💬 Təʾəzazä Sänbät, a work from the Greater Betä Ǝsraʾel Canon, translated and cantillated in Masoretic Hebrew

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Date: 2021-10-30

Last Updated: 2023-04-07

Categories: Shabbat Readings, Midrash Aggadah

Tags: Angels, Ethiopian Jewry, Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus, parabiblical aggadah, Sabbath Queen, Te'ezaza Sanbat

Excerpt: The Təʾəzazä Sänbät, or the Commandments of the Sabbath, is a unique and fascinatingly eclectic work, combining Enochic and aggadic material with an almost kabbalistic personification of Shabbat, and influence from Islamic and Christian texts. Attributed to Abba Ṣabra, a famed 15th-century convert to Judaism, it is a compilation of texts meant to be studied and considered on Shabbat, alongside unique and striking visualizations of divine cosmology, heaven and hell, and midrashim found nowhere else. . . .

Content:

The Betä Ǝsraʾel community of Ethiopia has an extensive and complex collection of scripture, known as the Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus (literally: Holy Books). Outside of the Orit (or Octateuch — the holiest part of the Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus, including the Five Books, Joshua, Judges, and Ruth) they also preserve all of the books of the Septuagint and many deuterocanonical books, as well as books unique to their community. One of these books has already been posted here. But this is another, often considered the crown jewel of the Betä Ǝsraʾel-specific books.

Təʾəzazä Sänbät, or the Commandments of the Sabbath, is a unique and fascinatingly eclectic work, combining Enochic and aggadic material with an almost kabbalistic personification of Shabbat, and influence from Islamic and Christian texts. Attributed to Abba Ṣabra, a famed 15th-century convert to Judaism, it is a compilation of texts meant to be studied and considered on Shabbat, alongside unique and striking visualizations of divine cosmology, heaven and hell, and midrashim found nowhere else.

The English text here was translated directly from the Gəʿəz by well-known Ethiopic scholar and Holocaust survivor Wolf Leslau (z”l), and the Hebrew was translated and cantillated by the editor. While the editor has access to the Gəʿəz text recorded by Joseph Hálevy, many scholars consider his text to be unreliable, and Leslau’s translation is based on MS d’Abbadie, 107, fol. 105r° ff., a manuscript at the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris. Anyone who has access to a high-quality transcription of said manuscript, or who would like to commission another work, should contact the editor through his website at igmjewishcreativeworks.com or email him at his work email.

We have added section numbers to the work corresponding to the nineteen sections Wolf Leslau describes in his “Synopsis” to Təʾəzazä Sänbät. (Find below, in brackets.)

Note: the divine name in the Hebrew text is vocalized יֶהִוַהֵ. This is meant to reflect the traditional Gəʿəz epithet in place of the Divine Name, ʾƎgziʾäbəḥer. When chanted aloud, it is intended by the editor that ʾƎgziʾäbəḥer is used where other texts might use Adonai.

An Introduction to the Təʾəzazä Sänbät (Wolf Leslau 1951)

^[1] From the Falasha Anthology (1951). The term Falasha, meaning “landless” or “wanderers,” was commonly used by the Christians of Ethiopia to refer to the Betä Ǝsraʾel, and at the time it was the standard term for the community used in scholarship. Due to its derogatory origin, the Betä Ǝsraʾel community considers it an ethnic slur. It has been retained here but replaced below in Leslau’s introduction and notes with “[Beta Israel].”

Synopsis

A collection of [Beta Israel] writings in the Geez language was given to the learned world by Jose Halévy, a scholar famous for his explorations of South Arabia. The Commandments of the Sabbath well deserves its first place in this collection, for it is one of the most attractive of [Beta Israel] literary productions.

To Jews everywhere and at all times the Sabbath has been particularly valued. But it was left for the [Beta Israel] to give it a metaphysical background by viewing the day as a female figure personifying the heavenly world. This is analogous to what Hellenistic Jewish and subsequent Gnostic speculation has done with such a concept as wisdom. But to personify the Sabbath day in similar manner was a new departure. However, the personification is not carried through consistently in this text but occurs only intermittently.

[1.] The document begins with a formula of praise of the God of Israel taken from Num. 16:22. It then relates the story of the six days of creation. The creation of man is elaborated on in an interesting way. Dust has to be brought from the country of Dudālēm for the purpose. The archangels Gērmā’ēl and ‘Aksā’ēl, who are dispatched in turn to fetch it, are overawed by the earth’s invoking God’s glorious name in self-defense and return empty handed. Běrnā’ēl, however, who has no regard for that invocation, brings the dust, but in doing so he rouses the Deity’s ire and is thrown down to earth by Michael. At God’s command he is changed into fire. He asks that those who transgress God’s commandments be given into his power so that they may be punished along with him.

[2.] God now creates Adam. Between the account of fashioning the inanimate body and that of infusing the breath of life into it there seems to be some misplaced material about God’s ceasing work on the seventh day and creating Hell on the third day. The newly formed Adam is put in the “Garden of Pleasure” to guard it for forty-one days. He transgresses the commandments of the Creator (though no prohibition has been stated) and is claimed by Běrnā’ēl. By invoking the name of God he manages to have this fate put off. We then hear that man has transgressed night and day on the Sabbath. Once more Bernā’ēl claims him and receives consent to man’s being punished with him in Hell. The angels, however, advise Adam to go into God’s presence and ask God to give him the holy Sabbath. He stays there for forty-one days).

[3.] Without further explanation of this issue we hear of the Lord’s creating woman out of a rib; the story of the fall is related essentially as in Gen. 2-3. Here, however, the garden is called ‘Elyās and man after being driven out of it dwells east of Edom.

[4.] At this point the author introduces an interlude in which the archangels praise God and ask Him for food. The earth implores Him for rain, God finally sends it, and all the birds and animals praise the Creator.

[5.] The story of humanity continues. This is a separate piece, however, for the name of the garden is ‘Elda, and man’s expulsion from it is referred to only incidentally in connection with the statement that Enoch has been placed in the garden and will stay there till the Savior comes.

[6.] A new beginning is apparently made with the statement, “This is the Book of Israel, concerning the greatness and the glory of the Sabbath of Israel.” The section that follows here speaks first of the institution of the rest day and gives a divine oracle concerning it, composed of exhortations and pre dictions as to the fate after death of those who disregard the Sabbath. Here the personification of the Sabbath begins. She rises from her seat in Heaven on Friday at dawn, the spirit of God descends, the angels crown her (duplicate statements suggest that several versions have been combined here) and bring her down from on high. Sabbath looks upon the souls of the just in the garden, causing them to rejoice, and even the sinners in Sheol love her, repentant over the evil they did on the Sabbath and hopeful that they may be brought up out of the place of torture. After some general statements about those who do the right thing on the Sabbath and further admonitions and assurances to them, the theme of deliverance from Sheol is continued. God commands Michael to go down to Sheol to bring out those in the nether world and give them a reprieve from the ninth hour of Friday until Sunday morning. But the hardened sinners apparently have to stay in Sheol, though they appeal to Michael for deliverance. Michael, following divine instructions, brings the souls of the just into the garden on the ninth hour of Friday. Here they are graciously received. Sabbath presents to God those “who believe in me and Thee” but apparently have no good works to rely on, and asks mercy for them; they receive the divine pity and are sent away with out humiliation. There is some further discussion of the kind of men who enter Paradise and who enjoy divine favor on the Day of Judgment, as well as of those who came out of Sheol or were brought up by Michael. Their punishment is considered preferable to Sheol. Observance of the Sabbath is enjoined and the angels of Heaven sing a song in praise of the divine victor.

[7.] The next section begins, “These are the commandments of the Sabbath, etc.” After a restatement of the Sabbath rules there is a whole series of laws involving the death penalty, interrupted however by a section describing the blessedness of the Sabbath day. Then the personified Sabbath states that she was present at creation and asks not to be sent to the unjust. A declaration of God to Moses, again containing a list of transgressions with the death penalty, is given, and in conclusion there are some general observations contrasting the just and the unjust.

[8.] The creation of an angel—the eagle Tāni—is next mentioned. He is sent to explore Gehenna. When he returns emaciated after a twenty-year absence he admits not having reached the end of it, but he gives God a description of the punishments of Hell.

[9.] Then follows a predictive piece. On the day when God reprimands the children of Adam, Sabbath will stand at the entrance of Hell and appeal for special consideration for those who kept the Sabbath (whatever else they may have done); she will be given a favorable answer. Some mixed material, largely in praise of keeping the Sabbath, terminates this section.

[10.] A new section is introduced by praise to God in which angels and earth and stars participate. God’s mercy to men is exemplified by biblical personages from Adam to Elisha. This is developed in detail. Once more we hear of Adam’s creation, of his being put in the Garden of Pleasure, and of his expulsion from it. Noah receives passing mention. This is followed by a reference to God’s mercy to Abraham. The story of the birth and youth of Abraham is related with special emphasis on his breaking his father’s idols. Terah sends him to Nimrod, king of Canaan, who attempts to make him worship idols and when unsuccessful throws Abra ham into the flames of an oven. God, however, sends Gabriel down to deliver the patriarch. The story of the sacrifice of Isaac is related next. We learn in connection with it that the horn of the ram that was substituted for Isaac will be blown by Elijah on Mount Zion and its blast will be heard to the ends of the earth on the Last Day.

[11.] The significance of Adam’s fall is considered, but Moses’ work, carried further by good priests, kings, and prophets, is viewed as putting us back in the garden of delight.

[12.] The biblical story of the golden calf is told, and especially how the calf was ground to powder and the Israelites made to drink it; 20,700 who had given gold for making the calf died. Apparently, however, some 102,090 of the survivors separated themselves from the rest and arrived at the plain of ‘Iyārēwos, where they are imagined to abide still, alienated from God. It is not clear to whom the statement “Those who died were saints, and they shall be men of renown on the Last Day” refers.

[13.] The personified Sabbath reappears. Attended by angels she worships the Creator on Friday morning. God converses with her and tells her that those who honor her honor Him. Sabbath praises the Lord and then leaves the camp of God attended by angels. They bring her to earth and report the deeds of men on the Sabbath day to God, who then rewards or punishes. God bids all people praise Him. Here follow some reflections and laws about the Sabbath day and the Sabbath year. The theme of Sabbath’s descent to earth on Friday at the ninth hour is resumed. She bids Michael, Gabriel, Rumā’ēl, and Uriel bring her those who are her own. This leads to a struggle with the hosts of Bērnā’ēl who are driven back to Sheol. Michael then ascends to Sabbath and reports on the struggle. Sabbath appeals to God to give her those who love her. God agrees. She promises to intercede for those who fear her on the Last Day, but those who disregard her will be seized by the hosts of Bērnā’ēl.

[14.] There follow statements about God’s giving the Sabbath to Moses. However, Sabbath was with God from eternity, though not yet visible at the time when God’s spirit moved on the face of the waters. In the material that follows the personified Sabbath is not mentioned again. There is an account of the days of creation and of how God celebrated the Sabbath in Heaven on the seventh day and ordered the two kinds of angels to keep it, predicting, too, that he would take for his own a people from among all peoples that would keep the Sabbath.

[15.] A transition to the history of Adam to Moses is then made, but that history is not elaborated on. An apocalyptic passage is introduced referring to the Ethiopian king, Gabra Masqal, and his successors and the eclipse of that line.

[16.] Rather abruptly a commandment about bringing offerings on the fifth (?) day is introduced. Then follows narrative material. The angels, seeing that the Sabbath (?) was not sanctified on the fifth day, came before God apparently seeking to have the Sabbath for themselves. However, God rejected that request. He had not given the Sabbath even to his servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob! After the angels have praised God in all three Heavens he gives them their food, the manna. They eat and continue their praise of the Creator, standing at their places, while the doors of the house of God are open on New Moon and Sabbath. The earthly scene is then envisaged in more detail. The purpose of God’s creation of the Sabbath is pointed out, and a regulation about the seventh Sabbath after the Passover and the fiftieth day (Pentecost) is added. The angels are called upon to praise the man who observed the Sabbath.

[17.] The personified Sabbath now descends to earth at Jerusalem and is received by Abel, Enoch, and Melchizedek and crowned by angels. There are explanations of the benefits gained by honoring her, and admonitions and promises from God who announces the glory of His name. A saying of God to Moses on the third Sabbath of the fifth month is reported.

[18.] An apocalyptic piece is then introduced. When God questions men at the final assize Sabbath intercedes for those who were loyal to her. The text then passes into warnings and exhortations.

[19.] Once more the theme of the creation of man is introduced. Man and woman were created in the first week, but woman was not shown to man until the second. They came into Eden on the fortieth and eightieth days respectively. These “facts” supposedly explain certain laws of purification. Incidents of patriarchal history are related which took place in the fourth and seventh months and thus apparently have particular dignity. The text ends with God’s declaration of his love for Abraham and his seed and a suitable benediction.

Sources

The sources are mostly Jewish, both biblical and extra-biblical. The most interesting and original part of the book is the concept of the Sabbath and the legends concerning her.

The Sabbath is a holy entity. Various names are given her: Luminous, Vivifying, Rejoicing, Beloved, and Guardian. She is also called the “Sabbath of Israel,” and the “Sabbath of God.” She intercedes with God insistently, for both the righteous and the sinners. That the sinners rest in Hell on the Sabbath and are not punished on that day is well known in Jewish, Christian, and Moslem writings, and is often mentioned in the Commandments of the Sabbath. What characterizes our book is its originality and the picturesque description of how the Sabbath, crowned on that day by the angels, goes down to Sheol and delivers the sinners from their punishment.

A Jewish source other than biblical and rabbinical for this material is the Book of Jubilees. In fact, various passages such as those dealing with the creation of the world, the ordinances concerning the defilement of the woman, the commandments of the Sabbath, and others are taken from the Book of the Jubilees. Several passages, especially those concerning the angels, are drawn from the Ethiopic Enoch.

Occasionally one can find a Christian element, such as the mention of the Savior in connection with Enoch (“And Enoch will be there until the Savior comes”), and perhaps also that of the Sabbath rest of the sinners until Sunday morning, and of the offerings presented to Sabbath on Sunday. But on the whole Christian elements are insignificant, and it can safely be concluded that the Commandments of the Sabbath is strongly influenced by Jewish writings.

Some legends amplifying various accounts of the Bible, such as the creation of Adam, the story of Abraham and his relation to Nimrod, and others, are of Arabic rather than Jewish origin. They may have been taken over either orally or from translations, but in any case are found here in a very corrupt form. For example, in the story of the creation of Adam angels are sent to take dust from the earth. The names of the angels are not the same as in the Arabic sources, but the whole account corresponds exactly to what we know from Arabic texts.

Arabic origin can also be traced in the story of Nimrod who, in his desire to kill the God of Abraham, builds a high tower to reach the abode of God and then, seated in a palanquin carried by eagles, shot an arrow at someone he thought to be the God of Abraham. This account is Arabic and is related in our text in a very abridged and corrupt form.

Date of Composition

The date of this work can be determined only in a general way. The presence of influence from Christian-Arabic quarters suggests that it is not older than the fourteenth century. It is quite possible, of course, that the work contains materials which reach much further back. The extreme limit for any part of it would be the period of biblical translation from the fifth through the seventh centuries. It will be one of the tasks of future research to determine whether Jewish agadic materials or Christian sources furnish any clues that would make possible a more precise dating.

[From a family of musicians, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer believes that creative art is one of the most powerful ways to get in touch with the divine. He composes music and poetry in Hebrew and English. Isaac runs a Jewish music transcription service, which will transcribe and set any Jewish music in any language, recorded or written. To commission works, check out his website at igmjewishcreativeworks.com or email him at his work email.]

