century battles between the Byzantines (known in the text as the Ḳenites or the Kingdom of Edōm) and the Umayyads (known in it as the Kingdom of Yishmael).
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<th id="x" style="text-align: right;">Source (Hebrew)</th>
<th style="text-align: left;">Translation (English)</th>
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
נסתרות ר׳ שמעון בן יוחאי
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Nistarot (Secrets of) Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
אלו הן הנסתרות שנגלו לר׳ שמעון בן יוחי כשהיה חבוי במערה מפני קיסר מלך אדום ועמד בתפלה ארבעים יום וארבעים לילה והתחיל כך ה׳ אלהים עד מתי עשנת בתפלת עבדך. מיד נגלו אליו סתרי הקץ וסתומות
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
These are the secrets that were revealed to Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai when he was hiding in a cave on account of (the persecutions of) Caesar king of Edōm (i.e., Rome). He stood in prayer forty days and forty nights, and began thusly: ‘<span class="divine-referent">Hashem</span> <span class="divine-referent">Elohim</span>, how long will you spurn the prayer of your servant?’ Immediately there were revealed to him the secrets of the eschaton and (various) hidden things.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
והתחיל לישב ילדרוש וירא את הקני. כיון שראה מלכות ישמעאל שהיה בא התחיל לומר לא דיינו מה שעשה לנו מלכות אדום הרשעה אלא אף מלכות ישמעאל. מיד ענה לו מטטרון שר הפנים ואמר לו אל תירא בן אדם שאין הב״ה מביא מלכות ישמעאל אלא כדי להושיעכם מזאת הרשעה והוא מעמיד עליהם נביא כרצונו ויכבוש להם את הארץ ובאי׳ הם ויחזירוה בגדולה ואימה גדולה תהיה ביניהם ובין בני עשו.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
He began to sit and expound (the passage) ‘and he beheld the Ḳenite’ <span class="citation">(Numbers 24:21)</span>.  When he perceived that the kingdom of Yishmael would come (and exercise dominion over Yisrael), he exclaimed: ‘Is it not sufficient what the wicked kingdom of Edōm has done to us that we should also (suffer the dominion of) the kingdom of Yishmael!?’ Immediately Metatron the prince of <span class="divine-referent">the Presence</span> answered him and said: ‘Do not be afraid, mortal, for <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> is bringing about the kingdom of Yishmael only for the purpose of delivering you from that wicked one (i.e., Edōm). <span class="divine-referent">He</span> shall raise up over them a prophet in accordance with <span class="divine-referent">His</span> will, and <span class="divine-referent">He</span> will subdue the land for them; and they shall come and restore it with grandeur. Great enmity will exist between them and the children of Esau.’
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ענה לו רבי שמעון ואמר ומניין שהם ישועה לנו אמר לו ולא כך ישעיה הנביא אמר וראה רכב צמד פרשים וגו׳ מפני מה הוּא מקדים רכב חמור רכב גמל לא היה צריך לומר אלא רכב גמל רכב חמור אלא כיון שהוּא יוצא הוא רוכב על גמל צמחה מלכות בידו רוכב על חמור. ד״א רכב חמור כיון שהוא רוכב על חמור מיכן שהם תשועה לישראל כתשועת רוכב על חמור.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Rebbi Shimōn answered and said: ‘From whence are they (understood as) our deliverance?’  He said to him: ‘Did not Isaiah the prophet speak thusly? “And should he see chariotry of a pair of riders, one riding a donkey, (and) one riding a camel” <span class="citation">(Isaiah 21:7)</span>.’ Why did he put the ‘rider of a donkey’ before the ‘rider of a camel’? Should he not instead have said ‘rider of a camel, rider of an donkey’? (No, the textual sequence means that) when the one who rides the camel (Yishmael or Muhammad) emerges, the kingdom ruled by the ‘one mounted upon a donkey’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 9:9)</span> has manifested (lit. ‘sprouted’) by his (i.e., Yishmael’s or Muhammad’s) agency. Another opinion: ‘rider of a donkey’ (connotes) at the (same) time when he ‘rides upon a donkey’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 9:9)</span>. Consequently they (Yishmael) are a deliverance for Yisrael like the deliverance (associated with) the ‘one mounted upon a donkey’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 9:9)</span>.