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| Source (Aramaic) | Translation (English) |
|---|---|
אַקְדָּמוּת מִלִּין לְאַחֲוָיָא מֵאֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ מַלְכָּא טִפְּשָׁתָא אַוְלָא שָׁקִילְנָא לְפוּמָא כַּסָא דְּחַמְרָא וְכַּדָא דְיֵינָא שְׂרָפוּתָא אַפֵּיק מָאנֵי דְּבֵי מַקְדְשָׁא וְשָׁתֵי בְהוֹן אִיהוּ וְרַבְרְבָנוֹהִי וּלְחֵינָתָא אִיהוּ בְּקַרֵי וְאִיהִי בְּבוֹצִינָא תַּרְוַיְיהוּ אִתְכַּוְונוּ לִזְנוּתָא |
Preceding the words of fraternity from the foolish king Ahasuerus, I ask permission from the opening of a wineglass and the vessel of burnt wine.[1] Referring to distilled beverages. Bringing out the vessels of the Temple, he and his officials and concubines drank from them, Men in town, women in the garden, both preparing for licentiousness. |
בְּיוֹמָא שְׁבִיעָאָה קַדִּישָׁא דָּא הוּא יוֹמָא יַקִּירָא דְּשַׁבַּתָּא בְּהַאי יוֹמָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל מְשַׁבְּחִין לְמָארֵיהוֹן וְעָסְקִין בְּאוֹרַיְיתָא בִּטְעֵם חַמְרָא אַנְצוּיֵי בִּשְׁפִּירִתָּא דְנַשֵׁי וּמִתְעַסְקִין בִּזְנוּתָא בְּיַד סָרִיסוֹהִי שְׁדַר לְאַיְתִי יַת וַשְׁתִי עַרְטִילָאִי דְלֵית דַּכְוָותָא |
On the holy seventh day, that is, the precious day of the Sabbath — The very day that Israel praises their Master and engages in the Torah — With the taste of wine, women adorned themselves beautifully and engaged in licentiousness. By the hand of his eunuch, he sent to bring his concubine Vashti without purity. |
גְּמוּל אֲתֵיב לָהּ קוּבְּ״הֻ בְּגִין דְעָבְדָה עֲבִידְתָּא בִּיהוּדַיְיתָא בְּשַׁבַּתָּא גַּבְרִיאֵל מַלְאֲכָא קַדִּישָׁא בִּגְזֵרַת עִירִין עָבֵיד לָהּ זְנָבָה בְּמִצְחָתָא גְּלַל כֵּן לָא צְבִיאַת לְמֵיתֵי קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וּלְמֶעֱבַד לֵיהּ רְעוּתָא גַּבְרָא בַּר אַהוּרְיָירִי דְּאַבָּא שְׁדָרַת לֵיהּ לְקָבֵּל אַלְפָא חַמְרָא שָׁתָא |
The Almighty God paid her back her for making Jews work on the Sabbath. The holy angel Gabriel, by decree of the Watcher-angels, made a tail on her forehead, Therefore, she was not willing to come before the king and do his will. The son of the steward sent for him to receive a thousand measures of wine, |
דְּנָא מִלְּתָא דָלְקָת בֵּיה כְּנוּרָא עַל דְּזַלְזְלָא בְּמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא שְׁדַר לַחֲכִּימֵי דִיהוּדָאֵי דְהַיתֵי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מִירוּשְׁלֵם קַרְתָּא דָּא אֲתִיבוּ לֵיהּ מִיּוֹמָא דִגְלִינָא מֵאַרְעָא לֵית בָּן דַעֲתָּא דַּעֲתָּאן דְתֵיזִיל לְעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב דְיָתְבִין כְּחַמְרָא עַל־דּוֹרְדְיָיתָא |
A word emerged within him like fire, as a glutton in the kingdom. He sent word to the wise men of the Jews who Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the city of Jerusalem, Since they came to him from the day of exile from the land — none understood more knowledge! Their understanding which reached Ammon and Moab, sitting like wine on lees. |