Secondary Translation (Hebrew)	Primary Translation (English)
1. בָּר֥וּךְ יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱלֹהֵ֥י כׇּל־רוּח֖וֹת וְכׇל־בָּשָֽׂר׃	1. Praised be God, the Lord of Israel, the Lord of all spirit and of all ﬂesh. (Cf. Numbers 16:22)
וַיְהִ֥י עֶ֖רֶב וַיְהִ֣י בֹ֑קֶר יָמִ֣ים שִׁשָּׁ֔ה וַיְכַ֖ל מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בָּרָ֖א אֽוֹר׃ י֥וֹם שֵׁנִ֖י בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וּמַ֕יִם לְהַרְא֖וֹת אֶת־חׇכְמָֽתוֹ׃ י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִׁ֖י בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהַיָּ֗מִים וְכׇל־עֵ֙שֶׂב֙ מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע כֹּ֖ל לְמִינֵֽיהֶם׃ י֖וֹם רְבִיעִ֑י בָּרָ֕א אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְאֶת־הַמַּזָּלֽוֹת׃ י֣וֹם חֲמִישִׁ֔י בָּרָ֖א אֶת־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם וְתַנִּ֣ינִים גְּדוֹלִ֔ים וְכׇל־ע֥וֹף כָּנָ֖ף לְמִינֵֽיהֶם׃ י֣וֹם הַשִּׁ֗שִּׁי בָּרָא֙ בְּהֵמ֣וֹת אָדָ֔ם וַֽיִּמְלְא֖וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא בָּרָ֥א אָדָ֖ם צׇהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא לִבְרֹ֖א אֶת־אָדָ֑ם וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אֶת־מַלְאָכ֛וֹ גֶּרְמָאֵ֖ל י֥וֹרֵד־אַֽרְצָה׃ וַיֵּ֩רֶד֩ מַלְאָ֨ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים אַ֗רְצָה וַיָּבֹ֕א אֶ֖רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֑ם וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ לָקַ֥חַת עָפָ֖ר מִן־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ וַיּפַ֖לֵּג אֶ֣רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֑ם וַתָּ֕נֹס בְּשֵׁ֖ם יֶהִוַ֥הֵ הָאַדִּֽיר׃ וַֽיִּרָ֥א הַמַּ֖לְאָךְ מִשֵּׁ֣ם הַקָּד֑וֹשׁ וַיֵּ֙צֵא֙ וַיָּ֣שׇׁב לְשַׁלְּח֔וֹ וַיַּעֲמֹ֛ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֵלָ֑יו לָמָּ֕ה לֹ֥א הֵבֵ֖אתָ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים לְשַׁלְּח֗וֹ הִנֵּ֞ה הָאָ֤רֶץ קָרְאָה֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַתָּ֖נֹס בְּשֵׁ֣ם כְּבֹדֶ֑ךָ וַאֲנִ֨י יָרֵ֧א מִשִּׁמְךָ֛ הַכָּב֥וֹד הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהֶחָזָֽק׃ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ וַֽיֶּחֱרַד֙ מֵרֹ֣אשׁ וְעֵד־רֶ֔גֶל וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְאֵ֛ינוֹ לְדַבֵּ֖ר לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלְחֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיְחַדֵּ֣שׁ לִבּ֔וֹ כִּי־כִּבֵּ֖ד בְּשֵׁ֥ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיִּ֧רָא הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ מִשֵּׁ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֶּחֱזַֽק׃	And it was night, and it was day. And it was six days, and He finished His work. The first^[2] Thus in H. day He created the light. The second day He created Heaven^[3] Thus in H. and water showing His wisdom.^[4] Wisdom is the one “that sitteth by” God on His throne (Wisdom of Solomon 9:4). It was with Him when He made the world (ibid., 9: 9). See also, I Enoch 84: 3; II Enoch 30: 8; Prov. 8. The third day He created the earth, the sea, and everything that grows, each after its kind and aspect. The fourth day He created the sun, the moon, and the constellations of stars. The fifth day He created the angels of Heaven,^[5] According to Jewish tradition the angels were created either on the first or on the fifth day (Legends, 1, 16; 5, 20, n. 61). For the creation of the angels on the first day, see also, Bezold, Schatzhöhle, p. i. the big sea monsters,^[6] A has ʾanābt instead of ʾanāběrt of H. and the fowl after their kind. The sixth day He created the animals fit for (food for) human kind until the earth was full of them,^[7] Yěfadfěd in H; A has wrongly yěraffěd. and then, on the same day, He created Adam, at midday.^[8] On the hour when Adam was created, see Aptowitzer, Agadoth, pp. 112, 121. According to some Arabic traditions Adam was created between noon and evening; according to others, in the third hour of the sixth clay (R. Gottheil, “Adam,” JE, 1, 178; Weil, Biblical Legends, p. 19). On that day God Himself thought to create Adam,^[9] This corresponds to the Arabic concept that God alone created Adam (Ṭabari, Chronique, 1, 72), and not to the Jewish idea which interprets Gen. 1:26, “Let us make man…,” as addressed to helpers. and He sent His angel called Gěrmāʾēl^[10] This name is composed of gěrmā, “majesty,” and ʾēl, “God,” found in many names of the angels; H has ʾAksāʾēl. down to earth. The angel of God came to the earth, reached the country of Dudālēm,^[11] This name does not seem to occur in the other accounts of the creation of Adam. It may be a misread form of an Arabic source. There is a form, (ḏū) ʾadim, used by Ṭabari, Annales, p. 87, when speaking of Adam: xuliqa min ʾadim(in), “he was created from earth,” and corresponding to Hebrew ʾaḏamah. An expression ḏū ʾadim, read ḏūʾadīm and corrupted into dudālēm, would not be impossible. According to Jewish tradition the dust might have been collected from all the earth or from a particular place (Aptowitzer, Agadoth, p. 121). and was about to take dust from the earth. The country of Dudālēm was cleft asunder and took refuge in the name of the mighty Lord.^[12] Probably reﬂects the Arabic ʿāḏat, “she took refuge.” The angel, fearing the Holy Name, left (that country) and returned to his sender and stood trembling before God. God said to him: “Why didst thou not bring me [the dust of the earth]?” The angel of God said to his sender: “The earth invoked Thy name and took refuge in Thy glorious name.^[13] The earth refused to give dust because it was destined to become cursed through man (Legends, I, 54). The same idea is expressed in Arabic legends (Ṭabari, Chronique, I, 72 ff.). I feared Thy name, the glorious, great, and strong.”^[14] From H. The angel stood trembling from head to foot, his soul trembled, and he was unable to speak to Him who had sent him. God said to him: “Fear not.”^[15] According to H. And his mind was restored, for he glorified the name of God. And the angel, who feared the name of God, became strong.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בְּלִ֔בּוֹ אֶשְׁבֹּ֖תָה מִבְּרִיאָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָ֣ךְ אַחֵ֔ר וּשְׁמ֖וֹ אַכְּסָאֵֽל׃ וַיָּ֨קׇם הַמַּלְאָ֜ךְ וַיָּבֹ֧א דּוּדָלֵ֛מָה וַיִּקַּ֖ח מִן־הֶעָפָ֑ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּשֵׁ֥ם קׇדְשׁ֖וֹ אָנֽוּס׃ וַֽיִּרָ֛א גַם־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ הַזֶּ֖ה מִשֵּׁ֣ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיֵּ֖צֵא מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשׁ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּצְבָ֥א יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָ֑ךְ לָמָּ֖ה לֹ֥א הֵבֵאתָֽנִי׃ וַיַּ֧עַן הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ כִּמְעַ֥ט מְעַ֖ט וַיֹּאמַ֑ר כִּ֚י שִׁמְךָ֔ נוֹרָ֖א עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ וַיֹּ֮אמֶר֮ יֶהִוַהֵ֒ מִ֣י ה֗וּא כִּ֛י גָּלָ֥ה אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְאֵֽי־זֶ֖ה הֽוּא׃ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֛ין גָּלָ֥ה אֶת־שִׁ֖מְךָ לְפָנַ֑י אַ֚ךְ קָרְאָה־ב֣וֹ הָאָ֔רֶץ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשִֽׁי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בָּר֖וּךְ יָרֵ֣א שְׁמִ֑י וּמְכַבְּדֵנִ֕י לֹ֥א יוֹרְדִ֖ים גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃	God then thought: “I shall desist from creating [Adam].” Then [He sent] another angel named ʾAksāʾēl.^[16] H has Gěrmāʾēl The angel rose up, reached the (land) of Dudālēm, and took from the dust [of the earth. The earth said]: “I take refuge in His Holy Name.” This angel, too, feared the name of God and left the earth. The soul of the one who belonged to the army of God trembled. God said to the angel: “Why didst thou not bring me [the dust of the earth]?” The angel answered, though he was hardly able to do it, and said: “Because Thy name is terrible forever.” God said to him: “Who revealed my name to thee, and who is he?” “None revealed to me^[17] Taken from H. Thy name, but the earth invoked it, and my soul trembled.” God said: “He who fears my name is blessed. Likewise they who honor me will not enter into Hell.”
וַיַּ֗עַן הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הָרִאשׁוֹן֮ בֶּרְנַאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בִּ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הָאֵ֥ל הַגָּד֖וֹל לְעֹלָ֑ם וַיִּקְצֹ֗ף וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לִשְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שַׁלְּחָ֣ם יֶהִוַ֔הֵ כִּ֛י מִצְוַ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לֹא־שְׁמַֽעְתֶּם׃ וַיִּחַ֨ר אַ֥ף יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּבֶרְנַאֵ֑ל עַ֖ל אֹד֥וֹת זֶֽה׃ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר שַׁלְּחֵ֙נִי֙ וְאֵ֣לְכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁלְחֵ֖הוּ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיָּ֤קׇם בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ בִּצְבָ֣א יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מַהֵ֖ר וְהָבֵ֥אנִי הֶעָפָֽר׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֣א בֶּרְנַאֵל֮ וַֽיִּשְׂמַ֣ח בְּלִבּוֹ֒ עַ֚ל אֹד֣וֹת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַיָּ֖רׇץ מִסּ֣וֹף הַמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַֽיָּבֹ֛א אַ֖רְצָה דּוּדָלֵֽם׃ וַֽיָּבֹא֙ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֣ד הָאָ֔רֶץ וַֽתִּפֹּ֥ל עָלֶ֖יהָ אֵימָ֣תָה וָפַ֑חַד וַתֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֚י הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ יָק֔וּם כִּ֚י שְׁנֵֽי־הַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים אֲשֶֽׁר־לְפָנָ֔יו לֹא־קָ֖מוּ וְלֹֽא־לָקָֽחוּ׃ וַיִּקַּ֖ח הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַתְּהִ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לִתְה֥וֹם גָדֽוֹל׃ וַֽתִּקְרָא֙ בְּק֣וֹל רָ֔ם מִתּוֹכָ֖ם וְעַ֣ד יְסוֹדָ֑ם וַיָּ֕נֹס בְּשֵׁ֖ם הָאֵ֥ל הָאַדִּֽיר׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵ֖ל לֹא־אֶעֱנֶ֣ה דָּבָ֑ר וַתִּזְעַ֨ק בְּק֤וֹל רָם֙ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שַׁלְּח֔וֹ וַֽתֵּ֕בְךְּ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃	The archangel of God named Běrnāʾēl^[18] Běrnāʾēl is explained by Halévy, Těʾězāza, iv, n. i, as a contraction of běrhān ʾēl, “the light of El” (cf. Lucifer). The form běrnā– would then reﬂect an Amharic form. The form Běrhānāʾēl also exists (Aescoli, p. 130); Aescoli, p. 126, n. 17, identifies the name with Ḥaza’el of the Book of Enoch. In our text Běrnāʾēl has the same role as Běryāl, Běrnāʾēl in the Book of the Angels (see below, p. 53), and it is possible that Běryāl is remodeled into Běrnāʾēl after the numerous names of angels and devils ending in ʾēl, “God.” answered and said: “O God, the great Lord forever,” and became angry and said to the two archangels whom God had sent: “You have disobeyed the commandment of God.” God was angry at Běrnāʾēl because of that. [And Běrnāʾēl said to God]: “Send me and I shall go.”^[19] The text contains some words which do not yield any meaning. God (decided) to send him. Běrnāʾēl, of the army of God, stood up. God said: “Hurry, and bring me the dust.” Běrnāʾēl came, rejoicing in his heart because of God, ran from the end^[20] To be read děngāga as in H instead of děngādē as in A. of the camp, and arrived in the land of Dudālēm. When he arrived the earth trembled, was fearful and agitated. It knew while (the angel) stood there [that he would take the dust], whereas previously the two angels did not rise up and take it. The angel Běrnāʾēl took the dust, and the earth became a big abyss. It shouted aloud from its interior to its foundations and took refuge in the mighty name of God. Běrnāʾēl said: “I shall not answer anything.” The earth shouted aloud to the One who had sent (the angel),^[21] The text is slightly corrupt. wept, and trembled for seven years.
וַיִּקַּ֤ח בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ זֵ֣ד הַזֵּדִ֔ים חֹ֑מֶר הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיִּשָּׂאֵ֥הוּ וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיַּ֨רְא יֶהִוַ֧הֵ בָּאָ֛רֶץ וָיַּחֲשֹׁ֖ב כִּ֥י חֲרֵ֑דָה׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ הִ֨נֵּה חָרְדָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים עַד־בִּיאַ֖ת שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹב֑ל וְהִיא֙ תֶּחֱרַ֣ד כָּזֶ֔ה מִן־הַיּ֧וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה עַ֖ד אַחֲרִ֥ית הַשָּׁנִֽים׃ וַיַּ֣חַז יֶהִוַ֔הֵ עַל־בֶּרְנַאֵ֖ל בָּחֳרִי־אַ֑ף וַיֹּאמֶ֖ר הֱיֵ֥ה אֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֣ל הַמַּלְאָ֑ךְ תַּפְּשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ בְּכַ֣ף רַגְלָ֔יו וְהַשְׁלִכֵ֧הוּ אָ֛רְצָה וּבְפָנָ֖יו הַכֵּֽהוּ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מִיכָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ תֵּנְנִי־נָ֛א הַכֹּ֖ח לַהֲפֹכֽוֹ׃ וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיִּתֵּ֧ן מֵרְצֹנ֛וֹ וּמִכֹּח֖וֹ לְמִיכָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְּתַפֵּ֥שׂ מִיכָאֵ֖ל בְּכַף־רֶ֣גֶל בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֖יכֵהוּ אָֽרְצָה׃ וַיִּמְעַט֙ קֶ֣בֶר בֶּרְנַאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֥י כׇּל־גּוּפ֖וֹ לְכִבְשָׁן־אֵ֑שׁ פֶּ֥ן־הֵעִ֛יר דִּבָּ֖ה בְּדִ֥בְרֵי־פִֽיו׃ וַיִּרְמֹ֨ס יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֶת־הַזֵּ֛ד וַיֹּ֖אמֶר ל֑וֹ כִּ֕י הִנֵּ֖ה תְּהִ֥י אֵֽשׁ׃	Běrnāʾēl, the very proud, took clay of the earth,^[22] The text is slightly corrupt. carried it and brought it before God. God looked upon the earth and contemplated while it trembled.^[23] For the creation of Adam in Jewish legends, see Legends, 1, 52 5.; V. Aptowitzer, “La Création de l’homme d’après les anciens interprètes,” REJ, 75 (1922), 1-15; Agadoth. pp. 112-128. According to some Jewish sources the band of the archangel Michael advised God not to create Adam and was consumed by fire except for its chief Michael. The same thing happened to the band of Gabriel. But the band of Labbiel, taught by the horrible fate of its predecessors, yielded to God’s wishes, and Labbiel had his name changed to Raphael (Legends, 1, 53-54). The source of the [Beta Israel] legend however is the Arabic legend according to which Gabriel went to fetch dust from the earth from the place where the present Kaʿaba is situated. The earth refused to give its dust, fearing that it might be cursed because of man. Gabriel withdrew and the same thing happened to Michael, but lzraʾel, the Angel of Death, was not afraid of the earth and brought the dust (Ṭabari, Chronique, I, 72 ff., and others). God said: “Behold, the earth trembled seven years until the beginning of the jubilee. It will tremble thus beginning from today until the end of the years.” God looked upon Běrnāʾēl with anger and said: “Become fire.” He then said to the angel named Michael: “Take him by his foot, throw him down upon the earth, and slap him upon his cheek.” Michael said to God: “Give me the strength to overpower him.” God agreed and gave His favor and strength to Michael. Michael seized Běrnāʾēl’s foot and threw him down upon the earth. Běrnāʾēl’s grace became deficient,^[24] To be read gwadalo as in H. and his whole body became a furnace of fire^[25] On the fight of Michael against Běrnāʾēl and his hosts, see below, p. 32. 3 because he aroused^[26] The text has a negation. suspicion by the very words of his mouth. God crushed this insolent one and said to him: “Verily, thou shalt become fire.”^[27] It is obscure why God threw Běrnāʾēl down to earth. According to Jewish and Moslem legends Satan was jealous of the first man and did not want to show reverence and pay homage to him (Adam and Eve, Secs. 13 ff.; Legends, 1, 62). According to II Enoch 29: 4—5, the fall of Satan took place because he was jealous of God.
וַיֹּאמַ֑ר תְּנֵנִי־נָ֛א אֶת־הַחֹטְאִ֥ים וְהָעֹבְרִ֖ים אֶת־חֻקֶּ֥יךָ וּמִצְוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ לְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־שֹׁמְעִ֧ים לְמִצְוֹתֶ֛יךָ יִ֥הְיוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיהֶ֖ם כָּמ֑וֹנִי וָיְּשֻׁלְּמ֖וּ אִתִּֽי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֗הֵ לְמַ֙עַן֙ שְׁמִ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֥י בָּרָ֖אתִי אָדָ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתִ֕יהוּ בְּאֶֽצְבְּעוֹתַ֖י הַקְּדוֹשִֽׁים׃ כׇּל־יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־לֹא־יִרְאֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁאֹ֑לָה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָסֻ֤רוּ מֵחַטֹּאותָם֙ בִּתְשׁוּבָה֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר יִמְרְד֥וּ בְּמִצְוֹתַ֖י יֵלְכ֥וּ עִמָּֽךְ׃ כׇּל־יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־לֹא־יִרְאֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁאֹ֑לָה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָסֻ֤רוּ מֵחַטֹּאותָם֙ בִּתְשׁוּבָה֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר יִמְרְד֥וּ בְּמִצְוֹתַ֖י יֵלְכ֥וּ עִמָּֽךְ׃	[Běrnāʾēl] said: “Give me those who sinned, transgressing Thy laws and commandments. Let the souls of those who disobeyed Thy commandments become like mine, and may they be punished with me.” God said: “It is because of my Holy Name that I created man and made him with my holy fingers.^[28] That Adam was created by God’s hand is a thought found in both Jewish and Christian sources (Legends, 1, 50; 5, 63). They who fear my name will live; they who fear not my name will descend into Hell; they who turn from their sins and repent will live;^[29] The last two sentences are repeated. they who revolt against my commandments will go with thee [into Hell].”