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ועוד היה רבי שמעון אומר ששמע מרבי ישמעאל כיון ששמע שמלכות ישמעאל בא עתידין למוד הארץ בחבלים שנאמר והארץ יחלק במחיר. ועושים בתי קברות מרעה לצאן וכשימות אדם מהם קוברים אותו בכל מקום שהם מוצאים וחוזרין והורשין הקבר וזורעים אותו שנאמר ככה יאכלו בני ישראל את לחמם טמא. מפני מה שאין בית הפרס נידש.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Moreover Rebbi Shimōn reported that he learned from Rebbi Yishmael at the time when the latter learned that the kingdom of Yishmael was coming that (the kingdom of Yishmael) will measure the land with ropes, as Scripture says: ‘and the land will be apportioned for wages’ <span class="citation">(cf. Daniel 11:39; also Joel 4:2)</span>. They will make cemeteries pastureland for (grazing) flocks, and when one of them dies, they will bury him any place they please. They will then turn around and plow the grave and sow seed on it, as Scripture attests: ‘Thus the children of Yisrael will eat their food in a state of impurity’ <span class="citation">(Ezekiel 4:13)</span>. Why so? Because (the location of) impure field(s) will be unknown.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
עוד וירא את הקיני וכי מה משל נשא אותו רשע אלא כיון שראה את בני בניו שהם עתידים לעמוד ולשעבד את ישראל התחיל שמח ואמר איתן מושבך רואה אני בני אדם שאינם אוכלים אלא ממצוות איתן האזרחי:
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Again ‘he beheld the Ḳenite’ <span class="citation">(Numbers 24:21)</span>. What was the parable that wicked one (Balaam) pronounced? When he foresaw that his (i.e., the Ḳenite’s) descendants were destined to arise and enslave Yisrael, he began rejoicing and said: ‘“Ethan is your place of dwelling” <span class="citation">(Numbers 24:21)</span>—I see human beings who are occupied only with the commandments of “Ethan the Ezraḥite” <span class="citation">(1 Kings 5:11; Psalms 89:1)</span>.’
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
המלך השני שיעמוד מישמעאל יהיה אוהב ישראל ויגדור פרצותיהם ופרצו׳ ההיכל וחוצב הר המוריה ועושה אותו מישור כולו ובונה לו שם השתחויה על אבן שתיה שנאמר ושים בסלע קנך ועושה מלחמה עם בני עשו והורג חיילותיו וישבה שביה גדולה מהם וימות בשלום ובכבוד גדול.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
The second king who will arise from Yishmael will be a friend of Yisrael. He will repair their breaches and (fix) the breaches of the Temple and shape Mt. Moriah and make the whole of it a level plain. He will build for himself there a place for prayer upon the site of the ‘foundation stone,’ as Scripture says: ‘and set your nest on the rock’ <span class="citation">(Numbers 24:21)</span>. He will wage war with the children of Esau and slaughter their troops and capture a large number of them, and (eventually) he will die in peace and with great honor.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ויעמוד מלך גדול מחצר מות ויעשה ימים מעטים ויעמדו עליו גיבורי בני קדר ויהרגוהו ויעמידו מלך אחר ושמו מריאו ויקחוהו מאחרי הצאן והאתונות ויעלוהו למלוּכה ויעמדו ממנו זרועות ארבע ויגדרו בהיכל.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
