Rabbi Shimon ben Eliyahu Hakham (Hebrew: שמעון חכם‎; 1843-1910) was a Bukharian rabbi residing in Jerusalem who promoted literacy by translating Hebrew religious books into Bukhori. Born in Bukhara, he was the great-grandson of Rabbi Yosef Maimon, who led a religious revival among Bukharian Jews. Taking a great interest in literature, Hakham spoke his native Bukhori, Persian, Hebrew, and Arabic. In 1870, he opened the "Talmid Hakham' yeshiva in Bukhara. During his life Shimon Hakham wrote and translated into Bukharian more than 50 books.