2. וַיִּבְרָ֞א יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֲד֤וֹן הַצֶּ֙דֶק֙ אֶת־אָדָ֔ם בְּצַלְמ֣וֹ כִּדְמוּת֔וֹ בְּאֵ֥שׁ וּבְמַ֖יִם וּבְר֥וּחַ וּבָאָֽבֶן׃ וַיַּ֣רְא יֶהִוַהֵ֮ אֶת־גּוּפוֹ֒ וְהִנֵּ֗ה עוֹד־לֹ֛א בָּאָ֥ה נַפְשׁ֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ מָה־רָעִ֖ים יָבֹ֥אוּ מִמֶּנּֽוּ׃ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֖ת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִ֑יעִי מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ וַיִּבְרָא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִ֔ישִׁי אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֖ל וְאֶת־כׇּל־צְבָאָֽיו׃ וַיִּבְרָא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֖ל וְאֶת־כׇּל־צְבָאָֽיו׃ וֶיהִוַ֗הֵ בָּרָא֙ אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֣ל וְאֶת־אִשָּׁ֔יו עַל־מַחְשְׁבֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֗ה יֶהִוַ֨הֵ בָּרָ֤א אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹל֙ כִּ֤י יֵ֙צֶר֙ לֵ֣ב הָאָדָ֔ם רַ֥ע מִנְּעֻרָ֖יו עַ֥ד־סוֹפָֽיו׃	2. God, the Lord of justice^[30] The text reads, “He said to him.” created Adam after his likeness, with the fire, water, wind, and stones.^[31] See below, p. 25. The Arabic legend, too, knows that Adam was created from earth, clay, dust, and slime (Ṭabari, Chronique, l, 75) God saw his body, and his soul had not entered yet upon him.^[32] According to Jewish and Moslem legends, Adam remained formless for eighty days. Thereupon God gave him a human form but without a soul. He remained in this condition for 120 years. It was only then that God blew into him the spirit of life (Aptowitzer, Agadoth, p. 115; Grünbaum, Neue Beitrüge, p. 12). God said: “What bad things will come from him?” God ceased to work the seventh day. The third day He created Hell^[33] According to the Agada, Hell was created on the second day (Legends, 1, 13; 5, 19). with all its hosts.^[34] This sentence is repeated. The creation of Hell and its fire took place because of the deeds of man. In fact, God created Hell because man was bad from his youth until his end.
וַֽיִּפַּ֤ח בְּאַפָּיו֙ נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֔ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִֽה׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוָהֵ֙ אֶל־אָדָ֔ם לֵ֖ךְ וָשׁ֑וּב וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיָּֽשׇׁב׃ וַֽיִּשְׂמַ֨ח יֶהִוָ֜הֵ כִּ֗י אָדָם֙ הִ֣תְהַלֵּ֔ךְ בְּגַ֥ן הָעֲדָנִ֖ים לִשְׁמֹר֑וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאֶחָ֖ד יֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֮אמֶר֮ יֶהִוָ֒הֵ֒ יֹאכַ֨ל גַּם־יִשְׂבַּ֜ע בְּפֵר֣וֹת הָעֵצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קַיָּמִ֤ים לָעַד֙ וְלֹ֣א יֹאבֵ֔דוּ וְגַ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לֹא־יַעֲבֹ֖ד וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁקֶ֑ה וְגַם֙ נִמְצָ֣א פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶ֔ם כׇּל־שָׁ֖נָה וְשָׁנָֽה׃ פֵּרוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֤א יְכַלּוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו לֹ֥א יֹאבְד֖וּ הֲדָרָ֑יו וָשֳׁרָשָׁ֖יו לֹ֥א יִיבֵֽשׁוּ׃ כְּמוֹ־פְּרִ֕י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א יְכַלֶּ֖ה אׇרְח֥וֹת הֶאָדָֽם׃ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת בְּרָאֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ אַל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו תְּנֵהוּ־נָ֖א לִֽי׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֶת־שְׁאֵלָ֗תוֹ וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְּשֵׁ֣ם יֶהִוָ֮הֵ֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ אָבִ֣י אָבִ֗י קָד֤וֹשׁ ׀ קָדוֹשׁ֙ קָד֔וֹשׁ יֶהִוָ֥הֵ צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֶ֑ךָ לֹ֚א תָּמ֣וּג מַלְכוּתֶ֔ךָ וּדְבָרֶ֕יךָ לֹ֥א יִגְרְע֖וּ לְאֹ֥רֶךְ שָׁנִֽים׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֣ר יֶהִוָ֮הֵ֮ אֵלָ֣יו לֵאמֹר֒ לַ֤יְלָה וָיוֹם֙ לֹא־יִדֹּ֣ם פִּ֔יךָ בֹּ֥קֶר וָעֶ֖רֶב לֹ֣א יְכַלֶּ֑ה עַד־יְמַלֵּא֙ מִדָּת֔וֹ בַּעֵ֥ת הַתּוֹלֵעָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשֵׁנָֽה׃	Then God breathed into man the breath of life, and he became alive and stood before God, the Lord. God said to Adam: “Go and return.” And he went and returned. And God rejoiced^[35] According to H. that Adam walked in the Garden^[36] The text here and elsewhere has ʾĒlyās. H has ʾĒlsā. It reﬂects, perhaps, the Greek Elysium. of Pleasure^[37] ”Garden of Pleasure” is a translation of the Hebrew gan ʿeḏen. in order to guard it for forty-one days.^[38] According to H. See also p. 38, where we read that Adam “had completed forty days in the land wherein he had been created.” And God said: “May he eat and be satiated by the fruit of the trees that perish not and remain forever, on which (man) works not nor waters, and finds fresh fruit every year… its fruit will not cease; its leaves perish not, its splendor [disappears not], and its roots dry not out.^[39] Paradise was such that it was not necessary for Adam to till the soil (Legends, 1, 71; 5, 31-32; A. Jellinek, “Seḏer gan ʿeḏen,” Beṯ Hammiḏraš [1853], 2. 52—53). Like the fruit which ceases not are the ways of man.” But Adam transgressed the commandments of his Creator, and Běrnāʾēl said to his Lord: “Give him to me.”^[40] 5!. This idea is fully developed in Test. of the Twelve Patriarchs in which Beliar and the spirits of Beliar were given power over the sinner. See also, Book of the Angels, p. 53. Adam heard his request and invoked the name of God, saying: “Father, Father, Holy, Holy, Holy, [Lord of] Sabaoth is Thy name. Thy kingdom is not dissolved, Thy word will not be denied for the duration of the years.” God said to him: “Night and day shall thy mouth not be silenced [from praise of God], morning and evening may it not cease until its measure be full at a time when the worm sleeps not.”^[41] This is an allusion to the last days when “the worm sleeps not and the fire is not quenched.” See below, pp. 16, 28.
וַיַּ֖רְא יֶהִוַ֑הֵ כִּ֨י הָאָדָ֧ם עֹבֵ֛ר לַיְלָ֥ה וָי֖וֹם בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵל֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ תְּנֵ֤נִי נָא֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר חֻקְּ֖ךָ וּמִצְוֹתֶ֑יךָ וַיִּ֖בֶז לִדְּבָרֶֽךָ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֵלָ֑יו אֶתֵּ֗ן כִּי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּ֤ז לִשְׁמִי֙ וְנָשָׂ֣א אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י יְשֻׁלַּ֥ם עִמְּךָ֖ שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ וַיֹּאמר֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־אָדָ֑ם לֵ֕ךְ וַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אָדָם֙ וַ֣יַּעֲמֹ֔ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֕י תְּנֵֽנִי־נָ֖א אֶת־שַׁבַּ֥ת הַקָּדֽוֹשׁ׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֖א בְּאֹ֣הֶל הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאֶחָ֖ד יֽוֹם׃	God saw that man transgressed night and day on the Sabbath…^[42] The text is corrupt and Běrnāʾēl said: “O Lord, I beg Thee, give me the one who sinned, transgressing Thy law and commandments, and despised Thy word.” God said to him: “I give permission that he who despised my name and swore by my name be punished with thee in Hell.” The angels said to Adam: “Go and stand before God.” Adam stood before God [?] and said: “O Lord, give me the holy Sabbath.” He arrived in the tent of God and stood before God for forty-one days.^[43] See above, n. 49.
3. וַיַּפֵּל֩ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ תַּרְדֵּמָ֛ה עַל־הָאָדָ֖ם וַיִּישָׁ֑ן וַיִּקַּ֗ח אַחַת֙ מִצַּלְעֹתָ֔יו וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר בָּשָׂ֖ר תַּחְתֶּֽנָּה׃ וַיִּ֩בֶן֩ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶֽת־הַצֵּלָ֛ע אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֥ח מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיְבִאֶ֖הָ אֶל־הָֽאָדָֽם׃ וַיּתְּנֶ֙נָּה֙ עַ֣ל מִשְׁכָּב֔וֹ וַיָּ֥קׇם אָדָ֖ם מִ֣שֵּׁנָת֑וֹ וַיַּ֕רְא וַֽיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֘אמֶר֮ הָֽאָדָם֒ זֹ֣את הַפַּ֗עַם עֶ֚צֶם מֵֽעֲצָמַ֔י וּבָשָׂ֖ר מִבְּשָׂרִ֑י וַתְּהִ֣י ׀ לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר נָתַ֥ן יֶהִוַ֖הֵ עֶזְרָ֥ה כְּנֶגְדִּֽי׃	3. [And the Lord caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept; and He took one of his ribs]^[44] The text is supplemented according to Gen. 2:21. and closed up the ﬂesh thereof instead.^[45] The text has here wamalayālyāta, “and articulations.” And from the rib which the Lord had taken from man He made a woman and brought her unto man and placed her at his bedside. Adam woke up from his sleep, looked about, seized his wife, and said: “This is now bone of my bone and flesh of my ﬂesh; she will be my wife that God granted me to abide with me.”
וַיָּ֣קׇם הַנָּחָ֗שׁ בְּי֨וֹם שִׁשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַֽיָּבֹ֥א אֵל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֑הּ מַ֤ה נָתוּן֙ לָ֔ךְ וּמָ֥ה נֶאֱסַ֖ר מִמֵּֽךְ׃ וַתֹּ֥אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ מִפְּרִ֥י עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן נֹאכֵֽל׃ וּמִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַגָּן֒ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ פֶּן־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַנָּחָ֖שׁ אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה לֹֽא־מ֖וֹת תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכׇלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע׃ וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ה֣וּא לָעֵינַ֗יִם וְנֶחְמָ֤ד הָעֵץ֙ לְהַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַתִּקַּ֥ח מִפִּרְי֖וֹ וַתֹּאכַ֑ל וַתִּתֵּ֧ן גַּם־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ וַתִּפָּקַ֙חְנָה֙ עֵינֵ֣י שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵֽם׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֱלֹהִ֛ים מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּגָּ֖ן לְר֣וּחַ הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּתְחַבֵּ֨א הָֽאָדָ֜ם וְאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ מִפְּנֵי֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃ וַיִּקְרָ֛א יֶהִוַ֥הֵ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ אַיֶּֽכָּה׃ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־קֹלְךָ֥ שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בַּגָּ֑ן וָאִירָ֛א כִּֽי־עֵירֹ֥ם אָנֹ֖כִי וָאֵחָבֵֽא׃ וַיִּ֤חַר אַף֙ יֶ֣הִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם מִגַּ֣ן הָעֲלִיָּ֑ה וַֽיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן מִקֶּ֖דֶם לְגַן־עֵֽדֶם׃	The serpent rose on the sixteenth day of^[46] In Jubilees 3:17 the serpent came on the seventh day of the second month. the second month and came to the woman and said to her:^[47] See Gen. 3: 1—7. “What did He allow you and what did He forbid you?” The woman said to the serpent: “We may eat [of all the fruit of the trees of the garden], but of the fruit of the tree [which is in the midst of the garden] God has said: ‘You shall not eat of it, lest you die.’” The serpent said: [“You shall not surely die,] for God knows that on the day you eat thereof your eyes shall be opened, and you shall know good and evil.” The woman saw the tree, took of the fruit thereof and did eat, and gave also to her husband. And they ate, and the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. And they heard God coming, and Adam and his wife hid themselves among [the trees of] the garden. And God said to Adam: “Where art thou?” And Adam said: “[I was afraid] because I was naked, and I hid myself.” God became angry and sent them forth from the Garden of ʾĒlyās^[48] H has ʾĒldā. See also nn. 47, 66. and (Adam) stayed in front of Edom.^[49] This seems to correspond to Eden; cf. Gen. 3:24.
4. וַֽיֵּאָסְפ֣וּ כְּאֶחָ֗ד תִּשְׁעִ֨ים וָתֵ֤שַׁע מַלְאָכִים֙ הָרִ֣אשׁוֹנִ֔ים וַֽיְפָאֲר֖וּ וַֽיִּשְׁבְּח֣וּ בֶּיהִוַ֑הֵ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מַ֨ה־נִפְלָ֤א יְחִידֶ֙ךָ֙ וּמַ֣ה־עַזָּ֣ה מַלְכוּתֶ֔יךָ וְנִפְלָ֥את חׇכְמֹתֶ֖יךָ נֶעֶרָֽצָה׃ וַיֶּ֣חֶרְד֔וּ לְמַ֖עַן כְּב֥וֹד קוֹלֽוֹ׃ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא הַבּוֹרֵא֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנָ֔י הַתַּ֥ם וְהַיָּשָׁ֖ר וְהַחַ֑י בְּפִ֗יהֶם יְשַׁבְּח֤וּ וִיפָאֲרוּ֙ אֶת־קְדֻשַּׁ֣ת שְׁמֶ֔ךָ הֶהָיָ֥ה וְהַהוֹוֶ֖ה וְהַיִּהְיֶֽה׃	4. Ninety-nine archangels gathered together, praised and exalted God, and said: “Thy wholeness is marvelous, Thy kingdom is mighty, the marvelousness of Thy wisdom is venerable.” They trembled because of the majesty of His voice (and said): “Thou art the Creator of Heaven and earth, Thou, Lord, the excellent, the just, and the living; with their mouth they exalt and praise the divinity of Thy name that is and will be.”
וַ֣יַּעַמְדוּ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יֶהִוַ֤הֵ וַיֶּחֶרְד֔וּ וַֽיִּבְכּ֖וּ בְּכִיָּ֣ה מָרָ֑ה וַֽיְבַקְשׁ֖וּ לַחְמָֽם׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַמַּלְאָכִ֑ים הָעֲנָנִ֗ים יָבִ֤אוּ אֶת־לַחְמָם֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ וַאֲתֶּ֥ם תֹּאכְל֖וּ לָעֹלָֽם׃ וַֽיֹּאמְר֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אַל־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מָ֚ן ה֔וּא לַחְמְךָ֖ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֮הֵ֮ אֶל־הַמַּלְאָכִ֒ים֒ לַחְמִ֗י הַפְּאֵ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְפָֽארוּ־בִ֖י כׇּל־בְּרִיא֑וֹת וְאֶתֵּ֣נָה הַגֶּ֔שֶׁם לֶ֖חֶם לְכׇל־בָּשָֽׂר׃	They stood before God, trembling and weeping bitterly, and asked for their food. God said to the angels: “The clouds will bring your^[50] The text has “their.” food^[51] See also below, p. 35. The allusion in these passages is probably to the mana which was thought to have been ground by the angels. Mana was also called “bread of the angels”; it will be set before them in the future world. (Legends, 3, 33, and especially 6, 17, in various notes.) in its season, and you will eat forever.” The angels said to God: “What is Thy^[52] The text has “your.” food, O Lord?” God said to the angels: “My^[53] The text has “their.” food is the praise that all creatures bestow upon me, and I give the rain as food for all ﬂesh.”
וַתִּזְעַ֣ק הָאָ֗רֶץ וַתֵּבְךְּ֙ בְּכִיָּ֣ה מָרָ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר תָּמִ֥יד יְבֵשָׁ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי תְּנֵֽנִּי־נָ֣א אֶת־הַגֶּ֔שֶׁם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בּוֹרְאֵֽנִי׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶת־זַעֲקַ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָעֲנָנִ֔ים לְכ֖וּ וְהֵבִ֥יאוּ גֶּֽשֶׁם׃ וַיָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ וַֽיֵּלְכ֔וּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיָּרֻ֗צוּ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־מֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר שַׁלְּחָֽם׃ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ ׀ ר֣וּחַ עַזָּ֗ה מִתַּ֤חַת לָעֲנָנִים֙ לַהֲפִיצָ֔ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־הָעֲנָנִ֖ים תּוֹרִיד־נָ֣א הַמַּ֑יִם וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֕וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַתֵּ֥שְׁתְּ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתִּשְׂבָּ֑ע וַֽתִּבָּ֖רֵךְ אֶת־יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ אַ֥ב הַהוֹדָא֖וֹת אָד֣וֹן הַעֹלָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתָנָ֖נִי לַחְמִ֥י הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ אֲפָאֲרָה֙ וַאֲכַבְּדָ֣ה אֶת־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ כִּי־לְךָ֥ נָאֶ֖ה לְהוֹד֥וֹת וּלְשַׁבֵּֽחַ׃ וַֽיּוֹפִ֨יעַ דֶּ֤שֶׁא יָרֹק֙ וַעֲצִ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְכׇל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְכׇל־בַּהֲמ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ שִׁבְּח֖וּהוּ כֻּלָּ֥ם יַחְדָּֽו׃	The earth shouted and wept bitterly and said: “I am always dry, give me rain, O Lord my Creator.”^[54] This probably has a connection with the legend that the earth was also guilty of various misdemeanors and that it too had to suffer a tenfold punishment. One of them was that it had to wait to be watered by the rains from above. God heard the cry of the earth and said to the clouds: “Go and bring rain.” The clouds rose and went as God commanded them; they ran and took the waters of God to the place where He sent them. God drove a strong wind beneath the clouds to disperse them, and He said to the clouds: “Let the water go down.” They did as God commanded them. The earth drank, was satiated, and blessed God: “O Father of praise, Lord of the world who gave me my food, the rain. I praise and glorify God to whom it is fitting to give praise and thanks.” Then the green grass and the trees of the plain appeared; and all the birds of the sky and all the animals of the earth praised Him all together.
5. וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אָדָ֔ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ בְּשֵׁ֥ם חַוָּֽה׃ וַיָּ֙גׇר֙ בְּגַ֣ן הַלֵּדָ֔ה יָמִ֖ים רָבִּ֑ים וַ֖יּוֹלֵד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ וּמִסְפַּ֥ר הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֑ה וּמִסְפָּ֥ר הַבָּנ֖וֹת תִּשְׁעִֽים׃ וַיָּ֥מׇת אָדָ֖ם בְּצֶ֑דֶק וַיָּ֥קׇם שֵׁ֖ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ וַיָּ֖מׇת שֵׁ֑ת וַיָּ֛קׇם אֱנ֥וֹשׁ אַחֲרָ֖יו וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו קֵינָ֥ן וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו מַהֲלַלְאֵ֥ל וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו יֶ֥רֶד וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו חֲנ֑וֹךְ וַחֲנ֖וֹךְ לֹ֥א מֵֽת׃ וַיְשִׂמֵ֤הוּ יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בְּגַ֣ן הַלֵּדָ֔ה מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר הֵנִ֥יס אֶת־אָדָֽם׃ וַחֲנ֖וֹךְ יִֽהְיֶה־שָׁ֑ם עַד־בִּיאָ֖ת הַגֹּאֵֽל׃	5. Adam made a… and he named his wife Eve. He stayed in (the Garden of) ʾĒldā^[55] Also in Jubilees 3:32. Charles, ibid., p. 29, n. 32, questions whether ʾĒldā is not a corruption of the Hebrew moleḏah, so that “land of ʾĒldā” would mean “land of nativity.” Beer, Buch der Jubiläen, p. 15, speaks of Eldad but without further explanation. numerous days and begat sons and daughters. The sons numbered nine^[56] Also Jubilees 4:10. The names of the sons are given by Philo, Biblical Antiquities (trans. M. R. James, 1917). p. 76. This notion is unknown in the Agada. and the daughters ninety. Adam died in justice^[57] Gen. 5:6 ff. and Seth succeeded him. Seth died, and Enosh^[58] The text has Hēnos. succeeded him and then died. Kenan succeeded him and then died. Mahalalel succeeded him and died. Jared succeeded him and died. Enoch succeeded then and died not.^[59] This refers to Enoch’s translation to Heaven (I Enoch 70:1-4; ll Enoch 67:2). God placed him in the Garden of ʾĒldā^[60] See Jubilees 4:23, where the text adds that “there he writes down the condemnation and judgment of the world.” whence He had driven Adam. And Enoch will be there until the Savior comes.^[61] This is probably a Christian element.