And there shall arise a great king from Ḥatsar-mavet <span class="citation">(cf. Gen 10:26)</span>, but he will exercise rule only for a few years. Warriors of the children of Qedar shall rise up against him and kill him, and bring to power another king whose name is <span class="hebrew">מריאו</span>.<span class="footnote_referrer"><a role="button" tabindex="0" onclick="footnote_moveToReference_69226_1('footnote_plugin_reference_69226_1_1');" onkeypress="footnote_moveToReference_69226_1('footnote_plugin_reference_69226_1_1');" ><sup id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_69226_1_1" class="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text">[1]</sup></a><span id="footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_69226_1_1" class="footnote_tooltip"> Mario(?) &#8211;ANV&nbsp;</span></span><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_69226_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_69226_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'center right', relative: true, offset: [0, 0], });</script> They shall take him from following flocks and mule-herds and elevate him to the kingship. There shall arise from him ‘four arms’ who will make repairs on the Temple.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ולקץ מלכות ארבע זרועות יעמוד מלך אחר וימעט האיפות והמדות והמשקלות ויעשה שלש שנים בשלוה ויהיה קטטה בעולם בימיו וישלח חיילים גדולים על אדומים ושם ימות ברעב ויהיה עמהם מזון הרבה והוא מונע מהם אין נותן להם ויעמדו בני אדום על בני ישמעאל ויהרגו אותם ויעמדו בני ישמעאל וישרפו המזו והנשארים יברחו ויצאו.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
At the end of the reign of the ‘four arms’ there shall come to power another king. He will diminish measures for quantity, length, and weight, and enjoy three years of tranquility. A dispute will erupt in the world during his reign, and he will send out mighty forces against the Edōmites. There (Byzantium?) they will die of hunger, even though they will have abundant provisions—he will refuse (sustenance) from them, (and) none will be given him. The children of Edōm will prevail over the children of Yishmael and slaughter them.  Then the children of Yishmael will arise and burn the provisions, and those who are left will flee and depart.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ואחר כך יעמוד מלך הגדול וימלוך י״ט שנים. ואלו הם אותותיו אדמדם שיפן העין ויש לו שלש שומות אחת במצחו ואחת בידו הימנית ואחת בזרועו השמאלית. ונוטע נטיעות ויבנה ערים חרבות ויבקע התהומות להעלות המים להשקות נטיעותיו ובני בני בניו מרובין לאכול וכל מי שיעמוד עליו ינתן בידו והארץ שוקטת בימיו וימות בשלום.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
After this a great king will come to power and rule for nineteen years. These are his distinguishing marks (lit. ‘signs’): reddish-hued, squinty-eyed (?), and he will have three moles: one on his forehead, one on his right hand, and one on his left arm. He will plant saplings and rebuild ruined cities and tap subterranean waters to bring up water to irrigate his plantings so that his future descendants will have plenty to eat. All who arise to oppose him will submit to his power, and the land will remain undisturbed during his reign, and he will die peacefully.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ויעמוד מלך אחר ויבקש לכרות מימי הירדן ויביא רחוקם מארצות נכריות לחפור ולעשות נחל ולעלות מי הירדן להשקות הארץ ותפול עליהם חפירת הארץ ויהרגם וישמעו נשיאיהם ויעמדו על המלך ויהרגוהו.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Then another king will arise who will seek to cut off the waters of the Jordan. He will bring far-away peoples from alien lands to excavate and build a canal to bring up the waters of the Jordan to irrigate the land. The excavated portion of the land will collapse upon them and kill them. Their leaders will hear (about this), and then rebel against the king and kill him.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ויעמוד מלך אחר בגבורה ואיש מלחמה וקטטה בעולם בימיו וזה לך האות כשאתה רואה שנפל גירון המערבי שבמערב השתחויה של בני ישמעאל בדמשק נפלה מלכותו ונכנסין ויוצאין במס ואף מלכות ישמעאל תיפול ועליהם הוא אומר שבר ה׳ מטה רשעים. ואי זה זה מרואן שער. אצלו היו גבורי בני קדר קיימים ותפשע עליו פינת מזרחית צפונית ויעלו עליו ויפלו ממנו ג׳ חיילים גדולים בחידקל ובפרס והוא בורח מפניהם ונלכד ונהרג ובניו יתלו על העץ.