הַקְרֵיב לְוַת שְׁבַע יַעֲטוֹהִי שְׁאִילתָּא דָא מִלְּתָא רַבְרְבָתָא הֶדְיוֹט מְמוּכָן דְלֵג בְּרֵישׁ דָא הוּא הָמָן רְשִׁיעָא בַּר חַמְדָתָא הָא עֵיטָא יְהִיב לֵיהּ לְמִקְטַל לְוַשְׁתִי וְלִנְסַב אִתְּתָא אוֹחֲרְנַיְיתָא הַאי רְשׁיעָא אֲמַר בְּלִבֵּיהּ לְמֵיהַב לֵיהּ בְּרַתֵּיהּ לְאִנְתְּתָא וּמַלְכְוָתָא |
Bring before before his seven advisors this question, the officials’ word! The commoner Memuchan, who was set as their head, is Haman the wicked, son of Hamdata. He advised him to kill Vashti, and to marry another wife. This wicked man said in his heart he would give his daughter wifehood and kingdom. |
וְכַד פָּג יֵינָא דְמַלְכָּא וּדְכַר יַת כׇּל־עוֹלֵמְתָּהָא לְשׁוּשַׁן בִּירְנָתָא וְאִשְׁתַּכְּחַת תַּמָּן אֶסְתֵּר דַּהֲוַת מִן־גְנִיסַת דְּשָׁאוּל מַלְכָּתָא וַי צָוַח הָמָן רְשִׁיעָא כַּד חָזָא בְּעֵינוֹהִי הַאַי שְׁפִּירָתָא |
And when the wine of the king’s banquet was gone, and he remembered all her beauty to Shushan the citadel, Esther, who was from the lineage of King Saul, was discovered there. “Augh!” cried Haman the wicked when he saw her in her beauty. |
זְנָא אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ עִם־כֻּלְּהוֹן וְלָא נַיְיחָא בְּהוֹן דַּעֲתָּא זִווּגָא דְּאֶסְתֵּר פַּייסֵיהּ בְּגִין דְּטָעִים טַעַם בְּעוּלְתָּא וּבְתוּלְתָּא זַמִין לֵיהּ מַלְאֲכָא שִׁדְתָּא חִלּוּפָא דְאֶסְתֵּר בְּצַלְמָהָא וּדְמוּתָא זֵיהוֹר יְקָרָהּ לָא אִסְתָּאַב וְאִשְׁתְּאָרָת זַכָּאָה בִּקְדוּשָׁתָא |
This one, of Ahasuerus was not pleased with knowing any of the others. The pairing of Esther satisfied him, because she felt both experienced and virginal. An angel prepared for her a beautiful shadow, reflecting Esther’s image and likeness. Her radiance was not diminished, and her appearance was pure in holiness. |
חֲשַׁבוּ בִּגְתָן וָתֶרֶשׁ לְמֵיהַב לֵיהּ לְמַלְכָּא סָמָא דְמוֹתָא חַכִּים מׇרְדֳּכַי אֲצִִת מִלֵּיהוֹן דְּהַוָה יָדַע בְּכׇל לְשָׁן לַחִישׁוּתָא חַוֵי פִּתְגָמָא לְאֶסְתֵּר וְאֶסְתֵּר לְמַלְכָּא וְאִשְׁתַּכְּחָא מִלְּתָא מְהִמְנוּתָא חֲרַץ לְהוֹן מוֹתָא וְאִצְטְלִיבוּ וְאִתְכַּתַב בְּסִפְרָא דוֹכְרְנַיְיתָא |
Bigthan and Teresh schemed to give the king a deadly poison. The wise Mordecai heeded their words, for he knew all whispered tongues. He gave word to Esther, and Esther to the king, and the secret word was discovered, They hastened their death, and they were hung, and it was written in the book of remembered deeds. |
טִפֵּשׁ אֲחֲשְׁוֵרֹשׁ רַבֵּי יַת הָמָן בַּר הַמְדָתָא טְעֵם אִתְיְיהַב לְמִסְגַד קַמֵּיהּ בִּדְחִילוּ וְאֶמְתְנוּתָא טָמֵא הָמָן חָקִיק לֵיהּ צִלְמָא עַל לִבָּא בִּרְשִׁיעוּתָא טָהוֹר מׇרְדֳּכַי לָא צָבִי לְמִסְגַד דְּדָא פּוּלְחַן נוּכְרְיָיתָא |
Ahasuerus the foolish promoted Haman son of Hammedatha, An order was given to bow before him with trembling and sincerity. The impure Haman engraved an idol over his heart in of wickedness. The pure Mordechai would not bow to him, for it was foreign worship. |