6. זֶ֚ה סֵ֣פֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּגְדֻלָּ֕ה וּכְב֥וֹד הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַֽיּפָאֲרָ֥הּ וַֽיּבָרְכָ֖הּ בְּר֥וּחַ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ וַ̇יְרוֹמְמָהּ֙ וַיְפָ֣אֲרָ֔הּ הָאָד֕וֹן כְּכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לִבְרִיאוֹתָ֑יו הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְהָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַֽיְכַל֙ מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּ֣וֹ הַיַּמִּ֔ים וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֖ת בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וַיְכַנְּנֶ֖הָ הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יֶהִוַ֛הֵ אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה קִדְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ נָגִ֥ילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָ֖ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ עִבְד֤וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַהֵ֙ בְּשַׁבָּ֔ת וְלָמָּ֥ה תַּעֲבֹ֖דוּ וְלָמָּ֣ה תִּגָּ֑עוּ כִּ֣י יֶהִוַ֗הֵ שָׁבַ֤ח וַֽיְפָאֵר֙ וַיְקַדֵּ֔שׁ אֶת־הַיּ֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ אַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹתְךָ֖ מַ֥ה תֹּאמֵֽרוּ׃ בַּיּ֖וֹם הַה֑וּא ה֨וּא יוֹרִידְכֶ֧ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־שָׁבְת֥וּ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת שְׁאֹלָה׃ וְהִ֤שְׁלִיכְכֶם֙ כִּבְשָׁ֣נָה הָאֵ֔שׁ וְהוֹלִיכְכֶ֕ם עַד־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַתּוֹלֵעָ֖ה לֹ֣א יְשֵׁנָ֑ה וְהָאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א דּוֹעָֽכֶת׃ שָׁ֗ם תִּשָּׁפֵ֞ךְ אֵ֤שׁ הַכִּבְשָׁן֙ עַל־הַחַטָּאִ֣ים וְעַל־הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻג֖וֹת יוּמַ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה וְלֹ֥א יָנ֖וּמוּ וְלֹ֥א יִשָּֽׁנוּ׃ וַֽיּוֹצִיאֲכֶ֖ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽיִּתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְאֶת־רֹא֥שׁ הַחֹדֶֽשׁ׃ וּמָדְד֧וּ לְךָ֛ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה בְּמִדָּתֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֖ר מַדֹּתֶֽם׃	6. This is the Book of Israel, concerning the greatness and the glory of the Sabbath of Israel. God sanctified the Sabbath, glorified it, and blessed it through the Holy Spirit. The Lord exalted and glorified it as He did all of His creation: the heavens and the earth. He finished His work in (six) days and rested on the seventh day and established it as the Sabbath.^[62] Gen 2:1-3. Therefore God blessed the seventh day and kept it holy, as He said: “Sanctify God on this day, let us be glad and rejoice on this day. Serve God on the Sabbath. Why then should you work and busy yourselves when God exalted, glorified, and sanctified this day? After your death, what excuse will you use? On that day, He will send into Hell those of you who did not rest on the Sabbath.^[63] In Hell Moses sees the sinners who profaned the Sabbath and the holy days (M. Gaster, “Hebrew Visions of Hell and Paradise,” IRAS [1893]: P. 582). He will cast you into the fiery furnace and will lead you where the worm sleeps not and the fire is never quenched.^[64] Isa. 66:24; Apoc. Paul, Sec. 42 (James, p. 547). There the fiery furnace will be poured out^[65] The text has the negation ʾi-. upon the sinners and the wicked, without pause, day and night; they will neither lie down nor ever sleep.^[66] Legends, 2, 311; 3, 240. God brought you and gave you the Sabbath and the New Moon. They will measure out to you thirteen (times more) with the measure you used.”^[67] The text is corrupt.
וְשָֽׂמְחָ֔ה צִדְקַ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם עִ֖ם שַׁבַּ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וְקָ֤ם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִשִּׁבְתָּ֔הּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וְיָרַ֧ד רֽוּחַ־יֶהִוַ֛הֵ בֵּין־שִׁבְעַ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעָֽלָה׃ וְהִ֣מְלִיכ֗וּהָ מַלְאָכִ֤ים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים֙ אֶת־שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וּפָשׁ֥וּ בִּרְנָנָ֖ה כֹּהֲנֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וּבָ֖א ר֣וּחַ יֶהִוַ֑הֵ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִֽית׃ וְהִמְלִיכ֗וּהָ תֵּשַׁ֧ע רִבּ֛וֹא מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶת־שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְיַרְדּ֖וּהָ מִֽמְּרוֹמִֽים׃ וּלְמַעֲנָ֡הּ הַכֹּ֣ל יִשְׂמְח֣וּ כַּ֠עֲגָלִ֠ים וְשָׂ֨מְח֤וּ כׇּל־מַלְאֲכֵי֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְמַ֥עַן הַגְּדֻלָּ֖ה וְהַתִּפְאָ֑רֶת וּכְב֖וֹד שַׁבַּ֥ת יִהְוֶֽה׃ וַאֲהָב֖וּהָ נִשְׁמ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֑ים לְמַ֥עַן תְּבִיאֵ֖ם מִשְּׁאֽוֹל׃ זוֹכְרִ֖ים אֶת־רָעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ בַּשַּׁבַּ֥ת יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֹן֮ וְיִתְפַּלֵּל֒ וְיִתֵּ֨ן צְדָקָ֜ה בַּשַּׁבָּ֗ת וּבַיּ֨וֹם רֹ֤אשׁ הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ לְשַׁבַּ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּת֔וֹת יִסְלַ֖ח חַטֹּאותָ֑ם וְגַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֞ר לֹ֨א מְבַקְּשִׁ֤ים נְקָמָה֙ עַ֣ל רֵעֵ֔יהֶם וְלֹ֥א שָׂמִ֖ים כַּ֥עַס בְּלִבָּֽם׃	God’s justice [?] will rejoice in Heaven with the Sabbath of Israel. The Sabbath will rise from her seat on Friday at dawn; the spirit of God will descend through the seven heavens and will then rise. Then the archangels will crown the Sabbath of God, and the priests of Heaven will leap for joy. The spirit of God will come on Friday at the ninth hour. Ninety thousand angels will crown^[68] This reﬂects the appellations “Queen” and “Bride” found in agadic writings. the Sabbath of God and will bring her down from on high. Because of her all will rejoice like calves, and all the angels of Heaven will be glad because of the greatness, the splendor, and the glory of the Sabbath of God.^[69] ”It is the Sabbath of the Lord” (Lev. 23:3). Philo, “A Treatise of the Cherubim,” Sec. 26, The Works of Philo Judaeus (trans. C. D. Yonge [London, 1854]), I, 197, also says, “And on this account, too, Moses calls the Sabbath, which name being interpreted means ‘rest,’ the Sabbath of God.” See also, Troje, Sanbat, pp. 347 ff. The Sabbath will look upon the souls of the just in the garden, and they will rejoice on Friday. He who observes, His laws, commandments, and the statutes of the judgment that God has given them upon the earth [will inherit eternal] life. The spirit of God will come into the garden, and the just will rejoice greatly because of the Sabbath of God. The souls of the sinners will love her in order that she may bring them out of Sheol. [They are afﬂicted] remembering the evil they did on the Sabbath of God. He who shows mercy, prays, and gives aims on the Sabbath and on the day of the New Moon^[70] For the Festival of the New Moon, see Jubilees 6:23-28; Amos 8:5; and “New Moon,” JE, 9, 243-244. According to the [Beta Israel] themselves, “Moïse ordonne de faire le qʷērbān ou sacrifice de froment avec l’agneau d‘un an, et nos prêtres font ces deux sacrifices à chaque nouvelle lune et à chaque grande fête. L’adjonction du vin est ordonnée par Moïse; si nous en manquons, nous employons la bière” (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 54). of the seventh Sabbath^[71] The seventh Sabbath is greatly honored by the [Beta Israel] (Luzzatto, Mémoire, pp. 48-49; Aescoli, pp. 30-31). The Samaritans, too, honor the seventh Sabbath (H. Petermann, De Legibus Samaritanorum). will have his sins forgiven,^[72] To be read yāstasri according to H. as will he who seeks not revenge upon others and places not resentment in his heart.
לֹֽא־תָּרִ֥יבוּ וְלֹֽא־תּוֹכִ֖יחוּ בְּשַׁבַּתִּ֑י אֲנִ֖י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ הִתְפַּלְּלוּ֙ לֶיהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר בָּכֶ֛ם חֲטָאִ֖ים וּמוּמִ֑ים וּבַשַּׁבָּ֖ת תִּוָּשֵֽׁעוּ׃ כׇּל־מְכַבֵּ֥ד הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְהַמּוֹעֲדִ֑ים יְכַבְּדֵ֥הוּ בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃	Thou shalt not argue or dispute on my Sabbath.^[73] See below, p. 20. I am God. Pray to God, your Lord, you who have sins and faults, and you will be saved through the Sabbath. He who honors the Sabbath and the festivals, God will honor him in Heaven.^[74] For the rewards promised to those who observe the Sabbath, see also, Legends, 3, 47, and passim.
כָּאֳנִיָּ֤ה מְלֵאָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין יְנִיע֔וּהָ לְרֹ֥ב כֵּלֶ֖יהָ בָּ֑הּ וְאִ֕ם חֽוֹתְרִים־בָּ֖הּ כִּצְבִ֥י תָּרֽוּץ׃ כֵּ֚ן יוּקַ֔ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר ל֛וֹ רֹ֥ב חַטָּאִ֖ים מוּמִ֣ים וַעֲבֵר֑וֹת וּמְרַחֵ֥ם וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל לֶיהִוַ֥הֵ בְּשַׁבָּֽת׃	Like a laden ship which none can move for the greatness of the goods therein but which when steered runs like a deer, even so will he be eased who has many sins, faults, and misdeeds but who showed mercy and prayed on the Sabbath of God.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אֶל־מִ֤יכָאֵל֙ הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן לֵךְ־רֵ֖ד שְׁאֹ֑לָה לְמַ֖עַן מְנוּחַ֥ת הַשַׁבָּֽת׃ וְכִ֨י־תָּק֤וּם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִיְּמִ֣ין יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בַּבֹּ֑קֶר קָמִ֧ים הַמַּלְאָכִ֛ים עִם־הַשַׁבָּ֖ת וּמַמְלִיכֶֽיהָ׃ וּמְשַׁבְּחֶ֥יהָ וּמְפָאֲרֶ֖יהָ וּמְכַבְּדֶ֑יהָ וִירֵאִ֥ים וַחֲרֵדִ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ וְיוֹרְדִ֖ים מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בָּעָֽרֶב׃ וְר֨וּחַ יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אוֹמֵ֣ר אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֗ל לֵ֥ךְ־רֵד֙ שְׁאֹ֔לָה לְמַעַ֛ן מְנוּחַ֥ת הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת נִבְחָרִ֑י לַהֲבִיאָם֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁאֹ֔ל בְּשָׁעָ֣ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֔ית בָּעֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ וּמִיכָאֵ֣ל יוֹרֵד֮ שְׁאֹ֒לָה֒ וְהַמַּ֣לְאָכִ֗ים בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בָּעָ֑רֶב עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ תִּשְׁעָ֥ה רִבּ֖וֹא מַלְאָכִ֣ים רִאשׁוֹנִ֑ים וְרִיבֵ֥י רִבְב֖וֹת צְבָא֥וֹת עִמּֽוֹ׃ וְהֵם֙ יוֹרְדִ֣ים שְׁאֹ֔לָה לַהֲבִיאָ֖ם אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִֽית׃ וַיִּתְּנ֙וּהוּ֙ מְנוּחָ֔ה לְנַפְשׁ֖וֹת אָדָ֑ם עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ וְכִ֗י יוֹצְאִ֕ים כֵּ֥ן יְשַׁמֵּ֖ם שְׁאֹ֑ל כְּאִשָּׁ֧ה עֲזוּבָ֛ה וְגַם־אַ֖יִן בְּגֵּ֥יהִנּֽוֹם׃	God said to the archangel Michael: “Go down to Sheol for the sake of the Sabbath rest.” When the Sabbath rises from the right hand of God, Friday at dawn, the angels rise immediately with the Sabbath and crown her. While they praise, glorify, and honor her, they fear and tremble greatly. They descend from the heavens on Friday at the ninth hour of the evening. The spirit of God says to Michael: “Go down into Sheol for the sake of the rest of the Sabbath, my appointed one,^[75] The text has “at the ninth hour of the evening of Friday.” in order to bring out those who are in Sheol.”^[76] That the sinners leave Hell on the Sabbath and are not punished on that day is well known in Jewish writings (M. Caster, “Orḥot ḥayyim,” JRAS [1867], p. 604: “on the eve of the Sabbath, the sinners are led to two mountains of snow where they are left until the end of the Sabbath, when they are taken back and returned to their former places”); see also, A. Jellinek, Beṯ Hammiḏraš (1853), I, 74, 148; Legends, 4, 201; 5, 112. For more rabbinical material see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 1076, 1082-1083; L. Lévy, “Le Repos sabbatique des âmes damnés,” REJ, 25, 1-15. Troje, Sanbat, p. 336, sees here a gnostic influence. The same belief is found in some Christian sources which state that the souls rest on Sunday, and in Moslem eschatology, which says that the souls rest on Friday (Asin, Islam, pp. 223 ff.; see also, Arturo Graf, Mitti, leggende e superstizioni del Medio Evo [1892], l, 241 ff.). Michael thereupon descends into Sheol with the angels on Friday at the ninth hour until the following Sabbath morning. Ninety thousand archangels and thousands and myriads of their hosts are with him. They descend into Sheol to bring out those who are in it, beginning on Friday at the ninth hour. The angels give rest to the souls of men until Sunday morning.^[77] This may also reﬂect the Christian idea that the souls of the damned rest on Sunday. We read, however, in J. A. Eisenmenger, The Traditions of the Jews (1734), 2, 281: “It is recommended that one leave a table covered with provisions and decent furniture, to stand, as in readiness for company, till Sunday morning.” When they leave Sheol remains desolate, like an abandoned wife; even so is Hell empty.
כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֗ר לֹ֨א שׁוֹמְרֵ֤י הַשַּׁבָּת֙ וְהַ֣מּוֹעֲדִ֔ים וְרָאשֵׁ֥י הַחֹדֶ֖שׁ וְהַחַטָּאִ֑ים הִנֵּה֙ תֹּאכֲלֵ֣נוּ הַתּוֹלַ֔עַת וּבִשְׁא֖וֹל יִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ וַיִּזְעֲק֖וּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַ֨ל־תַּ֤עַזְבֵנוּ֙ מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י לְבָדֵ֖ינוּ נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֨ע מִ֤יכָאֵל֙ אֶת־קִינ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֔ים וְדִ֖בְרֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אַ֥יֵּכֶֽם׃ וַיַּ֧עַן אֶל־מִֽיכָאֵ֛ל כִּי־מְחַנֶּ֥קֶת גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם אֶת־גְּרוֹנֵ֑נוּ וְלֹ֥א נְדָבֵּ֖רָה עִמֶּֽךָ׃ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ אָמַ֖ר אֶל־מִ֣יכָאֵ֑ל כִּ֛י הִצְרִ֥יעָה גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם אֶת־גְּרוֹנֵֽנוּ׃	They who observe not the Sabbath, the festivals, and the New Moon,^[78] The whole passage is translated according to H. and the (other) sinners, are eaten by worms^[79] I Enoch 46:6; Apoc. Peter, Akhm. Fr., Sec. 25 (James, p. 509). For the rabbinical literature, see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 1076, 1080. and remain in Sheol. They shout, saying: “Abandon us not, O Michael; we remain alone.” When Michael hears the lamentations and the words of the sinners,^[80] Some obscure words follow. he says to them: “Where are you?” They answer Michael: “Hell has strangled our throats so that we may not speak with thee.” [Another] soul says to Michael: “Hell has scaled our throats.”^[81] An obscure passage follows.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מִ֣יכָאֵ֑ל לֵ֗ךְ וְהוֹצִ֨יא אֶת־נַפְשׁ֤וֹת הַצַּדִּיקִים֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַגַּ֔ן בַּשָּׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ וַֽיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִיכָאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיֶּאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַצַּדִּיקִ֑ים וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיֹּאמֶ֣ר יֶהִוַהֵ֮ בְּרוּכִ֣ים אַתֶּם֒ וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֗ם אָדוֹן֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְהָאָ֔רֶץ וַ֨יִּתֵּ֤ן עֲלֵיהֶם֙ חֵ֣ן וָחֶ֔סֶד וַֽיַּלְבִּשֵׁ֖ם בְּבִגְדֵ֣י חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם אֶל־מַלְכ֥וּת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וְלַצַּדִּיקִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לֹ֣א חָטָ֗אוּ בְּצֵ֤את נַפְשָׁם֙ מִבְּשָׂרָ֔ם יְקַבְּצֵ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְצִדְק֑וֹ וְנִרְאֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ בִּכְבֹד֔וֹ וְהֵאִ֧ירוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֛ם כְּא֥וֹר הַחַמָּ֖ה שִׁבְעָתָֽיִם׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר חָזְר֜וּ אֶל־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ מֵחַ֣טֹּאותָ֔ם מַרְאֵיהֶ֖ם כְּמַרְאֶ֣ה הַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וּכְמַרְאֶה֙ מַזָּ֣ל הַכְּסִ֔יל וּכְמַרְאֶ֖ה הַבָּזָֽק׃	God said to Michael: “Go and bring the souls of the just into the garden, at the ninth hour on Friday!” Michael went as God commanded him. He gathered the souls of the just and brought them before God. God said: “Be blessed,” and the Lord of Heaven and earth blessed them, gave them favor and grace, dressed them in garments of life,^[82] I Enoch 62:16; Asc. Is. 8:26; 9:8; 11:14. and brought them into the Heavenly Kingdom. And as for those of the just who had committed no sins when their souls left the body, God gathers them each according to His justice; He appears to them in His glory while their faces shine seven times brighter than the sun. Those who turned to God and repented of their sins have the appearance of the stars,^[83] The face shining as the sun and the stars is well known in apocryphal writings: II Enoch 66:7; II Baruch 51:10; IV Ezra 7:97, 125. of Orion, and of the lightning.