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
Another king will then arise—a strong (king) and warrior. A dispute will erupt in the world during his reign. This will be the sign for you: when you see that the western <span class="hebrew">גירון</span> has fallen—(the one) at the western side of (the place of) prayer of the children of Yishmael in Damascus—his dominion will have ‘fallen.’ They will be assembled and marched out to do forced labor, and indeed the kingdom of Yishmael will collapse. Scripture affirms concerning them: ‘<span class="divine-referent">Hashem</span> has broken the rod of the wicked’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 14:5)</span>, where (the word) ‘rod’ signifies Yishmael. And who is this? It is Marwān. Warriors from the sons of Qedar will still remain with him, but the northeastern corner (of his kingdom) will rebel and come up against him. There shall fall from among his forces three great armies at the Tigris and at the Euphrates, and he himself will flee from them, but he will be captured and put to death. His sons will be hung upon wooden scaffolding.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
ואח״כ יעמוד מלך עז פנים שלשה חדשים ואחר כן תמלוך מלכות הרשעה על ישראל תשעה חדשים שנאמר לכן יתנם עד עת יולדה ילדה. ויצמה להם משיח בן יוסף ויעלה אותם לירושלם ויבנה בית המקדש ויקריב קרבנות ותרד אש מן השמים ותאכל קרבנותיהם שנאמר ובני פריצי עמך ינשאו. אם לא זכו משיח בן אפרים בא ואם זכו יבוא משיח בן דוד
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<div class="english" lang="eng-Latn">
And after this a king ‘strong of face’ (<em>‘az panim</em>) will arise for three months, and then the wicked kingdom (i.e., Rome) will rule over Yisrael for nine months, as Scripture says: ‘Therefore He will give them until the time the one laboring in childbirth has borne’ <span class="citation">(Micah 5:2)</span>. And there shall sprout up for them the Messiah of the lineage of Joseph, and he will bring them up to Jerusalem. He will rebuild the Temple and offer sacrifices; fire shall descend from heaven and consume their sacrifices, as Scripture promises: ‘and the violent ones among your people will arise’ <span class="citation">(Daniel 11:14)</span>. If they are not worthy, the Messiah of the lineage of Ephraim comes; but if they are worthy, the Messiah of the lineage of David will come.
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ויעמוד מלך רשע ושמו ארמילאוס הוא קרח ועיניו קטנות וצרעת במצחו ואזנו ימנית סתומה השמאלית פתוחה. ואם ידבר לו אדם טובה יטה לו אזנו סתומה אם ידבר לו אדם רעה מטה לו אזנו פתוחה. והוא בריה דסטנא ודאבנא ועולה לירושלם ויעורר מלחמה עם משיח בן אפרים בשער מזרחי שנאמר והביטו אליו את אשר דקרו וישראל גולין למדברי אגמים לרעות במלוחים ובשרשי רתמים מ״ה ימים ואז נבחנים ונצרפים שנאמר והבאתי את השלישית באש וגומר. וימות שם משיח בן אפרים וישראל סופדים אותו ואחר כך יגלה להם הקב״ה משיח בן דוד וישראל ירצו לסוקלו ואומר׳ לו שקר דברת שכבר נהרג משיח ואין משיח אחר עתיד לעמוד ויבזוהו שנאמר נבזה וחדל אישים והוא חוזר לו ונכסה מהן שנאמר וכמסתר פנים ממנו. ובהצר להם לישראל הם חוזרים וצועקים מרעב ומצמא ומיד הקב״ה נגלה להם בכבודו שנאמר וראו כל בשר יחדו. ומלך המשיח יצמח שם שנאמר וארו עם ענני שמיא וכתיב בתריה וליה יהיב שלטן. ויפיח באותו ארמילוס הרשע וימיתהו שנאמר וברוח שפתיו ימית רשע.