יָעַץ הָמָן לְשֵׁיצָאָה יַת מׇרְדֳּכַי וְכׇל יִשְׂרָאֵל אוּמָתָא יַרְחָא אֲדָר סְלִיק לֵיהּ בָּתַר דְּאַטִיל גוֹרָלָא וְחֶשְׁבְּנוּתָא יִשְׂרָאֵל עַמָּא קַדִּישָׁא לְאַשְׁמָדָא מִתְּחוֹת שְׁמַיָּא וכׇל אַתְרְוָותָא יוֹמָא תְּלִיתָאֵי אָזַל וַאֲכַל קוּרְצָא בֵּי מַלְכוּתָא |
Haman plotted the destruction of Mordecai and all the people of Israel. He cast lots, and the calculations revealed the thirteenth day of Adar. The people of Israel, a holy nation, were to be exterminated from under heaven and all places, On the thirteenth day, he went and slandered them in the royal house. |
כַּלְבָּא בִּישָׁא אֲמַר אִיתִי גוּבְרִין מִתְבַּדְרִין בּכׇל מְדִינְתָּא כַּרְגָּא לָא יְהָבִין לְמַלְכָּא וְלָא עָבְדִין שׁוּם מְשַׁמְשׁוּתָא כַּד מִתְיַלִיד לְהוֹן דְּכַר מוֹהֲלִין וּפוֹרְעִין יָתֵיהּ בְּלָא רַחֲמְנוּתָא כְּדֵין וּכְדֵין עָבְדִין בִּישָׁא דְלָא לְמִפְרַט בְּשִׁפְוָתָא |
The vicious cur said, “There are men dispersed in all the provinces, Who don’t pay taxes to the king, more do any service. When a male of them is born, they circumcise and tear him open without mercy, Such and such cruelty they do, without specifying with their lips. |
לֵאלָהָךְ לֵית אִינּוּן פָּלְחִין וְאָמְרִין דְּלֵית בֵּיהּ מְשָׁשׁוּתָא לְכוּלָא שַׁתָּא מַסְקִין בְּשִׁהִי וּפִהִי וּמְקַלְלִין בְּבֵי כְּנִישְׁתָּא לְמַלְכוּתָא לְיֵינָא דִילָן טָמֵא קַרְיָין וּמוֹשְׁדִין יָתַהּ כְּמֵי מְסָאֲבוּתָא לְמִשְׁבַּק יַתְהוֹן בְּאַרְעָא בִּישׁ יִמְטֵי לָנָא וְסַגְיָא עֲוַיָיתָא |
To your god they do not worship, and say that he is insubstantial. They spend all year in tarrying and idleness, and curse the kingdom in the synagogue. Our wine they call impure, and toss it like sewage-water. Leaving them in the land is bad, they will come to us and increase offense. |
מַלְכִּי יִשְׁפַּר עֲלָךְ לְאַתְרָכָא לְהוֹן מֵאַרְעָךְ בְּחָדָא שַׁעְתָּא מִן דָּא יֵיתוּן עַסַר אֲלַף קַנְטְנַרִין דְכַסְפָּא לְגִנְזָא דְמַלְכוּתָא שְׁמַיָּא אֲתִיבוּ לֵיהּ רָשָע כְּבַר אַקְדִימוּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתִּקְלִין דְמִשְׁכַּנְתָּא מָרָא דְעַלְמָא יַעֲבִיד עִמָּךְ מִלְחַמְתָּא וּקְרָבוּתָא |
My king, it would be better for you to drive them out from your land at a single time. From this, let ten thousand silver centenarii be given into the royal treasury!” Heaven responded to him, “Wicked one, the shekalim of the Tabernacle have already set Israel above you. The Master of the World will make war and battle against you.” |
נְטַל מַלְכָּא עִזְקָא מִן יְדוֹי וַאֲמַר לחָמָן בְּנַקְשׁוּתָא נְסִיב לָךְ כַּסְפָּא וְהַדֵין עַמָּא וַעֲבֵיד בֵּיהּ כִּרְעוּתָא נְבִיַיָא כֻּלְּהוּ לָא אִהַדַּרוּ לְיִשְׂרֽאֵל בִּתְּיוּבְתָּא כְּהַדָא עִזְקָתָא נַפְשֵׁיהוֹן אִתְמַסְרוּ בִּידֵי סַנָאָה דִגְרִיעַ מְנַחַשׁ קַדְמַייתָא |
The king took the ring of authority from his hand and gave it to the cunning Haman. He said to him, “Take the money and do with the people as you wish.” All the prophets couldn’t make Israel repent as much as that ring did! Their souls were handed over to the hateful one, more cunning than the primeval serpent. |