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ שַׁבַּ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֲדֹנָ֛י שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָ֖רֶץ לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵבֵאתִ֤יךָ אֶת־הַמַּאֲמִינִים֙ בִּ֣י וּבְךָ֔ וְחֽוּסָה־נָ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַעֲנִֽי׃ וַיַּ֤עַן יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אֲרַחֵ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַעֲנַ֑יִךְ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֣ם מִפָּנָ֔יו בְּלֹ֥א בוּשָׁ֖ה וּבְלֹ֥א כְלִמָּֽה׃	The Sabbath of Israel said to God, the Lord of Heaven and earth: “I brought Thee those who believe in me and Thee, show mercy to them for my sake.” God answered the Sabbath: “I pity them for thy sake,” and He sent them away without shame or humiliation.^[84] Mediation and intercession are known themes in all faiths: see A. J. Maclean, “Intercession,” Enc. Rel. Ethics, 7, 382—385. For the Old Testament see instances such as Job 5:1; 33:23; Zech. 1:12, etc. On mediation in the apocryphal writings see Volz, Eschatologie, index under “Fürbitte,” and W. O. E. Oesterley, Jewish Doctrines of Mediation (1910). The Sabbath as mediator seems to be a specific [Beta Israel] element; cf. “Un Falacha disait à M. d’Abbadie: ‘Marie est la médiatrice des chrétiens, notre médiateur est le Samedi'” (Lumtto. Mémoire, p. 47). For Ugaritic see now J. Obermann, “How Daniel Was Blessed with a Son,” JAOS, Offprint Series, No. 20 (1946), pp. 13, 28 f.
אֵ֥ין חֵ֛לֶק לְבֶן־אָדָ֖ם בְּגַ֣ן עֵ֑דֶן כִּי־אִ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וּשְׁכִינָתֽוֹ׃ הֲלֹ֣א ׀ הִ֣יא נַחֲלַ֗ת מְשַׁ֨מְּרֵ֤י גּוּפָיו֙ בְּטׇהֳרָ֔ה לַ֥בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹא־יָ֣דַע אִ֑ישׁ וְלַאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָדַע֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה מִנְּעוּרָיו֙ עַד־ס֣וֹף יוֹמָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א לָקַ֖ח אִשָּֽׁה׃	There is no seat for anyone in Paradise save by (the will of) God, by His Holy Spirit. It is destined for those who kept their body in purity,^[85] Baruch, p. 65. The text has a negation. for the virgin who knew not a man, and for the man who knew not a woman from his youth until the end of his days and who married not.^[86] The passage is corrupt.
כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם יָבִ֣יאוּ קְטֹ֗רֶת לִפְנֵי֙ כִּסֵּ֣א כְּבוֹד֔וֹ בְּכׇל־זְמַ֥ן תָּמִ֖יד מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻג֑וֹת וַיֹּאמֶ֨ר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ בֹּאַכֶ֣ם בַּמֶּרְחָ֗ב אֶל־תּוֹךְ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַתֶּ֤ם אַנְשֵׁי־צֶ֙דֶק֙ וְטׇהֳרֵ֣י־גּ֔וּף שׁוֹמְרֵ֛י מֵעָ֥שׁוֹת־חֵ֖טְא וְצוֹפֵ֥י־נָפְשֵׁיכֶֽם׃ בֹּא֛וּ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־בָּכֶ֖ם חֻצְפּ֥וֹת וְתַהְפּוּכֽוֹת׃	The priests of Heaven bring incense before His holy throne at all times, without pause, and God says: “Enter with them openly into the Heavenly Kingdom, you, men just and pure in body (who keep) from committing sins, and watch over your souls. Come, you who are in no respect willful or perverse.”
כִּי֩ יָבֹ֨א י֤וֹם יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ הָאַחֲר֔וֹן בְּת֥וֹךְ רָ֖עַשׁ וּבְרָקִ֑ים וְה֣וּא יוֹשֵׁ֗ב עַל־שְׁנֵ֨ים עָשָׂ֤ר כִּסְּאוֹתָיו֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט ה֛וּא יַ֥עֲשֶׂה־חֶ֖סֶד בְּכׇל־אוֹהֲבָֽיו׃ כָּאָמ֞וּר בְּסֵ֣פֶר מִשְׁפָּט֗וֹ כׇּל־שֹׁמֵ֤ר שַׁבָּת֙ מֵֽחַלְּל֔וֹ וּמַחֲזִיקִ֖ים בִּבְרִיתִ֑י וַהֲבִיאוֹתִ֞ים אֶל־הַ֣ר קׇדְשִׁ֗י וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית תְּפִלָּתִ֔י עוֹלֹתֵיהֶ֧ם וְזִבְחֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָצ֖וֹן עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִֽי׃	When God comes on the last day in the midst of earthquakes and thunderbolts,^[87] Sib. Oracles, 5:345. See also, Volz, Eschatologie, pp. 318 ff. seated upon His twelve thrones^[88] Allusions to the throne of God are found in the Old Testament (Ps. 9:5, etc.) and in the apocryphal literature (Voiz. Eschatologie, p. 276), but nowhere are twelve thrones mentioned. Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 141, n. 1, suggests that this number corresponds to the twelve tribes of Israel. However. twelve thrones of the apostles occur in the New Testament (Luke 22:30) and are also mentioned in the Book of Bartholomew (p. 185). to judge, He will be faithful to those who love Him. As He said in the Book of the Law: “All those who keep my Sabbath and profane it not are my chosen sacrifice and offerings.”
וְטַ֙עַם֙ שַׁבָּ֔ת ה֖וּא כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ לֹ֚א הַיּ֔וֹם אַ֖ךְ אֲנִ֣י ה֑וּא נְאֻ֖ם־יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃	Sabbath means: I am God. “It is not the day, but I (who say it),” says God.^[89] A very interesting passage and difficult to interpret. Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 141, n. 2, explains it the following way: “Peut-être: Sanbat signifie: ‘Je suis Dieu’ (c’est-à-dire: En acceptant le Sabbat, vous m’acceptez comme votre Dieu); ce n’est pas le jour qui dit: ‘Je suis Dieu,’ c’est Dieu qui dit cela de lui-même. Cette remarque semble vouloir empêcher Ia déification réelle de Sanbat.” See also, Abba Elijah, p. 45.
וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָצְא֣וּ מִשְּׁאוֹל֒ בִּגְרוֹנָ֤ם אֲסוּרִים֙ בְּכַ֣בְלֵי אֵ֔שׁ וְהַנְּפָשׁ֕וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֱבִיאָ֖ם מִיכָאֵ֑ל הִנֵּ֨ה בּוֹרְחִ֤ים וְרָצִים֙ וְלֹ֣א יָנ֔וּחוּ בֵין־י֖וֹם וּבֵ֥ין־לָֽיְלָה׃ וַֽיַּשִּׂ֞גוּ נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֱבִיאָ֤ם מִֽיכָאֵל֙ מִשְּׁא֔וֹל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י עַד־יַ֣רְכְּתֵי אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵ֧ם אוֹמְרִ֣ים בִּלְבָבָ֗ם כִּי־ע֖וֹד אֵינָ֥ם לָשֽׁוּב׃ וַֽיְבִיאֵ֣ם מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל מֵא֥וּר הַכִּבְשָׁ֖ן אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֣א יִכְבֶּ֑ה וַֽיָּרֻ֛צוּ קֵ֥דְמָה וְיָ֖מָּה וְנֶ֥גְבָּה וּצְפֽוֹנָה׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מִֽיכָאֵל֙ אֶל־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֔ים לְכֽוּ־לָכֶ֖ם מִיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַיֵּלְכ֛וּ י֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י כְּמִצְוַ֥ת יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃	The men who came out of Sheol, with their necks tied in chains of fire, and the souls that Michael brought out, flee and run and rest neither day nor night. The souls of the sinners that Michael brought out of Sheol on Friday reach the limits of Heaven and earth, and it seems to them that they will never more return. Michael brings them out of the fiery furnace that is never quenched, and they run from east to west, to the south and to the north. And Michael says to the souls of the sinners: “Come, beginning Friday,” and they move on Friday by God’s order.
וְט֕וֹב הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּא֖ת מֵרֵעַ֣ת שְׁא֑וֹל וְט֕וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֧ר שַׁבָּ֛ת וְי֥וֹם רֹאשׁ־הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֥דֶת שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ אַ֣ךְ אִ֣ם נִשְׁמֹר֮ מְנוּחַ֣ת שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַהֵ֒ וְלֹ֗א נִ֨תְפַּלֵּ֤ל וְנַעֲבֹד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ הָעוֹלָ֔ם כׇּל־י֥וֹם וָלַ֖יְלָה שָׁעָ֣ה בְּשָׁעָ֑ה אִם־כֵּן מִי יְסַפֵּר רָעַת גֵּיהִנּוֹם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה׃	This punishment is preferable to Sheol, and it is better to keep the Sabbath and the day of the New Moon than to go down into Sheol.^[90] The text is somewhat obscure. If we observe the rest on the Sabbath of God, without praying to and worshiping the celestial King, day and night, at every hour, who will tell the punishment of Hell in this world?
מַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם אוֹמְרִ֗ים קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ צִבְא֥וֹת הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים יְשַׁבְּח֣וּהוּ וְאוֹמְרִ֑ים בֶּן־אָדָ֤ם בֶּן־אֲדָמָה֙ שָׁד֔וּד וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָמ֖וּת יְנַצֵּ֥חַ לָנֶֽצַח׃ הַ֤לְּלוּ יָהּ֙ הַ֣לְּלוּ יָ֔הּ הַ֖לְּלוּ יָ֑הּ יִתְקַדָּ֛שׁ וְיִתְהַלָּ֥ל וְיִתְגַּדָּ֖ל לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃	The angels of Heaven say: “Holy, Holy, Holy, the Lord of Sabaoth; The whole earth^[91] Taken from H. is full of Thy praise. The hosts of the angels praise Him and say: The human kind, the earthy one, is vanquished^[92] Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 142, translates, “L’homme mortel et formé de poussière a été vaincu,” and adds, “Il est impossible de méconnaître le caractère spiritualiste et décidemment antichrétien de cette profession de foi mise dans la bouche des anges.” He who dies not forever is victor. Hallelujah, Hallelujah, Hallelujah! He is holy, praised, and glorified forever.”
7. אֵ֚לֶּה מִצְוֹ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר כָּתַ֣בְתִּי לָ֑ךְ וְכׇל־חֻקִּ֥י הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּמִשְׁפָּטֶֽיהָ׃ שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כׇּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ׃ וְיוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ	7. These are the commandments of the Sabbath that I Wrote for thee, and all the laws and prescriptions of the Sabbath.^[93] Jubilees 50:6 ff.
לֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֨ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָ֣ וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ כׇּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃	Six days shalt thou labor, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord, your God. In it you shall do no work, neither you, nor your women, nor your sons, nor your daughters, nor your menservants, nor your maidservants, nor your cattle, nor your family, not the strangers that are with you.^[94] Exod. 20:9-10. He who labors in it shall die.^[95] Exod. 35:2.
כׇּל־הַ֣מְּחַלֵּ֔ל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃	He who profanes this day [shall die].^[96] On the [Beta Israel] rules concerning the Sabbath see Aescoli, pp. 30-39; for the rules observed by the Zadokite sect see Ginzberg, Jüdische Sekte, pp. 152 ff.
כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹכֵ֣ב עִם־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת יוּמָֽת׃	He who lies with his wife on the Sabbath shall die.^[97] This is not recommended by Jewish law but is practiced by the Karaites and Samaritans (Beer, Buch der Jubiläen, pp. 53-54); for the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 46. See also, F. Bohn, Der Sabbat im Alten Testament (1903), pp. 77-80, Jubilees, p. 259, n. 8.
כׇּל־הַמִּ֨תְוַכֵּ֜חַ וְהַמְּדַבֵּ֣ר בְּקוֹל־רָ֗ם וְהַ֤מְקַבֵּשׁ֙ רִ֔יב כׇּל־הַמּוֹכֵ֖ר וְהַ֣קּוֹנֵ֑ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃	He who argues or speaks aloud^[98] ”Dès que l’aurore de samedi a paru on ne parle qu’à demi voix” (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45). Speaking loud, making noise, and playing music are prohibited on the Sabbath; for the passages in talmudic literature see E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 593. or seeks^[99] To be read xasis instead of gasis. a quarrel, he who buys or sells on that day, shall die.
כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹאֵ֤ב מַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּעְיַ֣ן חַיִּ֔ים וְכׇל־הָרָבִ֥ים וְהַמְּקַלְּלִ֖ים וְהַמְּחַלְּלִ֑ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃	He who draws water from a streaming spring^[100] Jubilees 50:8; Zadokite Work 13:11; it is it is also forbidden by the Karaite sect (J. M. Jost, Geschichte des Judentums, 2, 304). For the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45. or who argues or curses or blasphemes on that day shall die.
כׇּל־הַמֵּנִ֨יחַ מֵעָשׁ֜וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֕ר יֹאכַ֥ל וְיִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְיִתֵּ֑ן כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹכֵ֖ב יוּמַֽת׃	He who prepares not on Friday what he will eat, drink, or give [on the Sabbath],^[101] Jubilees 2:29; 50:9, Zadokite Work 13:8. who lies… shall die.
כׇּל־הַנּוֹשְׂאֵ֣י מַשָּׂ֔א כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ לוֹקֵ֣חַ מֵאׇהֳל֔וֹ וּמֵבִ֥יא בּ֖וֹ יוּמַֽת׃	He who carries anything, who takes something from his tent or brings something into it, shall die.^[102] Jer. 17:21-22; Jubilees 2:30; see also, Legends, 4, 114; 6, 327. Several words are obscure.
כׇּל־מְלָאכָ֣ה וְכׇל־עֲבוֹדָ֔ה לֹא־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ בַּשַּׁבָּ֑ת כִּי־אִ֥ם עָשִׂ֖יתָ בַּשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ שַׁבָּ֣ת ׀ הִ֣יא הַיּ֗וֹם לֶאֱכֹ֤ל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת֙ וְלִשְׂבֹּ֔עַ וּלְהִתְמַלֵּ֣א בְּמַשְׁקֶ֔ה וְלָנ֧וּחַ וְלִלְמֹ֛ד וְלִשְׁכַּ֥ב וְלִשְׁקֹ֖ט וְלִשְׂמֹ֣חַ וְלִסְג֑וֹד וְלִרְחֹ֖ק מֵעָשׁ֥וֹת כׇּל־מְלָאכָֽה׃	You shall do no work whatever on the Sabbath but (use) that which you prepared [on Friday]. Sabbath is the day on which to eat, to drink, to be satiated, to be filled with drink,^[103] To be read rawiy as in A instead of nawim of H. to rest…^[104] For Jewish writings on this subject see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 1, 611; 2, 202. to study,^[105] Legends, 6, 70, n. 360; J. L. Baruch, Sefer haššabbaṯ (Tel Aviv, 1936), pp. 27-28, where the talmudic and agadic writings are cited. to lie down, to be quiet, to celebrate, and to worship without doing any work.
וַֽ֠יְבָרְכֵ֠הוּ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַן־לָ֗ךְ כְּי֤וֹם מוֹעֵד֙ וְי֣וֹם עֵדָ֔ה כְּי֥וֹם קָד֖וֹשׁ וְי֣וֹם מְבֹרָ֑ךְ לְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְכׇל־הַיַּמִּֽים׃ כִּ֥י גָּדוֹל֙ פְּעֻלַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖ן לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֶאֱכֹ֛ל וְלִשְׁתּ֥וֹת וְלִשְׂבֹּ֖עַ וּלְהִתְמַלֵּ֥א בְּמַשְׁקֶֽה׃ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה מִ֣קְרָא קֹ֗דֶשׁ לִשְׁבּוֹת֙ מִכׇּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת אָדָ֔ם ח֚וּץ מִלְּהַקְרִ֤יב זְבָחִים֙ וּקְטֹרֶ֔ת וְקׇרְבָּ֥ן וּמִנְּחָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ בְּשַׁבָּת֥וֹת וּבְמוֹעֲדִ֖ים וּבְי֥וֹם רֹאשׁ־הַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ אֶת־כׇּל־זֶ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֣וּן בַּשַּׁבָּ֑ת בְּמִקְדַּשׁ֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֖עַן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ קׇרְבָּנִים֙ בְּמ֣וֹעֲדֵיכֶ֔ם כְּצִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ בְּכׇל־י֣וֹם וָי֑וֹם לְאַזְכָּרָ֧ה לְהַקְרִ֛יב לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לִרְצוֹֽנוֹ׃	God, your Lord, blessed [that day] that He gave you as a festival, a day of government [?], a holy day, and a blessed day. [He gave it] to all Israel, for all your days. For great is the deed of God who gave to Israel (that day on which) to eat, to drink, to be satiated, and to be filled with drink. This day is a festival, to rest from all human labor save the bringing of sacrifices, incense, offerings, and gifts before God on the Sabbaths,^[106] Legends, 3, 196, 201, 209; Jubilees 50:10-11. the festivals, and the day of the New Moon. You shall do this on the Sabbath in the sanctuary of God, your Lord, in order that He may forgive Israel. The offerings (shall be brought) at your festivals, as He commanded you, one day after another, as a memorial offered before God, who will accept them…
כׇּל־עוֹבֵ֨ד בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֜י כׇּל־יוֹצֵ֣א ׀ וְהוֹלֵ֣ךְ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְעוֹבֵד֙ בְּשָׁדֵ֣הוּ וּבְבֵית֔וֹ וּמְבַעֵ֥ר אֵ֖שׁ וְיוֹשֵׁ֥ב בַּשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃	He who works on my Sabbath, travels or goes on a journey,^[107] Jubilees 50:12, derived from Exod. 16:29. For the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45. does any work in his field^[108] Exod. 34:21. Working in the field is one of the thirty-nine principal classes (ʾaḇoṯ, “fathers”) of work prohibited on the Sabbath. or in his house, kindles the fire,^[109] Jubilees 50:12; Exod. 35:3. It is also forbidden by the Samaritans. sits in the sun^[110] This occurs in several passages of our text, but a defense of this kind is rather singular. [shall die].
כׇּל־מַרְאֶ֥ה שִׂנְאָ֖ה וּמְקַלֵּ֑ל וְנִשְׁבָּ֥ע וְרִ֖יב יוּמָֽת׃	He who shows hatred or curses or swears or strives shall die.
כׇּל־רוֹכֵ֣ב בַּבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְנוֹסֵ֖עַ בָּאֳנִיָּ֑ה כׇּל־מַכֶּ֛ה וְהוֹרֵ֥ג וְזוֹנֶ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃	He who rides on any beast^[111] E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 592. or travels on a boat, he who strikes or kills^[112] Jubilees 50:12. This is one of the sabbatical offenses. or fornicates, shall die.
כׇּל־שׁוֹחֵ֤ט בְּהֵמָה֙ וְה֣וֹרֵג ע֔וֹף וְתוֹפֵ֖ס חַיּ֑וֹת בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֖י יוּמָֽת׃	He who slaughters^[113] To be read yěḥarrěd instead of yěḥadděr. a beast or kills a bird or catches animals on my Sabbath shall die.^[114] Taken from H. Jubilees 50:12.
כׇּל־צָ֥ם בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת יוּמָֽת׃	He who fasts on the Sabbath shall die.^[115] According to H. See also, Jubilees 50:12; Legends, 4, 374; Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 89-91, 95. 98. For the [Beta Israel] see also, J. Faitlowitch, Quer durch Abessinien, p. 86. Fasting on the Sabbath is allowed only on the Day of Atonement.
כׇּל־עוֹשֶׂ֛ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֥ה בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֖י יוּמַֽת׃ וְקִדְּשׁוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וְשָׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת כְּכׇל־הַמִּצְוֹ֤ת כַּכָּתוּב֙ עַל־שְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַן־לִ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֶכְתֹּ֣בָה תּוֹרָתֶ֔ךָ מֵעַתָּ֖ה וּבְכׇל־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃	He who does any manner of work on my Sabbath shall die. Thus shall the children of Israel be holy and celebrate the Sabbath according to the commandments as they are written on the two tables which God gave to me that I might write down the law for thee from now on and throughout all the generations.^[116] Jubilees 50:13.