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A wicked king will arise whose name is Armilos: bald, with small eyes and a leprous forehead; his right ear closed up and his left ear open. If a good person should speak to him, he will turn his closed ear toward him, and if a wicked person should speak to him, he will turn his open ear to him. He is the offspring of Satan and a stone (statue), and he will come up to Jerusalem and incite war with the Messiah of the lineage of Ephraim at the eastern gate, as Scripture states: ‘and they shall look to Me about the one whom they pierced’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 12:10)</span>. Yisrael will go into exile into the uncleared wilderness to forage among the salt-plants and broom-sage roots for forty-five days, and then they will be tested and refined, as Scripture says: ‘I shall bring a third (of them) through the fire, etc.’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 13:9)</span>. The Messiah of the lineage of Ephraim shall die there, and Yisrael shall mourn for him. After this <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> will reveal to them the Messiah of the lineage of David, but Yisrael will wish to stone him, and they will say to him: ‘You speak a lie, for the Messiah has already been slain, and there is no other Messiah destined to arise.’ They will scorn him, as Scripture says: ‘despised and abandoned (by) men’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 53:3)</span>. He shall withdraw and be hidden from them, as Scripture continues: ‘like one hiding faces from us’ (ibid.). But in Yisrael’s great distress, they will turn and cry out from (their) hunger and thirst, and <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> will be revealed to them in <span class="divine-referent">His</span> glory, as Scripture promises: ‘together all flesh will see’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 40:5)</span>. And the King Messiah will sprout up there, as Scripture says: ‘and behold with the clouds of heaven etc.’ <span class="citation">(Daniel 7:13)</span>, and it is written after it ‘and authority was given to him’ <span class="citation">(Daniel 7:14)</span>. He shall blow (his breath) at that wicked Armilos and kill him, as Scripture forecasts: ‘he will slay the wicked one with the breath of his lips’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 11:4)</span>.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
והקב״ה שורק ומקבץ כל ישראל ומעלם לירושלים שנאמר אשרקה להם ואקבצם ותרד אש מן השמים ותאכל ירושלם עד ג׳ אמות ומפנה הזרים הערלים והטמאים מתוכה ותרד ירושלם בנויה ומשוכללת מן השמים שיש בה שבעים ושתים מרגליות שמבהיקות מסוף העולם ועד סופו. והולכים כל האומות לנוגה שנאמר והלכו גוים לאורך. וירד היכל בנוי מן השמים שהוא קשור בזבול שכן ראה משה ע״ה ברוח הקודש שנאמר תביאמו ותטעמו.
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<span class="divine-referent">The blessed Holy One</span> will signal for and gather together all Yisrael and bring them up to Jerusalem, as Scripture says: ‘Let me signal for them and I will gather them’ <span class="citation">(Zechariah 10:8)</span>. Fire will come down from heaven and consume Jerusalem up to three cubits, and uncircumcised foreigners and the impure will be removed from its midst. Then a rebuilt and decorated Jerusalem will descend from heaven; in it seventy-two precious stones will shine from one end of the world to the other. And all the nations will come to (bask in) her splendor, as Scripture affirms: ‘and the nations will come to your light’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 60:3)</span>. A rebuilt Temple will descend from the heavens—the one which was folded within Zebul, for thus Mosheh perceived under prophetic inspiration, as Scripture says: ‘You will bring it and You will plant it’ <span class="citation">(Exod 15:17)</span>.
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ויושבין ישראל לבטח אלפים שנה ואוכלים בהמות ולויתן וזיז בהמות שוחטין וזיז קורע לויתן בקרסוליו ומשה יבוא וישחוט זיז שדי. ולקץ אלפים שנה הקב״ה יושב על כסא דין בעמק יהושפט. ומיד השמים והארץ בלין והולכים ובלים והחמה חפרה והלבנה בושה וההרים ימוטו והגבעות תמוטנה כדי שלא יזכירו לישראל עונותיהם ושערי גהינם נפתחות בנחל יהושע ושערי גן עדן במזרח ביום השלישי שנאמר יחיינו מיומים אלו ימי משיח שהם אלפים שנה. וביום הג׳ זה יום הדין ואוי לו לכל מי שמת בו והקב״ה מעביר לפניו כל אומה ואומר להם אתם שמשתחוים לאלהי כסף וזהב ראו אם יוכלו להציל אתכם. ומיד עוברים ונשרפים שנאמר ישובו רשעים לשאולה וישראל באים אחריהם והקב״ה אומר להם למי אתם משתחוים והם אומרים כי אתה אבינו כי אברהם לא ידענו וכו׳. ואומות העולם אומרים מתוך גהינם נראה אם ישפוט את ישראל עמו כמו ששפט אותנו. מיד הקב״ה עובר עם ישראל באמצע גהינם ונעשה לפניהם כמים קרים שנאמר ויעבור מלכם לפניהם ואומר כי תלך במו אש לא תכוה. ובאותה שעה ננערין פושעי ישראל לגהינם י״ב חדשים ואח״כ הקב״ה מעלה אותם ויושבים בגן עדן ומתענגים מפירותיה שנאמר ועמך כולם צדיקים.