סִפְרֵי אִתְכַּתִּיבוּ לְשֵׁיצָאָה יַת יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד זִבּוּלָא בַּתְרַיְיתָא סְעוּדָתָא דַאֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ דְּאִתְהַנִי מִינָהּ עָבְדָה לְהוֹן הַאַידָתָא סוֹדָא גְלִי לֵאלִיָהוּ מִשְׁמַיָּא דְיָכְלִין צַדִּיקַיָּא לְמִבְטַל דָא גְזֵרָתָא |
Books were written to destroy Israel, even to the lowest dunghill. The feast of Ahasuerus, for him to enjoy, she made at that time for them. Elijah revealed the secret from heaven, so that the righteous could annul this decree. |
עוּבְדָא סָח אֵלִיָהוּ לְמׇרְדֳּכַי בְּחֶלְמָא דְהוּא צַדִּיקָא וְרֵישׁ גַלְוָתָא עֵיטָא יְהַב לֵיהּ לְאַלְבָּשָׁא שַׂק וְאֵפֶר וּלְאַפוּשֵׁי צְלוּתָא |
Elijah told Mordecai the matter in a dream – for he was righteous and the head of exiles. He gave him advice to wear sackcloth and ashes and to spread out in prayer. |
פּוּרְפּוּרֵיהּ בְּזַע וּלְבִישׁ שַׂקָא וְאָתָא עַד קֳדָם תְַּרעָא דְמַלְכוּתָא פְּרִיסְתְּקָא שָׁדְרָא אֶסְתֵּר לְמִגְזַר צוֹמָא לְכׇל עַמָּא יוֹמִין תְּלָתָא |
He tore his purple, put on sackcloth, and came before the king’s gate. He sent Esther a message to decree a three-day fast for all the people. |
צְמִית אוּף הִיא וְאַעֲלִית קֳדָם מַלְכָּא בְּלָא הַרְמְנוּתָא צַדִּיקַת אִתְלַבַּשַׁת חִינָא וְאוֹשִׁיט לָהּ אֲחֲשְׁוֵרֹשׁ שַׁרְבִּטָא דְמַלְכוּתָא צְוַח וַאֲמַר מָה בָּעִיתְּ יְהִיבְנָא לְבַר מִבִּנְיָן מַקְדְשָׁא בִּירוּשְׁלַם קְַרְתָּא |
She also fasted, and went up before the king without permission. She wore righteous grace, and Ahasuerus held out to her the scepter of rule. He cried and said, “What do you desire? I will give it, excepting building the Temple in the city of Jerusalem.” |
קֳבֵל דְנָא אָמְרָה יֵיתִי מַלְכָּא וְהָמָן לְאֵרִסְטוֹן דִּי תַּקְנִית וְשֵׁרוּתָא קַבְעִין תֶּהֱווּן אוּף לְמָחַר דְּאַעֲבִיד לְכוֹן סְעוּדָתָא |
Upon this she said, “Let the king and Haman come to the luncheon and meal that I have made. Agree to do so tomorrow, when I will make you a feast!” |
רְשִׁיְעָא הָמָן אִתְיַיהֵר וְחַוִי דָא מִלְּתָא לְאִנְתְּתֵיה וּבְנֵי בֵּיתָא רְבוּתָא דַּעַבְדָה לֵיהּ אֶסְתֵּר גָּרְמָה לֵיהּ קְטַלָא וּמוֹתָא |
The wicked Haman arrogantly showed those words to his wife and household-members. The greatness that Esther had made him caused him killing and death. |
שִׁנְתָא נְדַּת מִמַלְכָּא וְהָשְׁדָא לְמַלְכְּתָא עַל דְּזַמְנָא לְבַר הַמְדָתָא שִׁדֵר לְמֵיתֵי וּלְמִקְרֵי קֳדָמוֹהִי יַת סִפְרֵי דוֹכְרְנַיְיתָא שִׁמְשַׁי מוֹחֵק וְגַבְרִיאֵל כּוֹתֵב דְמׇרְדֳּכַי אַצֵל לְמַלְכָּא מִסָמָא דְמוֹתָא |
Sleep fled from the king, and he threw to the queen that he had invited the son of Hammedatha. He send to bring and read before him the books of remembered deeds. Shimshai erased, but Gabriel wrote that Mordechai saved the king from deadly poison. |
תִּוַה מַלְכָּא עַל דְלָא אִתְעַבִיד עִמֵּיהּ שׁוּם יְקָר וּרבוּתָא |
The king wondered why no honor and greatness had been done for him! |
מַאן בְּדַרְתָּא שָׁאִיל וְהָמָן אָתִי לְמֵימַר דַעֲבִיד לְמׇרְדֳּכַי צְלִיבוּתָא אֲמַר מַלְכָּא סַב לְבוּשָׁא וְסוּסָא וְאַרְכִּיב לְמׇרְדֳּכַי בְּשׁוּשַׁן בִּירָתָא |