וַתֹּ֥אמֵר שַׁבָּ֖ת לֶיהִוַ֑הֵ הַאֲזֵ֤ן אֵלִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י רַ֖ק דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ הָיִ֣יתִי עִמְּךָ֗ בָּעֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצַ֖רְתָּ אֶת־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתְּכוֹנֵ֣ן אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־הַצּ֖וּר בְּחׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ כׇּל־הַבְּרוּאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבַיָּ֔ם וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבַנְּחָרִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֥ם נִבְרְא֖וּ בְּחׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ אָנָּ֨א אֲדֹנָ֜י תְּנֵ֣נִי־נָ֗א וְאַל־תִּשְׁלָחֵ֙נִי֙ לָרְשָׁעִ֣ים וְלַמַּלְשִׁינִ֔ים וְלַמְּרִיבִ֖ים וְלַבּוֹגְדִֽים׃ אַל־תִּגְרְשֵׁ֡נִי לַאֲשֶֽׁר־בִּ֣י ׀ בְּרֻקָּ֣ם מַכִּ֗ים וְלַאֲשֶׁר֩ תַּ֨חַת הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ יֹשְׁבִ֗ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א רֹחֲצִ֔ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־נְקֵבָ֖ה שֹׁכְבִ֑ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֲלִיכוֹתָם֙ לֹא־מְטַ֣הֲרִ֔ים וְלַֽאֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖א מִתְכַּסִּֽים׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר רֻקַּם֙ מַשְׁלִיכִ֔ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אִשֵּׁיהֶ֖ם מַדְלִיקִ֑ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְוֹתַ֖י לֹ֥א מְקַבְּלִֽים׃ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֨ר נְשֵׁיהֶ֜ם הִנָּ֣ן ׀ אֶת־בְּצֵקָ֣ן לָשׁ֗וֹת וְאֹ֤כֶל מְבַשְּׁלוֹת֙ וּמַ֣יִם שֹׁאֲבֹ֔ת וּבַמַּכְתֵּ֖שׁ כֹּתְשׁ֑וֹת וּבְק֤וֹל גָּדוֹל֙ זֹעֲק֔וֹת וְאֶת־מִצְוֹתַ֣י נֹטְשׁ֔וֹת וְאֶת־	Sabbath said to God: “Hearken to me, O Lord, (and let me say) but one word. I was with Thee when Thou didst create the Heaven^[117] See also below, p. 32. “It may be noted that nowhere in the old rabbinical literature is there to be found a trace of the mystical concept of the Sabbath occurring in Philo, “A Treatise on the Life of Moses,” Bk. 3, Sec. 36, The Works of Philo Judaeus (trans. C. D. Yonge [London, 1854]), 3, 130 [not Sec. 33 as in Legends, 5, 111], according to which this most distinguished day dates not from the creation of the world but from the time when heaven and all the perceptible universe were as yet uncreated. It is only in Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer (1709), sec. 3, that the Sabbath is counted among the things which existed in the thought of God prior to the creation of the world” (Legends, 5, 111). and didst establish the earth upon the rocks with Thy wisdom. Every creature in Heaven, in the sea, on the dry land, and in the rivers was created by Thy wisdom. O Lord, give me Thy consent and send me not to the unjust,^[118] The obscure qawāmyān, “they who stand,” of H is missing in A. the slanderers,^[119] To be read ḥamāyān. the quarrelsome, and the treacherous. Drive me not away toward those who strike me with their spittle,^[120] Probably to be read měrāqomu as in H instead of měsrāq as in A. who sit in the sun,^[121] See also above, p. 20; to be read manbaromu as in H instead of manbabamu as in A. who wash not with water,^[122] It is recommended that one wash his face and hands on the Sabbath. who lie with women, who purify not their manners, who cover not their…, who throw away their spittle, quench not their fire, and accept not my commandments. As to their women, they knead their dough, they cook,^[123] Kneading dough and cooking are among the thirty-nine labors prohibited on the Sabbath. See above, n. 119. draw water, crush in the mortar, shout, neglect my commandments, and rebuke their neighbors.”^[124] In H all these words are in the negative.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ לְפֶ֙סֶל֙ וּמַסֵּכָ֣ה תּוֹעֵבָ֔ה מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שׁוֹכֵב֙ בְּאֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֔הוּ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְגַלֶּה֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֔יו מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשָּׂנֵא֙ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֔וֹ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שֹׁכֵב֙ בְּאַחֹת֔וֹ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְנַחֵשׁ֙ א֚וֹ יִשְׁאַ֣ל א֔וֹב מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְחַלֵּל֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ לְבֶן־אֱנ֔וֹשׁ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְדַבֵּר֙ רָעָ֣ה ׀ בֶּיהִוַ֔הֵ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִתֶּן֙ מִזַּרְע֔וֹ לַעֲבֹדַ֥ת נְסִיכִ֖ים מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא֙ יִשְׁמַ֔ע בְּדִבְרֵ֖י הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגְנֹב֙ א֣וֹ יְשַׁקֵּ֔ר א֛וֹ יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑וְא מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַסִּיג֙ גְּב֣וּל רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְאׇשְׁר֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁגֶּ֖ה עִוֵּ֣ר בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְיַטֶּ֛ה מִ֥שְׁפַּט־גֵּ֖ר יָת֥וֹם וְאַלְמָנָֽה׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשׁ֜ק וְגָזֵ֗ל וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יְרַמֶּה֙ וְהִלְשִׁ֣ין אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר יֹאמַ֥ר שְׁלֽוֹם־שָׁ֖וְא בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְשַׂנְּאֵ֖הוּ בִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ אֲשֶׁ֣ר זֵדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹנֵ֖י עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑וְא וְנוֹתְנֵ֥י דְּבָרִ֖ים שְׁקָרִֽים׃	God said to Moses:^[125] Here H has a text which does not belong to our passage. A repeats some words of the preceding section. “He who worships a graven or molten image that is impure shall die.^[126] Deut. 27:15 ff., and other passages in the Old Testament. He who lies with his neighbor’s wife shall die. He who uncovers his father’s nakedness shall die.^[127] However the text in Deut. 27:20 says, “Cursed be he that lieth with his father’s wife; because he uncovereth his father’s skirt.” He who despises his father and his mother shall die. He who lies with his sister shall die. He who divines or asks divination by charms shall die. He who profanes the Sabbath shall die. He who worships a human being shall die. He who speaks evil^[128] Read ḥěsuma according to H. against God shall die. He who gives his children into the service of princes that may kill them shall die. He who listens [not]^[129] The text has “who listens.” to the words of the covenant shall die. He who steals, lies, or bears false witness against his neighbor shall die. He who removes his neighbor’s landmarks or (steals) his riches, who makes the blind wander out of the way, who perverts the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and the widow, who oppresses and takes by force, who deceives and slanders his neighbor, who speaks peace with his neighbor deceitfully and hates him in his heart, who… the arrogant ones, who bears false witness or gives false information.”
בְּכׇל־הָעֲלִיל֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה יָמ֥וּת הָאָדָֽם׃ וּבְמַעֲשִׂ֣ים טוֹבִ֔ים וּבִצְדָקָ֖ה וּבִתְפִלָּ֑ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָֽם׃ וּבְפַחֲז֤וּת וּבְעָ֙וֶל֙ וּבַעֲלִיל֣וֹת רָע֔וֹת יָמ֥וּת הָאָדָֽם׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את בְּיָמִ֥ים שְׁמוֹנָֽה׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֲר֔וֹן וְלֹ֛א אֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ הַהָ֑בֶל ה֤וּא יִנְחַל֙ בְּחַיֵּ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם בְּאֵ֥ין ס֖וֹף וּבְאֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ צְדָקָ֥ה תּוֹעִ֖יל נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַצֶּ֑דֶק וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י הַחוֹטֵ֔א נֶ֥גֶד נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יַעֲבֹֽדוּ׃	By all these deeds man shall perish. By deeds of justice, alms, and prayers man shall live. By boasting, injustice, and bad deeds man shall perish. He who loves this world, in eight days… He who loves the last day, [despising] the ephemeral world, will inherit life that has neither limit nor count. Justice will be profitable for the soul of the just, the deeds of the sinner will work against his soul.
8. עַל־מִסְפָּ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־מֵבִ֖יא גֵיהִנּ֑וֹמָה אֱלֹהִים֙ בָּרָ֣א מַלְאָ֔ךְ נֶ֥שֶׁר גָּד֖וֹל וּשְׁמ֥וֹ תַּֽאנִי׃ מְעוֹנ֖וֹ כָּאָ֑רֶץ ה֥וּא מוֹנֶ֖ה עַל־הַחֹטִֽאים׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אֶל־הַנֶּ֗שֶׁר לֵ֨ךְ־נָ֔א מֹ֕ד אֶת־גְּבוּלֵ֥י הַמָּע֖וֹן מִכׇּל־צָדָ֑יו לַחֹטִא֛ים בָּ֥אֵי־ב֖וֹר גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנֶּ֣שֶׁר הַגָּד֔וֹל לִ֥פְנֵי־מֶ֖לֶךְ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְהָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָצַר֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה ׀ לֵאמֹר׃ אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י הַנּוֹרָ֔א הַשּׁוֹלֵ֖חַ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַמַּלְאָכִ֑ים גֵּיהִנּ֤וֹם בְּצִבְאוֹתָיו֙ וּבִ֣מְצוּלוֹתָ֔יו אָ֣יֹם ה֔וּא וַאֲנִ֖י אֵלֵ֥ךְ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ וַֽיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר בְּרַד־אֵ֖שׁ וְגַלְגַּלֵּ֣י לֶהָבָ֑ה וַֽיִּירָ֖אוּ וַֽיִּמַּֽסּוּ׃ וַֽיָּ֤עׇף הַנֶּשֶׁר֙ מִמָּ֣עוֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַֽיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּרָח֖וֹק עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ וַֽיָּ֤קׇם וַֽיִּבְרַח֙ מִמְּע֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמֵחֹטְאֵ֖י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֥שׇׁב אֶל־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ מִבּ֥וֹר גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ הִנֵּ֧ה בָּאִ֛ים נַפְשׁ֥וֹת הַחֹטִ֥אים לְמָק֑וֹם וּמְעֻנִּים֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֽוֹיְבֵי־מַ֔עֲלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹלֵיהֶ֖ם בְּגֵיהִנּֽוֹם׃ צַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם וִיבֵשִׁ֣ים נַפְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם֮ מֵחֹלִ֣י וּמִיִּסּוֹרִים֒ וְהֵ֣ם אוֹמְרִ֗ים אַ֤ל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵנוּ֙ בְּבִיאָתֵ֣נוּ גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹמָה כִּ֥י יֵ֛שׁ בָּשָֽׂר־ע֖וֹד בָּ֑נוּ וְה֥וּא עוֹבֵ֖ר מֵאֶצְלָֽם׃ נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַצַּדִּקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁמְר֥וּ הַמִּצְוֹ֖ת חֻקַּ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים אוֹמְרִ֣ים אֵלָ֗יו שְׁאַל־נָ֣א מֶיהִוַ֔הֵ עַד־מָתַ֛י נְשֻׁלַּ֥ם לְפָנֶ֖יךָ אֲדֹנָֽי׃	8. Because of the number [of the sinners] whom He brings into Hell, God has created an angel, a great eagle named Tāni.^[130] A curious and quite obscure legend. Aescoli, p. 95, suspects an Egyptian origin. His residence is as (large as) a land, and he was appointed for the sinners. God said to the eagle: “Go and measure the limits of the residence,^[131] To be read maḥdaru instead of maḥdagu. from all sides, for the sinners who enter the pit of Gehenna.”^[132] Abba Elijah, p. 44. The great eagle said to the King of Heaven and earth, who created Heaven, the earth, the sea, and the dry land: “O terrible Lord, who releasest the souls of the angels! Hell with its hosts and precipices^[133] According to H. is terrible. I shall follow him.” God [threw] behind the eagle hailstones of fire and wheels of ﬂashing fire, and they were frightened and became liquid. The eagle ﬂew from God’s dwelling and stayed away for twenty years. And having risen and ﬂed from God’s dwelling and from the sinners of Hell,^[134] According to H. he returned to God from the pit of Hell. The souls of the sinners arrive at the place where they… and are tortured by their enemies from above who suspend them in Hell. They are grieved while their souls wither away from sickness and ordeals, and they say: “Destroy us not when we come into Hell, while still with ﬂesh…” and he passes them. The souls of the just who observed the commandments, the law of life, say (to the eagle): “Ask God, ‘When will we be rewarded before Thee, O Lord?'”
וַיָּ֣שׇׁב הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר אֶל־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בּוֹרְאֵ֑הוּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׁ֥לַח־לֽוֹ׃ וְדַ֣ק הָיָ֔ה כְּנִשְׁמַ֥ת הַתּ֖וֹר דַּ֥ק הַבָּשָֽׂר׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֤א קָטָן֙ וַֽתִּרְפֶּ֣ינָה כְּנָפָ֔יו עַצְמוֹתָ֖יו נִגְל֥וּ חִשּׂוּפִֽים׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אַתָּ֤ה לְבַדְּךָ֙ גָּד֣וֹל וְקָד֔וֹשׁ וּמְהֻלָּ֖ל הָאָד֥וֹן הַנּוֹרָֽא׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְנֶ֑שֶׁר הֲאַתָּ֤ה הָלַכְתָּ֙ עַד־גְּבוּלֵ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹם אׇרְכּ֖וֹ וְרׇחְבּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ לֹא־בָּ֣אתִי אֵלָ֔יו עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַנֶּ֣שֶׁר הַגָּד֑וֹל וּמָ֥ה קָרָ֖ה לָֽךְ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֣הֵ בּוֹרְאֵ֑הוּ יַ֚עַן כִּ֤י רָאִיתִי֙ שׁוֹא֣וֹת גֵּיהִ֔נּוֹם וּמְצ֤וּלוֹתָיו֙ וְצִבְאוֹתָ֣יו הָאֵ֔שׁ וְאַרְצ֛וֹת גְּזֵר֥וֹת הָאֵ֖שׁ וְנִצֵּ֥י הָאֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ע֔וֹד הַנֶּ֖שֶׁר לֶיהִוַ֑הֵ רָאִ֕יתִי עֹ֥נֶשׁ גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם וְכׇל־צִבְאוֹתָֽיו׃ בָּאתִ֣י בַּמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֛ר תְּלוּי֖וֹת נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחֹטִ֑אים בְּבִיאוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃ וַֽיַּשְׁלִ֨כוּ פַּֽרְסֵי־אֵ֜שׁ וְנִֽמְרֵי־אֵ֗שׁ אֵ֤ת הַחֹטִאים֙ מִגְּבוּלֵ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹם עַ֖ד בּ֣וֹר גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם כְּמוֹ־אֶ֖בֶן וְלֹא־עָלֽוּ׃ וַֽיִּתְפְּס֥וּ נִמְרֵי־אֵ֖שׁ אֶת־צִבְא֣וֹת הַחֹטִ֑אים כַּתַּנִּינִ֕ים הַתּוֹפְסִ֥ים בַּאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הַמַּֽיִם׃ וְלֹ֣א מֵתִ֔ים כִּי־יֵ֥שׁ נְפָשׁ֖וֹת בְּגוּפָ֑ם וּלְבָב֥וֹת מַחְשְׁב֖וֹת ט֥וֹב וָרַֽע׃ וְאֵ֕ת עֲלִיל֥וֹתֵיהֶ֖ם הֵ֣ם מְסַפְּרִ֑ים וְאֵ֧ת כׇּל־הַחֲטָא֛וֹת אֲשֶׁר־חָטְא֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו הֵ֥ם רוֹאִֽים׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת הַחַיִּ֑ים בְּנֵ֥י גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם עַ֥ל חַטֹּאותָֽם׃ אַ֚ךְ עַ֣ל־חַיִּ֔ים אֵין־ס֥וֹף וְאֵין־מִדָּ֖ה וְאֵין־גְּב֑וּל לְשׁוֹמְרֵי֙ מִצְוֹ֣ת הַחַיִּ֔ים וְחַ֖י בָּהֶֽם׃ אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א שָׁמְר֖וּם בִּשְׁא֣וֹל יָמ֑וּתוּ וְאֵין־גְּב֖וּל לֽוֹ׃	And the eagle returned to God, his Creator, who sent him. He was emaciated and became like the breath of the lean-ﬂeshed turtledove. He came being small (in appearance), his wings hung down, his bones showed their bare points. And the angel, the eagle, said to God: “O Lord, Thou alone art great, holy, and praised, O terrible Lord!” God said to the eagle: “Didst thou travel unto the limits of Hell,^[135] The text has “of the sea.” in its length and width?” The eagle said: “I reached it not in the twenty years (I was away) until today.” God said to the great eagle: “What happened to thee?” The eagle said to God, his Creator: “It is because I saw the calamities of Hell, its precipices, its legions of fire, the fiery rugged places, and the hawks of fire.”^[136] According to H. The eagle said again to God: “I saw the punishment of Hell, and all its legions. I arrived^[137] The text has “I brought.” at the place where the souls of the sinners are suspended on entering Hell. Vultures of fire and tigers of fire cast down the sinners from the borders of Hell into the pit of Hell like stones, and they rose not. fiery tigers seized the hosts of sinners as crocodiles seize men in the midst of the waters. They die not, for they have souls in their bodies and hearts with which they devise good and evil. They tell their deeds,^[138] To be read měgbāromu as suggested by Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 146. and they see all the sins they have committed before Him. None of the sins are hidden.^[139] According to H. Our text has waʾiyětbatak. Those who observed not the commandments of life are subjected to Hell because of their sins. As for (eternal) life, it has no end, no measure, and no limit for those who observe the commandments of life so that they may live. Those who observed not (the commandments) shall die in Sheol, and there is no limit to it.”^[140] Taken from H. Apoc. Paul, Sec. 32 (James, p. 543).