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Yisrael will dwell in peace for two thousand years. They will feast upon Behemōt, Leviathan, and Ziz. They will slaughter Behemōt; Ziz shall rend Leviathan with its ankles; and Mosheh will come and slaughter the ‘wild Ziz’ <span class="citation">(Psalms 50:11; 80:14)</span>. At the end of two thousand years, <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> will sit upon a throne of judgment in the valley of Jehoshaphat. Immediately the heavens and the earth will wear out and fade away: the sun will be ashamed and the moon embarrassed; the mountains will shake and the hills will quake <span class="citation">(cf. Isaiah 54:10)</span>, so that Yisrael will no longer have her sins recounted (by them) to her. The gates of Gehinnom will be opened in the Wadi Joshua, and on the third day the gates of Eden (will be opened) in the east, as Scripture attests: ‘<span class="divine-referent">He</span> will revitalize us for two days; [on the third day he will raise us up and we will live before <span class="divine-referent">Him</span>’] <span class="citation">(Hos 6:2)</span>—this (verse) refers to the days of the Messiah, which are two thousand years <span class="citation">(cf. Psalms 90:4)</span>. And this ‘third day’ is the Day of Judgment, and alas for the one who is among all those who perish during it! <span class="divine-referent">The blessed Holy One</span> shall cause to pass before <span class="divine-referent">Him</span> every nation, and <span class="divine-referent">He</span> shall say to them: ‘You who worshipped gods of silver and gold—see now if they are able to deliver you!’ Immediately they shall pass by and be immolated, as Scripture states: ‘the wicked will return to Sheol’ <span class="citation">(Psalms 9:18)</span>. Yisrael shall come after them, and <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> shall say to them: ‘Whom have you worshipped?’ They shall respond: ‘indeed You are <span class="divine-referent">our Father</span> etc.’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 63:16)</span>. And the nations of the world will gripe from the midst of Gehinnom: ‘Let us see whether <span class="divine-referent">He</span> will judge His people Yisrael like <span class="divine-referent">He</span> judged us!’ Immediately <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> will pass with Yisrael through the midst of Gehinnom, and it will be made like cool water before them, as Scripture attests: ‘and their king shall pass through before them’ <span class="citation">(Micah 2:13)</span>, and it says: ‘when you walk through fire you will not be burned’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 43:2)</span>. At that time the transgressors among Yisrael will be dumped into Gehinnom for twelve months, but after that (period) <span class="divine-referent">the blessed Holy One</span> will bring them up and settle them in Eden, and they will enjoy its fruits, as Scripture says: ‘and your people will all be righteous’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 60:21)</span>.
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רבי שמעון אומר עתיד הקב״ה לשרוק לדבורה אשר בקצה יאורי מצרים ובאים ועושי׳ מלחמה בתוך מצרים. והמלך הראשון שמנהיג אותם ומוציאם הוא עבד שמרד על אדונו שנאמר כה אמר ה׳ לבזה נפש למתעב גוי אותה מתועבת שבאומות אלו בני כנען לעבד מושלים והוא מורד על אדונו ומתקבצים אליו אנשים שמרדו על אדוניהם ויוצאים במעט ומחזיקים מלכות בגבורה ועושים מלהמה עם ישמעאל והורגים גבוריהם ויורשים ממונם ואת רכושם. והם אנשים מכוערים ולובשים שחורים ויוצאים ממזרח והם מהרים ונמהרים שנ׳ הגוי המר והנמהר. ועל הר מרום ישראל יעלו ויסבר לפרוץ בהיכל ודלתים יעקירו ומרות יבכו.
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Rebbi Shimōn said: <span class="divine-referent">The blessed Holy One</span> will signal to the bee who is at the end of the rivers of Egypt, and they shall come and wage war in the midst of Egypt. The first king who leads them and brings them forth is a slave who has rebelled against his master, as Scripture says: ‘Thus says <span class="divine-referent">Hashem</span> … to the despised one, to the one loathed by the nation’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 49:7)</span>—that is the one held abominable among the nations; namely, the Canaanites—‘to the slave of kings’ (ibid.). He shall rebel against his overlord, and others who have rebelled against their masters will be gathered to him, and they shall gradually go out and seize the kingdom by force. They will make war with the Yishmaelites, kill their warriors, and take possession of their wealth and property. They are repulsive men, dressed in black and coming from the East, and they are quick and impetuous, as Scripture says: ‘the nation cruel and impetuous’ <span class="citation">(Habakkuk 1:6)</span>. They will ascend the mountain of the height of Yisrael intending to tear down the Temple and to uproot the doors, but will (instead) weep bitterly (?).