“Who’s in the court?” he asked, and Haman came to say to make a crucifix for Mordechai. The king told him, to him to set Mordecai in clothes on a horse and have him ride through Shusha, the capital. |
הַאי שַׁעֲתָּא אוֹדִיקַת בְּרַתֵּיהּ מֵחָלוֹנָא וְשָׁדִית עֲלֵיהּ עֲצִיצָא דְצוֹאָתָא רִשְׁעָתֵּיהּ תִבַּת בְּישֵׁיהּ וְאַתְחִיל לְמִנְפַּל מֵרְבוּתֵיהּ לְשְׁאוֹל תַּחְתִּיתָא |
At that moment, his own daughter saw him from the window and threw a full chamber-pot at him. His wickedness turned bad on him and he began to fall from his greatness into lowest Tartarus. |
חַרְבוּנָה חַוִי לְמַלְכָּא דְאַתְקִין צְלָבָא לְמׇרְדֳּכַי עַל דְּשֵׁזְבֵּיהּ מִגוֹ מוֹתָא רְגַז מַלְכָּא וַאֲמַר צְלִיבוּ יַת הָמָן עֲלֵיהּ עַל דְמָרִיד בְּמַלְכוּתָא |
Ḥarvonah told the king that he had set up a crucifix for Mordechai in order to save him from death. The king was enraged and said, “Crucify Haman on it, for rebelling against the kingdom!” |
וְיָהֵיב רְשׁוּ לִיהוּדָאֵי לְמִקְטַל יַת עַמְמַיָּא דְאִינּוּן לְהוֹן נִגְוָתָא חֱדוֹ יְהוּדָאֵי וּצְלִיבוּ בְּנוֹהִי דְהָמָן מִן פַּרְשַׁנְדָתָא עַד וַיְזָתָא |
And he gave permission to the Jews to kill any nations who would go against them. The Jews rejoiced and crucified the sons of Haman, from Parshandatha to Vaizatha. |
יוֹמָא דְפּוּרְיָא שְׁפַר עֲלָן לְמֶהֱנֵי שְׁבָחֵי דְתַּלְמוּדֵי דְרַב שָׁתָא צַדִּיקַיָּא מְסַחְרִין עֲלֵי תַּכָּא דְרַב יֵינָא דְנָטִיר בֵּי נַעֲוָותָא חַמְרָא טָבָא לְפוּם רַבֲּנָן וְתַלְמִידֵיהוֹן לְמַקְבַָע הִלְכְתָא כְּרַב כַּתָא |
On the day of Purim, it is fitting for us to enjoy the praises of the Talmud of R. Drink. The righteous celebrate with the tray of R. Wine, which is guarded from the vat house. Good wine, per fiat of our rabbis and their students, establishing the law per R. Pile. |
חָמְשִׁין אִינּוּן אוּשְפּוּזִין שְׁרִירִין וְקַיָימִין לְמִשְׁתֵּי חַמְרָא בְּכׇל שַׁתָּא זַכָּאִין אִינּוּן דְשַׁתְיָין בְּהַאי יוֹמָא יֵינָא וְדוּשְׁבָא רִבְוָותָא חַמְרָא יָגֵן עֲלֵיהוֹן וְיִדְמְכוּן כְּלוֹט דְעָרַק מִן גוֹ סְדוֹם קִרְיָיתָא |
These fifty guests, standing and established to drink wine all the time, They are worthy to drink wine and mead in abundance on this day. May wine shield them, may they be lie down like Lot as he fled from the city of Sodom! |
This is the Aqdamut for Purim by Avraham Menaḥem Mendel Mohr from his Kol Bo l’Purim (1855) transcribed and translated from Aramaic into English by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer.
Source(s)
Notes
| 1 | Referring to distilled beverages. |
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“אַקְדָּמוּת מִלִּין (לַפּוּרִים) | Aqdamut for Purim, by Avraham Menaḥem Mendel Mohr (1855)” is shared through the Open Siddur Project with a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International copyleft license.
Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)
Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)
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