9. בְּי֨וֹם תּוֹכֵחַ֤ת יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י־אָדָ֔ם תַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת בְּפֶ֥תַח גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם בְּגֵ֣יא הָאֵ֑שׁ וַתֹּאמֵ֗ר בֵּאלֹהִ֕ים לֹ֨א יִבָּדְל֤וּ הַצַּדִּיקִים֙ מֵהַ֣חֹטִ֔אים עַד־ אַבְדִּילֵ֖ם לְמַעֲנִֽי׃ וַאֲנִ֣י אוֹדִיעֲךָ֔ לְמִ֖י אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֣א נָחִ֑ים וּלְמִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֥א שֹׁמְרִ֖ים אֶת־חֻקַּֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לָ֑הּ הִנָּ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ לְפָנַֽי׃ וַתֹּ֤אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אַל־תִּֽזְכׇּר־נָ֖א חַטְּא֣וֹת עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמְר֖וּ שַׁבַּתֶּֽךָ׃ אַתָּ֣ה נְתָנַ֗נִי לִהְי֥וֹת־עֵד֙ לָעַמִּ֔ים וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ בְּפִ֖י מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ כִּ֚י א֣וֹת הִ֔וא בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹ֥רֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ וַהֲלֹ֣א אָמַ֗רְתָּ וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם וּמְנוּחָ֧ה הִ֛וא וְהָ֥יְתָה עֵ֖ד לָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ וּמוּמֵיהֶ֥ם הָאֲחֵרִ֖ים לֹ֣א יוּכָ֑חוּ אָכֵ֗ן אֶשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־חַ֣טֹּאותָ֔ם לְמַעֲנֵ֖ךְ עֵדִֽי׃ וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א תְּסַפְּרֵ֔ם בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר הַכּוֹפְרִ֖ים עַל־חַטֹּאותָ֑ם וּבְלֹ֥א צַדִּיקִ֖ים לֹ֥א תְּזַוְּגֵֽם׃ אֲבַ֥קְשָׁה־לְךָ֖ לְמַ֣עַן כְּבוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְתִתְּנֶ֤נּוּ לִי֙ וְלֹ֣א תְּשִׁיבֶ֔נּוּ לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶֽךָ׃ אָנֹכִ֣י שַׁבַּתְּךָ֗ קַ֨מְתִּי בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י וְשִׁפְחוֹתַ֔י מִן־הַצּוֹרְרִ֖ים וּמִן־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים כִּ֥י רְחוּמָ֖ה אָֽנִי׃ מָה־יִזְכֶּ֖ה יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה הֵ֚ן עַד־שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֔חַ לֹ֥א זַכּ֖וּ לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ אֲהָ֥הּ אֲדֹנָ֖י תְּנֵ֑נִי וְאוֹצִ֤יאָה אֶת־עֲבָדַי֙ לְע֣וֹלְמֵי־עַ֔ד וְאֵין־ס֖וֹף אָמֵֽן׃	9. On the day when God reprimands the children of Adam the Sabbath will stand at the entrance of Hell in the valley of fire^[141] H has qěst instead of ʾěsāt as in A. For the name “valley of fire” cf. I Enoch 54:1, “a deep valley with burning fire”; 67:4, “burning valley.” and will say: “By God! May the just not be separated from the sinners before I separate them for my sake.^[142] The sentence is obscure. I shall inform Thee of those who rest not and observe not my laws.” God said to her: “Numerous are those who committed sins before me.” The Sabbath said to God: “Remember not the sins of Thy servants after they observed Thy Sabbath. Thou hast given me for a witness to the peoples, and Thou hast said through the mouth of Thy servant Moses: ‘My Sabbath you shall keep, for it is a sign between you and me throughout your generations.'^[143] Exod. 31:13. And Thou hast said: ‘You shall keep my Sabbath, for it is holy and a rest unto you, and later it will be a witness.^[144] Ibid. Their other faults will not be reprimanded. Verily, I shall forget their sins because of thee,^[145] To be read ʾanta as in H instead of ʾěsāt as in A. my witness.’ Thou shalt not count them among the infidels because of their faults, and Thou shalt not couple them with the unjust. I conjure Thee by Thy glory. Thou hast granted it to me, and Thou wilt not deny it because of Thy justice. I, Thy Sabbath, rose on that day to deliver my menservants and maidservants from among the living [?]^[146] To be read perhaps hayāděyān, “oppressors.” and the wicked, for I am merciful. How can he be clean that is born of woman? Not even the sun and the moon are clean before Thee!^[147] Job 25:4. O Lord, permit me to deliver my servants forever, without limit. Amen.”
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֣ת לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֣א ׀ אֲהַמְּמֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֤א אֶמְנַע֙ אֶת־בַּ֣קָּשָׁתֵ֔ךְ אֶ֥תֵּן לָ֖ךְ אֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ וָאֹמַ֧ר בֶּאֱמֶ֛ת בְּשֵׁ֥ם מִשְׁפָּטִ֖י וּבְשַׁבַּתִּֽי׃ וְעַתָּ֞ה יָנ֤וּחוּ מִגֵּיהִנּוֹם֙ בַּ֣יּוֹם הַה֔וּא כִּ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת הִ֥יא עֵ֖ד לְשׁוֹמְרֶֽיהָ׃ וַתֹּאמֵ֧ר שַׁבָּ֛ת לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ תְּנֵֽנִי׃	God said to the Sabbath: “I shall not confound thee and shall not refuse thee what thou hast asked of me.^[148] The text of A is not clear. I grant thee everything that is thine. I say it truly in the name of my justice and of my Sabbath. And now may they have respite from Hell on that day, since the Sabbath is the witness for those who observe it.”^[149] Translated according to H. The text of A is different. Sabbath said to God: “Grant me (it).”
הָב֤וּ הָעָם֙ בֹּ֣אוּ כֻּלְּכֶ֔ם שֹׁמְרֵ֥י חֻקַּ֖י וּמְנוּחָתִ֑י הֵ֗ם יִרְא֤וּ מְנוּחָה֙ בְּלִ֣י ס֔וֹף וְשִׂמְחַ֖ת הַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃ לָהֶ֛ם תִּהְיֶ֥ה הַפוּגָ֖ה מִפִּ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם בַּיּ֨וֹם הַקָּד֤וֹשׁ הַהוּא֙ בַּשַּׁבָּ֔ת יִחְי֖וּ בְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ אֶת־מְרִיבָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִרְא֑וּ וְאֶת־רַ֥עַשׁ רִ֖יב לֹ֥א יִשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן לֶאֱכֹ֛ל לְמַ֥עַן הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת ׀ יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ ט֥וֹב הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט ׀ ט֣וֹב הַצְּדָקָ֑ה ׀ ט֖וֹב הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֖וֹב דּוּמִיָּ֥ה בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֛וֹב עֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֖ט בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ אֵ֖ין כַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ טוֹבִ֥ים מִכֻּלָּ֖ם רַחֲמִ֥ים וּצְדָקָֽה׃ ט֖וֹב צֶֽדֶק׃ ט֚וֹב עַנְוַת־ר֔וּחַ לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֹֽרֶךְ־רֽוּחַ׃ ט֣וֹב חֶ֔סֶד ׀ ט֖וֹב מִשְׁפַּ֣ט אֱמֶ֑ת ׀ ט֖וֹב תְּפִלָּֽה׃ אֵ֤ין דּוֹמֶה֙ לַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וְלִשְׁמִירַ֖ת הַמִּצְוֹֽת׃ אֵ֤ין מִצְוָה֙ כָּמ֔וֹהָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר תִּמְצָ֛א אֶת־נִשְׁמַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם מֵעֹ֥נֶשׁ גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ ט֣וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת ׀ מֵעַ֤ל הַכֹּל֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אוֹהֵ֔ב שׁוֹמְרֵ֖י הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֚וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת ׀ מֵעַ֤ל הַכֹּל֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ שׂוֹנֵ֔א לֹ֥א־שׁוֹמְרֵ֖י הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֥וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מִכׇּל־הַמִּצְוֹֽת׃ ט֖וֹב הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ הָאִ֥ישׁ נֶ֖גֶד יֶהִוַ֑הֵ ה֣וּא הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־שֹׁמֵ֨ר אֶת־מִצְוַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ וְחֻקּוֹתָ֔יו וְלֹ֖א יַאֲמִֽין׃	O people, come all of you who observe my law and my rest! They will enjoy^[150] The text has “see.” a rest without limit and the happiness of the just. They will have respite from the mouth of Hell.^[151] II Baruch 59:10, “mouth of Gehenna.” On that holy day, on the Sabbath,^[152] A has “because of the Sabbath.” they will live in joy. They will not see^[153] The text of A has “they will see.” strife,^[154] H has here qědděst, which does not yield any meaning. nor will the noise of strife be heard. They who, because of the Sabbath, gave to eat, will eat. Justice is good. Alms are good. The Sabbath is good. Silence on Sabbath is good.^[155] Prov. 10:19. On midrashic and talmudic references see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 3, 753. The doing of justice on the Sabbath is good. Nothing is like the Sabbath. Mercy and alms are greater than all. Justice is good. Humility before God^[156] For exhortation to humility see Sirach 7:4-7. and patience are good. Kindness is good. True judgment is good. Worshiping [is good]. Nothing can vie with the Sabbath and the observance of the commandments. There is no other commandment like it that can deliver the soul of man from the punishment of Hell. The Sabbath is good. Above all, God loves those who observe the Sabbath. The Sabbath is good. Above all, God hates those who observe not the Sabbath. The Sabbath is better than all the commandments.^[157] According to the Talmud the law of the Sabbath is equal to all the other laws and commandments of the Torah. For the several passages, see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 1, 905; J. L. Baruch, Sefer haššabbaṯ, pp. 242-246. The Sabbath is good. The man who is against me, O God, is he who observes not the commandments of the Sabbath and its precepts and who believes not.
זֹ֚את מִצְוַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כׇּל־שׁוֹמְרֶ֖יהָ יִחְיֽוּ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א שׁוֹמְרֶ֔יהָ עַד־עוֹלָ֖ם יֵעָנֵֽשׁוּ׃	This is the commandment of the Sabbath. They who observe it shall live. They who do not observe it shall be punished forever.
10. הַלְל֣וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּעֲדַ֖ת כְּבוֹד֑וֹ ה֥וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ קָד֥וֹשׁ וְצַדִּ֖יק וְאֵ֥ין כָּמוֹהֽוּ׃ מַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם מִ֣יכָאֵ֗ל וְגַ֤בְרִיאֵל֙ וּ֣פְנוּאֵ֔ל וְצִ֥בְאוֹתָ֖יו יְהַלְּל֑וּהוּ וְקָרְא֗וּהוּ אֵ֤ל וָאֵל֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מַלְאֵיהֵ֔י לָהֵ֥י לֹהֵ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י צְבָאֽוֹת׃ קָד֗וֹשׁ קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ יֶהִוַ֥הֵ צְבָא֖וֹת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֣וֹ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ וְכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֔יִם מְשַׁבְּח֖וּהוּ בִּתְבוּנָתָֽם׃	10. Praise be to God in the council of His glory. He alone is holy and just and there is none like Him. The angels of Heaven, Michael, Gabriel, and Fānuʾēl^[158] H has Rāguʾēl. Fanuʾēl is mentioned in I Enoch 40:9 as one “who is set over the repentance unto hope of those who inherit eternal life.“ In I Enoch 54:6 Fānuʾēl together with Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael casts the hosts of Azazel into the burning furnace; see also, I Enoch 71: 8, 9, 13. The name occurs also in I Chron. 4:4; 8:25. A holy day of the archangel Fānu’ēl is celebrated by the Ethiopians on the 3rd of Tāxsās. and their hosts praise Him and call Him: ʾĒl, Waʾēl, ’ʾĒlohē, Malʾēhē, Lahē, Lohē,^[159] The same passage occurs in the Prayers of the Falashas. All the names of God are variants of ʾĒl, ʾĒlohē. Instead of Lohē, H has ʾĒlwāhē. H has also (la) yolsādēy to be connected with the Old Testament ʾel šadday. ʾAdonai Sabaoth. Holy, Holy, Holy is God of Sabaoth, the King. All the earth is filled with Thy glory.^[160] Ps. 72:19; Isa. 6:13 O Lord! And the stars of Heaven praise Him with intelligence.^[161] H has “in their hearts.”
קָד֥וֹשׁ וּבָר֖וּךְ אֲדֹנָ֣י צְבָא֑וֹת חַ֖י הֽוּא׃ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְאֵ֤ין כָּמוֹךָ֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְה֣וּא ׀ מְהֻלָּ֣ל ׀ מִמַּלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֡יִם וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַ֠תְּהֹמֹ֠ת וּמַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַמַּעֲיָנִ֜ים וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָר֗וּחַ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֤י הַשֶּׁ֔לֶג וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד וּמַלְאֲכֵ֤י הָאֵשׁ֙ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַכְּפ֔וֹר וּמַלְאֲכֵ֧י הַסְּעָרָ֛ה וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַחֹ֖רֶף וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַקַּֽיִץ׃ וּמַלְאָכִים֮ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י אָדָם֒ וּמַ֤לְאָכִים֙ רוֹכְבֵ֤י מֶרְכָּבוֹת֙ וְר֣וֹכְבֵי אֵ֔שׁ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י מָר֖וֹם וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַיָּ֑ם וּמְשָׁרְתֵ֖י הָאֵֽשׁ׃ הֵ֚ם אוֹמְרִ֣ים לְפָנָ֔יו הֶ֞וּא יָצַ֥ר וּבָרָ֛א אֶת־אָדָ֖ם בְּצַלְמ֑וֹ וְעִם־נֹ֕חַ כָּרַ֖ת בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ עֹ֥שֵׂה חֶ֖סֶד לָאֲלָפִ֑ים חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם וְרַב־חֶ֥סֶד וּצְדָקָֽה׃ אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ אַבְרָהָ֤ם וְיִצְחָק֙ וְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וִיהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֛ל וְאֵלִיָּ֥הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֖ע שִׁבְּחֽוּהוּ׃	Holy and praised is the Lord of Sabaoth. He is living. All the earth is filled with Thy glory, and there is none like Thee in the heavens above and on the earth below. All the earth is filled with Thy glory, and He is praised by the angels of Heaven, the angels of the abysses, the angels of the springs, the angels of the wind, the angels of the snow, the angels of hail, the angels of fire, the angels of hoarfrost, the angels of the storm, the angels of winter, the angels of summer, the angels who serve mankind, the angels who ride upon chariots and upon fire, the angels on high, the angels of the sea, and those who administer the fire,^[162] Jubilees 2:3. and they say to Him: “He made and created Adam after His likeness, and made an everlasting covenant with Noah. He shows His mercy unto thousands, He the merciful and gracious, long- suffering, and abundant in mercy, the just.^[163] Exod. 34:6. Our fathers Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, Samuel, Elijah, and Elisha praised Him.
11. בִּיצִירַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־אָדָ֖ם וַעֲשִׂיָּ֑תוֹ ה֥וּא לָקַ֛ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֖ם חֹֽמֶר׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח גַּם־אֵ֤שׁ וְרוּחַ֙ וּמַ֔יִם וַאֲבָנִ֖ים כְּתוּשִׁ֑ים וַֽיַּ֖עַשׂ אָדָֽם׃ וַֽיַּ֨עַשׂ עֲצָמ֤וֹת בְּאֵיבָרָיו֙ וַֽיִּשְׂרְגֵ֣ם בְּגִידִ֔ים וַיְכַ֥ס אֶת־הַגּ֖וּף בָּע֑וֹר וַיִּ֨פַּח־בּ֔וֹ ר֧וּחַ קָד֛וֹשׁ וַיְהִ֥י אָדָ֖ם חַֽי׃ וַֽיִּתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ בְּרַגְלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְחַזֵּ֖ק בְּבִרְכָּ֑יו וַֽיְדַבֵּ֖ר בִּלְשׁוֹנֽוֹ׃ וַֽיִּבְרָ֣א יֶהִוַ֡הֵ אֶת־רַגְלֵ֣י אָ֣דָם לְהִתְהַלֵּךְ֮ וְאֶת־יָדָ֣יו לִתְפֹּס֒ וְאֶת־עֵינָ֨יו לִרְא֜וֹת וְאֶת־אׇזְנָ֣יו לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְאֶת־לְשׁוֹנ֤וֹ לְדַבֵּר֙ וְאֶת־אַ֣פּוֹ לְהָרִ֔יחַ וְאֶת־לִבּ֖וֹ לַחֲשֹׁ֑ב וְאֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֖ה לָג֥וּר שָֽׂם׃	11. When God fashioned and made Adam, He took clay from the land of Dudālēm. He also took fire, wind, and water, crushed stones,^[164] According to H. and made Adam.^[165] See above, p. 13. He made bones in his members, tied them up with nerves, covered the body with skin, blew into him a holy breath, and Adam became a living being.^[166] Cf. the Arabic concept in Mohammedanische Eschatologie, ed. M. Wolff (1872), p. 11. He walked with his feet, his knees were strengthened, and he spoke with his tongue.^[167] Beginning here the text of H is used. Manuscript A ends on the next folio. God created the feet that man may walk, the hands that he may grasp, the eyes that he may see, the ears that he may hear, the tongue that he may speak, the nose that he may smell, and the heart that he may think, and an agreeable world in which to live.
וַֽיְשִׂימֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּגַ֣ן־הָעֲדָנִ֔ים לְשׇׁמְרָ֖הּ וְלֶאֱכֹ֣ל מִפִּרְיָ֑הּ וְלָגוּר־בּ֣וֹ לְעוֹלָ֔ם בַּל־יַעֲמֹ֥ל וּבַל־יַרְוֶ֖ה וּבַל־יַעֲבֹֽד׃ יֵשׁ־בָּהּ֮ וּפִרְיָ֣ם לֹא־נָפְלוּ֒ וַעֲלֵהֶ֣ם לֹא־נָבְל֗וּ וְשׇׁרָשָׁיו֙ לֹ֣א יָבֵ֔שׁוּ וְלֹא־הֵמִ֖ישׁוּ מֵֽעֲשׂוֹת־פֶּֽרִי׃ אַ֕ךְ אָדָ֥ם אִבֵּ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַחַ֑יִּים וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־מִצְוֹ֥ת בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֨הוּ יֶהִוַ֜הֵ מִגַּ֣ן ׀ הָעֲדָנִ֣ים וְהַמַּעֲדַנִּ֗ים לַעֲבֹ֤ד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה֙ וּלְשׇׁמְרָ֔הּ וְלֶאֱכֹ֨ל אֶת־עֵ֤שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בְּזֵעַ֣ת אַפָּ֔יו וּבְעִצְבּ֥וֹן גּוּפָ֖יו וּבִכְאֵ֣ב נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֥י עָבַ֖ר מִצְוֹ֥ת בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ וַיִּחְיוּ֙ אָדָ֣ם וְזַרְע֔וֹ בֶּעָמָ֖ל וּבְעִצְבּ֣וֹן גּוּפָ֑ם וַיִּרְבּ֖וּ יִסּוּרֵיהֶֽם׃	God put [Adam] in the Garden of Pleasure to keep it and to eat of its fruits and to live in it forever without laboring or watering it or working.^[168] See above, n. 50. Gen. 2:15 states, however, that God put Adam into the Garden of Eden to dress it and keep it; see also, Jubilees 2:9. There were (trees in it) the fruit of which fell not, whose leaves faded not, whose roots dried not, nor ceased to yield fruit. But Adam lost the way of life and transgressed the commandments of his Creator. God sent him forth from the Garden of Pleasure and delight to till the earth and keep it, to eat the herb of the field by the sweat of his brow, the labor of his body, and the pain of his soul, for he transgressed the commandments of his Creator. And Adam and his seed lived in labor and in the pain of their bodies. Their affliction became greater.
וְנֹ֛חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ כִּ֗י ה֚וּא אִ֣ישׁ צַדִּ֔יק בְּמַעֲשָׂ֖יו וּבֶאֱמוּנָתֽוֹ׃ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן ל֤וֹ יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶת־א֣וֹת הַשָּׁל֔וֹם וַיִּ֥כְרֹת־בּ֖וֹ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֨י לֹ֤א יוֹסִיף֙ לְקַלֵּ֣ל ע֔וֹד אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה בַּעֲב֖וּר מַעֲשֵׂ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃	Noah found grace in the sight of God, for^[169] The words xabʾo ʾĚgziʾāběḥěr do not see to yield any meaning. he was just in his deeds and in his belief. God gave him the sign of peace and established an everlasting covenant with him that He will no more destroy the earth because of the deeds of mankind.^[170] Gen. 6:8, 8:21.