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וארבעה מלכים יעמדו עליהם שנים נשיאים ושנים סגנים. הראשון איש קונדק וממליך מלך בחייו מזרע המלוכה והמלך שימלוך עליהם הולך בשפלות ועיניו יפות ושערו נאה וימות בשלום ואין נפרעין ממנו בזה העולם. ואחריו יעמוד מלך במחלוקת ויעמוד חיילים על נהר פרת ויפלו כלם ביום אחד ויברח ויאסר וכל הימים שהוא נאסר יהיה שלום בארץ ואחיו מושלים בכל הארצות.
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Four kings shall arise over them: two of them will be princes and two of them chieftains. The first …(?) and the king who rules after them (<em>sic!</em>) will conduct himself humbly: his eyes will be attractive and his hair lovely, and he will die in peace, with no one in the world collecting tribute from him. After him there shall arise a king accompanied by strife. He will station armies by the Euphrates River, but all of them will fall in a single day. He will flee, but will be captured, and all the time he is held captive there will be peace in the world. His brothers will rule over all lands.
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והמלך הרביעי שיעמוד עליהם אוהב כסף וזהב והוא איש שחור וגבה קומה זקן וגרגר והורגן אותן שהוציאוהו והמליכוהו ויעשה ספינות מנחשת וימלא אותם כסף וזהב טומן אותם תחת מימי פרת להצניעם לבניו והם עתידים לישראל שנאמר ונתתי לך אוצרות חשך ומטמוני מסתרים. ובימיו תפשע קרן מערבית וישלח שם גייסו׳ רבים והורג בני מזרח וחוזר ומשלח גייסות רבות ובאים והורגים את בני מערב ויושבים בארצם.
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The fourth king who shall arise over them will be a lover of silver and gold. He will be a dark man and tall, old and shriveled (?). He will kill those whom they bring to him, and they will install him as king. He will build boats of bronze and fill them (with) silver and gold, and store them beneath the waters of the Euphrates in order to reserve them for his sons. But they are destined for Yisrael, as Scripture says: ‘I will give you treasures (concealed in) darkness and secret hidden things’ <span class="citation">(Isaiah 45:3)</span>. During his reign the western quadrant will rebel, and he will dispatch there many troops, but he (the leader of the rebellion) will kill the easterners. Again he (the fourth king) will send out many troops, and they will come and slay the westerners, and take up residence in their land.
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וזה לך האות שאתה רואה שבוע אחד תחלתו מטר. ובשניה חיצי רעב משתלחין. ובשלישית רעב גדול. וברביעית לא רעב ולא שובע. ובחמישית שובע גדול ויצמח כוכב אחד ממזרח ובראשו שבט והוא כוכב של ישראל שנאמר דרך כוכב מיעקב. ואם האיר לטובתן של ישראל הוא ואז יצמח משיח בן דוד.
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And this will be the sign for you—when you see that at the beginning of one week there is rain, and in the second (week) the loosing of the ‘arrows of hunger,’ and in the third a severe famine, and in the fourth no hunger but (also) no satisfaction, and in the fifth there is great satiety. A star shall appear from the east with a rod on top of it—this is the star of Yisrael, as Scripture says: ‘a star shall step forth from Jacob etc.’ <span class="citation">(Numbers 24:17)</span>. If it shines, it is for the benefit of Yisrael. Then the Messiah of the lineage of David shall emerge.
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<div class="liturgy" lang="heb-Hebr">
וזה לך האות כשאתה רואה שנפל גירון מזרחי שבדמשק נפלה מלכות בני מזרח ואז יצמח הישועה לישראל ומשיח בן דוד בא ויעלו לירושלם ויתענגו עליה שנאמר וענוים ירשו ארץ ויתענגו על רב שלום. האל ברהמיו ישלח לנו הגואל במהרה בימינו אמן.
