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The Jewish community of Crimea is old, distinctive, and deeply divided between the Karaite and rabbinic Jewish communities (locally known as the zulufsız çufutlar “unsidelocked Jews” and the zuluflı çufutlar “sidelocked Jews”). Both spoke Turkish languages closely related to Crimean Tatar, but the Karaites spoke a dialect known as Karaim, whereas the rabbinic Jews spoke a dialect called Krymchak. This is a translation of the poem Ḥad Gadya into Krymchak by the prominent early 20th-century Crimean rabbi Nisim haLevy Tsahtsir. Interestingly, in the final verse, said to represent the final redemption, the text transitions into future tense — “and the blessed Holy One will come and will slaughter the angel of death.”
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| Source (Aramaic) | Translation (Krymchak/Cyrillic) | Translation (Krymchak/Judeo-Crimean Tatar) | Translation (Krymchak/Latin) | Translation (English) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
חַד גַּדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Бир улакъ, бир улакъ, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Bir ulaq, bir ulaq, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
One little goat, one little goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא שֻׁנְרָא וְאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди мышыкъ, ве ашады улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי מִישִׁיק, וֵא אָשָׁאדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi mışıq, ve aşadı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
A cat came and ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא כַּלְבָּא וְנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди кёпек, ве дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי כּוֹפֵּכּ, וֵא דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi köpek, ve dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
A dog came and bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא חֻטְרָא וְהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди тайах, ве урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי טָאיָיךְ, וֵא אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi tayah, ve urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
A stick came and hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא נוּרָא וְשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелдиoт, ве йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי אוֹט וֵא יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi ot, ve yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
A fire came and burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא מַיָּא וְכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди сув, ве сёндюрдыoлoтны, ки йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי סוּבֿ וֵא סוֹנְדוּרְדִי אוֹל אוֹט־נִי כִּי יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi suv, ve söndürdı ol otnı, ki yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
Water came and put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא תּוֹרָא וְשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди огюз, ве ичти сувни, ки сёндюрдыoлoтны, ки йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי אוֹגוּז, וֵא אִיצְטִי סוּבֿ־נִי, כִּי סוֹנְדוּרְדִי אוֹט־נִי כִּי יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi ögüz, ve içti suvni, ki söndürdı ol otnı, ki yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
An ox came and drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא הַשּׁוֹחֵט וְשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди шёхет, ве сoйды огюзни, ки ичти сувни, ки сёндюрдыoлoтны, ки йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי שׁוֹחֵט, וֵא סוֹיְידִי אוֹגוּז־נִי, כִּי אִיצְטִי סוּבֿ־נִי, כִּי סוֹנְדוּרְדִי אוֹט־נִי כִּי יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi şöhet, ve soydı ögüzni, ki içti suvni, ki söndürdı ol otnı, ki yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
A butcher came and slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא מַלְאַךְ־הַמָּ֫וֶת וְשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט, דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа гелди малах амавет, ве сoйды шёхетни, ки сoйды огюзни, ки ичти сувни, ки сёндюрдыoлoтны, ки йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֶלְדִי מַלְאַךְ־הַמָּוֶת, וֵא סוֹיְידִי שׁוֹחֵט־נִי, כִּי סוֹיְידִי אוֹגוּז־נִי, כִּי אִיצְטִי סוּבֿ־נִי, כִּי סוֹנְדוּרְדִי אוֹט־נִי כִּי יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa geldi malah amavet, ve soydı şöhetni, ki soydı ögüzni, ki içti suvni, ki söndürdı ol otnı, ki yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
The Angel of Death came and slaughtered the shoḥet who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
וְאָתָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ־בָּרוּךְ־הוּא וְשָׁחַט לְמַלְאַךְ־הַמָּ֫וֶת דְּשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט, דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָא לְמַיָּא, דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחֻטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשֻׁנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַדְיָא, דְּזַבִּן אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי, חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא. |
Даа геледжек дир аКъадёш Барух У, Даа сoйаджакъ дир малахамаветни, ки сoйды шёхетни, ки сoйды огюзни, ки ичти сувни, ки сёндюрдыoлoтны, ки йакъти тайахни, ки урду кёпекни, ки дишледи мышыкъны, ки ашагъан эды улакъни, ки сатын алды атам эки акъчагъа. Бир улакъ, бир улакъ. |
דָא גֵלֵגֶׄכּ דִיר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, דָא סוֹיָיגָׄק דִיר מַלְאַךְ־הַמָּוֶת־נִי, כִּי סוֹיְידִי שׁוֹחֵט־נִי, כִּי סוֹיְידִי אוֹגוּז־נִי, כִּי אִיצְטִי סוּבֿ־נִי, כִּי סוֹנְדוּרְדִי אוֹט־נִי כִּי יַקְטִי טָאיָיךְ־נִי, כִּי אוּרְדוּ כּוֹפֵּכּ־נִי, כִּי דִישְׁלֵדִי מִישִׁיק־נִי, כִּי אָשָׁאגָ׳ן אֵדִי אוּלָק־נִי, כִּי סַטִּין אַלְדִי אַטָאם אֶכִּי אַקְצָאיָיא. בִּיר אוּלָק, בִּיר אוּלָק׃ |
Daa gelecek dir aQadöş Baruh U, Da soyacaq dir malahamavetni, ki soydı şöhetni, ki soydı ögüzni, ki içti suvni, ki söndürdı ol otnı, ki yaqti tayahni, ki urdu köpekni, ki dişledi mışıqnı, ki aşağan edı ulaqni, ki satın aldı atam eki aqçağa. Bir ulaq, bir ulaq. |
Then the blessed Holy One came and slaughtered the Angel of Death who slaughtered the shoḥet who slaughtered the ox that drank the water that put out the fire that burned the stick that hit the dog that bit the cat that ate the goat that my father bought for two zuzim. One little goat, one little goat. |
The earliest known appearance of “Ḥad Gadya,” by an unknown author, can be found in the Prague Haggadah (1526). The text of the poem is in a form of playful Aramaic and it is accompanied by the lyrics in medieval Yiddish.[1] The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, NY) vol. 8 page 190 s.v. “Had Gadya” calls it German. It is unclear which, if either, came first — the Yiddish or the Aramaic. The Aramaic above below follows the text as it appears in the Prague Haggadah (1526). The Aramaic has been vocalized according to the Prague Haggadah (1590). Besides the transcription of the Aramaic with its vocalization, I have also added a translation sourced from Eve Levavi Feinstein’s Passover Haggadah translation. –Aharon N. Varady
Notes
| 1 | The Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, NY) vol. 8 page 190 s.v. “Had Gadya” calls it German. |
|---|
“חַד גַּדְיָא | Бир Улакъ | Bir Ulaq (בִּיר אוּלָק) — a Qrımçah tılyı (Krymchak) translation of Ḥad Gadya by Rabbi Nisim haLevy Tsahtsir (1904)” is shared through the Open Siddur Project with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International copyleft license.
Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)
Nisim haLevy Tsahtsir
Unknown Author(s)
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ויהי נעם אדני אלהינו עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננה עלינו ומעשה ידינו כוננהו "May the pleasantness of אדֹני our elo’ah be upon us; may our handiwork be established for us — our handiwork, may it be established." –Psalms 90:17
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