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And this will be the sign for you—when you see that the eastern <span class="hebrew">גירון</span> in Damascus has fallen, the kingdom of those in the East has fallen. Then deliverance will sprout for Yisrael.  The Messiah of the lineage of David will come, and they (<em>sic!</em>) will go up to Jerusalem and rejoice over her, as Scripture says: ‘the lowly will take possession of the land and delight in an abundance of peace’ <span class="citation">(Psalms 37:11)</span>. May <span class="divine-referent">El</span> in <span class="divine-referent">His</span> mercy send to us the deliverer quickly in our era, <em>amen</em>!
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<hr />
<p>Dr. Reeves introduces his <a href="https://pages.charlotte.edu/john-reeves/research-projects/trajectories-in-near-eastern-apocalyptic/nistarot-secrets-of-r-shimon-b-yohai-2/">translation of Nistarot Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai</a> with the following note:</p>
<blockquote><p>
The Secrets of Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai were first published in Salonika in 1743 within the same anthology of midrashic texts that contains Sefer Elijah. This version of the text was reprinted by Adolph Jellinek, ed., <em>Bet ha-Midrasch: Sammlung kleiner Midraschim und vermischter Abhandlungen aus der jüdischen Literatur</em> (6 vols.; Leipzig, 1853-77; repr., Jerusalem: Bamberger &#038; Wahrmann, 1938), 3:78-82. Jellinek’s text was subsequently reproduced by Yehudah Even-Shemuel, <em>Midreshey Ge’ullah</em> (2d ed.; Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik, 1954), 401-403; using the various extant versions of this midrash, the same scholar also generated a suggested Vorlage for the Secrets (pp. 187-98) and also reproduced the variant recension (‘Atidot Rebbi Shimōn ben Yoḥai) contained within a larger eschatological work concerning the ‘Ten Kings’ which was first published by H. M. Horowitz in 1891. A. Z. Aescoly provides an abridged version of Jellinek’s text along with a brief commentary in his important anthology of Jewish messianic literature (<em>Messianic Movements in Yisrael, Volume One: From the Bar-Kokhba Revolt until the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain</em> [ed. Yehudah Even-Shmuel; 2d ed.; Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik, 1987], 133-38.). A Cairo Genizah fragment of the opening section of the Secrets was published by S. A. Wertheimer, <em>Batey Midrashot</em> (2 vols.; repr., Jerusalem: Ktav wa-Sefer, 1980), 2:25-26; see also 2:506-507. A fifteenth-century manuscript version of Secrets is available in Munich Ms. Hebr. 222, a work which also features important editions of Pirqe Mašiah and Sefer Elijah. Unpublished manuscript fragments include Oxford Ms. Heb. f. 27 (2642) fols. 42-43 and Oxford Ms. Heb. d. 46 (2643) fols. 72-73. The present translation is based on the text reproduced by Jellinek.
</p></blockquote>
<p>I have re-Hebraicized divine names and proper names in Dr. Reeves translation (e.g., &#8216;Abraham&#8217; to &#8216;Avraham&#8217;). I have also changed &#8220;the Holy One, blessed be he&#8221; to &#8220;the blessed Holy One&#8221; for <span class="hebrew">הקב״ה</span> and &#8220;ass&#8221; to &#8220;donkey&#8221; for <em>ḥamor</em>.</p>
<h3>Source(s)</h3>
<p><span style="float: right;"><div id="attachment_69233" style="width: 260px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--401.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-69233" src="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--401-250x250.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="250" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-69233" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-69233" class="wp-caption-text">Nistarot R&#8217; Simon ben Yohai &#8211; Midrashei Geulah (Even Shmuel 1954), p. 401</p></div></span> <span style="float: left;"><div id="attachment_69234" style="width: 260px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><a href="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--402.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-69234" src="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--402-250x250.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="250" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-69234" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-69234" class="wp-caption-text">Nistarot R&#8217; Simon ben Yohai &#8211; Midrashei Geulah (Even Shmuel 1954), p. 402</p></div></span> <span style="float: left;"><div id="attachment_69235" style="width: 260px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--403.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-69235" src="https://opensiddur.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/nistarot-r-simon-ben-yohai-midrashei-geulah-even-shmuel-1954-p--403-250x250.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="250" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-69235" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-69235" class="wp-caption-text">Nistarot R&#8217; Simon ben Yohai &#8211; Midrashei Geulah (Even Shmuel 1954), p. 403</p></div></span><span class="" style="display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;margin-top: ;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;"></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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