וַֽתִּגָּלֶ֤ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָם֙ וַֽתֶּ֣אֱהָבֵ֔הוּ עַד־ס֥וֹף הָעֹלָ֖ם ה֣וּא וְאַתָּ֑ה לְבָרֲכ֨וֹ וּלְהַרְבּ֤וֹת זַרְעוֹ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃ מִתּ֨וֹךְ זַרְע֜וֹ כָּרַ֤ת בְּרִית֙ עִם־יִצְחָ֔ק אֲשֶׁ֛ר טִהֵ֥ר אֶת־גּוּפ֖וֹ מִמָּק֣וֹם חֲטָאָ֑ה וּבְיַעֲקֹ֖ב יְדִידֽוֹ׃ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֤יא יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ בַּעֲצָת֥וֹ וְחׇכְמָת֖וֹ בְּעֵ֣ת הַמַּבּ֑וּל כֵּ֕ן הוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם מִמְּדִינַ֥ת הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃	Then Thou didst appear to Abraham, and Thou didst love him until the end of the world, him and you [?], to bless him and to multiply his seed as the stars of the Heaven and as the sands on the sea(shore). From among his seed Thou hast established a covenant with Isaac who purified his body from the spot of sin; and with Jacob, His beloved. As God brought forth Noah [from the ark] with His advice and wisdom at the time of the ﬂood, so He brought forth Abraham from the country of the Chaldeans.
וַֽיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ חֲכָמַ֣י כְּנַ֗עַן הִנֵּ֛ה יוֹלִ֥יד תֶּרַ֖ח בֵּ֑ן וְה֛וּא יְעַוֵּ֥ת וִישַׁחֵ֖ת אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י כְּנַעַֽן׃ עוֹדֶ֙נּוּ֙ מְנַ֣חֲשִׁ֔ים וַֽיּ֥וֹלֶד תֶּ֖רַח בֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אַבְרָהָֽם׃ וַֽיְשִׂמֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּמְעָרַ֣ת בֵּית֔וֹ שֶׁ֖בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וְיוֹצִיאֵ֖הוּ לַ֥ילָה אֶחָֽד׃ וַיַּ֥רְא אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֣חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֑ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֚לֶּה יִהְי֣וּ בְּעָלַ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ הַלַּ֣ילָה הַשֵּׁנִ֔י רָאָ֥ה אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וַֽיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אֵלָֽיו׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֧א הַיָּרֵ֛חַ אֶל־מְקוֹמ֖וֹ וַ֣יְהִי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם לֹ֨א אֵל֙ הַיָּרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א אֵלִ֖ים הַכּוֹכָבִ֥ים הֵֽם׃ וַֽיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ תֶּ֖רַח בַּמְּעָרָ֑ה וַֽיִּרְתַּ֣ח לִבּ֔וֹ וַֽיֵּ֛צֵא בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בָּעֵ֥ת הַצׇּהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיַּ֣רְא אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֮מֶשׁ֮ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל־לָהּ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשֶּׁ֕מֶשׁ הִ֥יא תְּהִ֖י אֵלִ֑י אוֹרָ֥הּ בָּהִ֖יר מֵעַל־הַכֹּֽל׃ וַֽתָּבֹ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וַ֣יְהִי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַֽתְּעַלֵּ֖ם הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ וַֽיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־פָּנָ֣יו קֵ֗דְמָה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ׀ אַתָּ֤ה תְּהִי־נָא֙ אֱלֹהַ֔י אַתָּ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּרָ֖א אֶת־הַכֹּ֑ל וְאַל־אֶתְפַּלְלָ֧ה לְאַחֵ֛ר רַ֛ק לְבֹרֵ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וְהַיָּרֵֽחַ׃	The wise of Canaan said (to Nimrod): “Behold, Terah will beget a son who will pervert and destroy the precepts of Canaan.”^[171] The birth of Abraham “had been read in the stars by Nimrod… and it was manifest to him that a man would be born in his days who would rise against him and triumphantly give the lie to his religion” (Legends, 1, 186; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 2). And while they divined, Terah begat a son and called him Abraham. He put him into a cavern of his house for seven years,^[172] Abraham was hidden in the cave in order that he might escape being killed by Nimrod who, like Pharaoh in the story of Moses, ordered all the new-born boys to be killed (Legends, 1, 187 ff.). For other accounts of Abraham’s youth see Legends, 5, 209, n. 13; Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 2-31. According to some of the legends Abraham remained in the cave three, ten, or thirteen years (Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 3), or seven days (Legends, 1, 189). In our text the seven years perhaps are actually seven days. and then he let him go out one night. Abraham saw the moon and the stars and said: “They shall be my masters, and I shall worship them.” The second night he saw the moon and worshiped it. When the moon set and it became dark Abraham said: “Neither the moon nor the stars are gods.” Terah again put him into the cave. His heart^[173] The text has “intelligence.” was boiling, and he went out the third day at noon. He saw the sun, worshiped it, and said: “The sun will be my God, its light is the brightest.” But when the sun set it became dark and the sun disappeared. Abraham turned his face toward the east and said: “Be my God, Thou who hast created everything, and I shall not Worship another, but Him who has created the sun and the moon.”^[174] Legends, 1, 189, 212-213; 5, 110, n. 16; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 3. According to another opinion he attained the true knowledge of God when he was forty-eight years old (K. Kohler, “Abraham,” JE, 1, 85).
וַֽיַּ֥רְא אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה תָּֽרַח׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֣ח גַּרְזֶ֗ן וַֽיְבַקַּע֙ אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֔ים וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵ֖ם לַחֲתִיכ֑וֹת וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַגַּרְזֶ֛ן עַל־גָּר֥וֹן אֶחָ֖ד מֵהֶֽם׃ וַיְהִ֕י כִּי־רָאָ֥ה תֶּ֖רַח אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֣ים הַנִּשְׁבָּרִ֑ים וַֽיִּזְעַ֤ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מִמִּ֣י כׇּל־זֶ֔ה וַֽיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֥א יָדַֽעְנוּ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תֶּ֔רַח יוֹדֵ֥עַ אֲנִ֖י מִ֣י עָשָׂ֑ה וַֽיִּקְרָ֤א לְאַבְרָהָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לָמָּ֥ה שִׁבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶת־כׇּל־פְּסִילַֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֖ם לֹא־אָ֑נִי אַ֚ךְ הָאֵ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל הַזֶּ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁבְרָ֖ם בְּקִנְאָֽתוֹ׃ הִנֵּ֥ה הַגַּרְזֶ֖ן עַל־גְּרוֹנ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֥ה מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תָּ֔רַח הַזֶּ֕ה לֹ֥א בְּכֹח֖וֹ לְשַׁבֵּֽר׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם וְלָמָּ֛ה אַתָּ֥ה מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְפָנָ֑יו הִנֵּ֨ה אִ֤ישׁ הוֹרֵג֙ בְּנ֣וֹ וְאָבִ֔יו בִּכְנִיעָת֛וֹ לַפֶּ֥סֶל הַזֶּ֖ה וּבְקִ֥נְאָתוֹ לֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תָּ֔רַח אָכֵ֖ן יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֑נִי כִּי־בְּנִ֥י יְבַטֵּ֖ל אֶת־דַּ֥ת כְּנַֽעַן׃ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֕הוּ אֶל־נִמְרֹ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ כְּנַ֑עַן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֤ה וָכֹה֙ עוֹשֶׂ֣ה בְּנִ֔י ה֛וּא שֹׂנֵ֥א אֶת־פְּסִילַ֖י וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵֽם׃ וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֣וֹ נִמְרֹ֔ד הַאֱמֶ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֑ר וְהָ֥בָה נִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לַפֶּ֥סֶל הַזֶּֽה׃ וַֽיְמָאֵ֖ן אַבְרָהָ֑ם אֱלֹהַי֙ בַּ֣שָּׁמַ֔יִם וְה֧וּא בָּרָ֛א אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְאֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֥יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ הַמַּמְלִיכְךָ֖ מֶ֑לֶךְ ה֖וּא בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נִמְרֹ֔ד אֶעֱלֶ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וְאֶהֱרֹ֛ג אֶת־מִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֖אתָ אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח חִצִּ֜ים וְקֶ֣שֶׁת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַֽיִּרְכַּב֙ עַל־הַפְּרָסִ֔ים וַיָּ֥שֶׂם עַל־רֹאשָׁ֖ם נִתְחֵ֣י בָשָׂ֑ר פֶּן־יְאַבֵּ֤ד אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְזֶ֣ה מַרְפֵּ֔א וַֽיַּעֲל֥וּ יְשָׁרִ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ וַיְהִי֙ כִּי־בָּ֣א עַד־הֶעָ֔נָן וַיַּ֣רְא נֶ֔שֶׁר אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַֽיְּנַקֵּ֥ר אֶת־הַנֶּ֖שֶׁר עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים וַֽיֵּ֤רֶד אֶל־אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֕ה דַּ֥ם הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּ֥י הָרַגְתִּֽיו׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֱלֹהַ֖י לֹ֣א מֵ֑ת כִּ֥י מֵמִ֖ית הֽוּא׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נִמְרֹ֗ד הֲיָב֛וֹא בֶּן־מֹ֖רֶה מִזֶּ֣רַע תָּ֑רַח וַֽיֹּאמְר֖וּ שָׁמַֽעְנוּ׃	Abraham saw all the idols which Terah had made. He took an ax and clove the carved idols and broke them to pieces and laid the ax on the neck of one of them.^[175] According to other legends Abraham put the hatchet in the hand of the biggest god among them (Legends, 1:24; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 11). When Terah saw the broken idols he shouted and said: “Who [did] all this?” They said to him: “We know not.” Terah said: “I know who did this,” and he called Abraham and said to him: “Why hast thou broken my idols?” Abraham said: “It was not I but this great god who broke them because of jealousy. Behold, the ax is on his neck. And thou worshipest him!” Terah said: “This one cannot break (anything).”^[176] This is more explicitly explained in Legends, 1, 214-215: “Terah said: ‘Is there spirit, soul, or power in these gods to do all thou hast told me? Are they not wood or stone? And have I not myself made them?'” [Abraham said]: “Why then dost thou worship him? A man kills even his son or his father through submission to this idol and zeal for it.” Terah said: “Verily, I know that my son will abolish the religion of Canaan.” He sent him to Nimrod, the king of Canaan, and he said to him: “This is how my son acts, he hates my idols and has broken them.” Nimrod said to him: “Is it true, what he has said? Come, let us worship this idol.” Abraham refused [and said]: “My God is in Heaven. It is He who has created the sun, the moon, the heavens, and the earth. He who appoints thee king is in Heaven.” Nimrod said: “I shall ascend into Heaven and kill him whom thou callest thy God.” He took arrows and a bow,^[177] It is known that Nimrod was a hunter (Gen. 10:9). rode upon the vultures, put a piece of meat upon their heads so that he would not miss the way— this was a remedy—and they ascended straight before them. When he reached the clouds an eagle saw the meat above his head. Nimrod pierced the eagle above his head [with an arrow]. He then collected the arrows, descended to Abraham and said to him: “Behold the blood of God, I killed Him.”^[178] This corrupt account is to be traced back to an Arabic source as related in Ṭabari, Chronique, 1, 148-150, and in al-Kisāʾi, Vita propetarum, 1, 140-141. It is summed up in Weil, Biblical Legends, pp. 76-77, as follows: “Nimrod resolved to build a lofty tower, wherewith, if possible, to scale the heavens. and to search therein for the God of Abraham. The tower rose to a height of five thousand cubits; but as heaven was still far off, and the workmen were unable to proceed with the building, Nimrod caught two eagles and kept them upon the tower several days, and when they were ravenous with hunger, he fastened to their feet a light, closed palanquin, with one window above and another below, and seated himself in it with one of his huntsmen. The latter took a long spear, to which a bit of ﬂesh was attached, and thrust it through the upper window, so that the famished eagles ﬂew instantly upward bearing the palanquin aloft. When they had ﬂown toward heaven for a whole day Nimrod heard a voice which cried to him: ‘Godless man, whither goest thou?’ Nimrod seized his huntsman’s bow, and discharged an arrow, which forthwith fell back through the window stained with blood, and this reprobate man believed that he had wounded the God of Abraham.” Abraham said: “My God dies not. It is He who causes to die.”^[179] To be read yāqěttěl instead of ʾěqětěl. Nimrod said: “Will a rebellious son come from the seed of Terah?” They said: “We heard it.”
וַֽיִּשְׁלַ֣ח נִמְרֹ֗ד אֶ֤לֶף גָּמַל֙ אֶל־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לְבַקֵּ֣עַ עֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לַחְפֹּ֤ר בּוֹר֙ עֲלֵי־תֵּ֔ל וּלְהַשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־הָעֵצִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיִּפְרֹ֨ס אֶת־כׇּל־מַשָּׂא֤וֹת הַגְּמַלִּים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַֽיַּדְלִיקֵ֖הוּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ ה֣וֹי אַבְרָהָ֗ם נִשְׁתַּ֤חֲוֶה־נָא֙ לַפֶּ֣סֶל הַזֶּ֔ה וְאוּלַ֖י לֹא־תִּרְצֶ֑ה וַֽיִּקְשֶׁ֥ה אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַֽיְמָאֵֽן׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֤ר נִמְרֹד֙ אֵלָ֔יו הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ אַשְׁלִיכְךָ֖ תַּנּ֑וּרָה וּבְעַרְתִּ֖יךָ בַּלֶּהָבֽוֹת׃ וְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לֹ֤א שׁוֹמֵעַ֙ וְלֹ֣א מְשַׁנֶּ֣ה אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲו֖וֹת לַפָּ֑סֶל וַֽיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֖הוּ הָאֵֽשָׁה׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־גַּ֣בְרִיאֵ֑ל לֵ֚ךְ רֵ֔ד וְהַכֵּ֥ה בְּלַהֲב֖וֹת הָאֵֽשׁ׃ וַֽיִּתְמַיֵּ֑ם וַֽיְכַבּ֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם אֶת־אֵ֥שׁ הַתַּנּֽוּר׃ וּמִיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ וְעַד־הַיּ֔וֹם נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ כְּשָׂדֵיּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא אֲשֶֽׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃	Nimrod sent a thousand camels into the field to cleave trees, had a pit [?] dug on a hill [?], and the trees thrown upon it, and spread everything that the thousand [camels] carried and set it on fire. He said: “O Abraham, let us worship this idol, or perhaps thou dost not want to?” Abraham was obstinate and refused. Nimrod said to him: “I shall surely cast [thee] into the oven and burn thee in the ﬂames.” Abraham heeded it not and would not change his mind and worship the idol. He threw him^[180] The text has “them.” into the ﬂames.^[181] Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 14; Legends, 1, 216. For references in Jewish writings alluding to Abraham’s having been cast into the fiery furnace see Jubilees, note p. 91: “The idea that Abraham was cast into a fiery furnace arose from a literal interpretation of Gen. 15:7: ‘I am the Lord that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees,’ where Ur was taken to mean ‘fire.'” The notion that the wood for the fire was carried by various animals—camels, mules, and donkeys—is mentioned in the Arabic legends (D. Sidersky, Les origins des legends musulmanes dans les Coran, p. 32). God said to [Gabriel]:^[182] According to some of the legends it was Gabriel who saved Abraham, according to others it was Michael; still others believe that God himself saved Abraham (Legends, 5, 212, n. 33; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 16). “Go down and hit the ﬂames of fire.” And he became water^[183] The word tamayta is not found in the dictionaries. It is perhaps a denominative of may, “water,” and means “[the fire] became water.” that quenched the fire [?] of the oven. From that day until today it is called Kalādēwon.^[184] This refers to ʾur kasdim of Gen. 15 7, interpreted as “the furnace of the Kasdim = Chaldees” (Halévy, Těʾězāza, note p. 152; Legends, 1, 299). (It recalls) what God had said to the children of Israel: “It is I who brought you forth^[185] The text has “who lets you come.” from Egypt.”
וַֽיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיּ֤וֹלֶד אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וַיּ֥וֹלֶד יִצְחָ֖ק אֶת־יַעְקֹֽב׃ וַֽיִּשְׁתּוּ֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ מִתּ֤וֹךְ הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙ אֶת־הַלֶּהָבָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר נֶהֶפְכָ֥ה לַמַּ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א הִתְיַבְּשָׁ֑ה וְלֹ֥א חָדְלָ֛ה מִן־הָעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃	He named him Abraham.^[186] Probably an allusion to Gen. 17:4 where the name of Abram was changed into Abraham. Abraham begat Isaac, and Isaac begat Jacob. The children of Israel, from among the Chaldeans, drank that ﬂame which became water and dried not up, nor ceased from then until now.^[187] The passage is obscure. See above. where the fire is quenched by the water.
וֵאלֹהִים֙ נִסָּ֣ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֔ם עַל־אוֹדֹ֥ת בְּנ֖וֹ יִצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אֶת־בִּנְךָ֤ יִצְחָק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהַ֔בְתָּ שְׁחָטֵ֥הוּ וְהַעֲלֵ֖הוּ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֤ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים֙ אֲהַלֵּ֔ל אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁר־גָּמַ֣ל עָלַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א לִ֑י וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ אֵלָֽיו׃	God tempted Abraham concerning his son Isaac and said to him: “Kill thy son Isaac whom thou lovest and offer him to me.” Abraham said to God: “I shall praise Him who restored^[188] The text has “restored me not.” to me what I had not, and I shall give Him [my son].”
וַֽיָּבֹ֥אוּ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וְיִצְחָ֑ק אֶל־הַמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַֽר־ל֖וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־בְּנ֗וֹ וַ֣יַּעֲקֹ֔ד אֶת־יָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־רָגְלָ֖יו לִשְׁחֹטֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֖ח יָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְאֽוּמָה׃ וַֽיַּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ ׀ אַ֔יִל נֶאֱחַ֣ז בַּסְּבַ֑ךְ וַֽיַּעֲלֵ֧הוּ אַבְרָהָ֛ם לְעוֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ וְגָד֣וֹל ׀ ה֣וּא ׀ שׁוֹפָ֪ר הָ֠אַ֟יִל֩ וּב֣וֹ ׀ יִתָּקַ֣ע ׀ מִפִּ֣י אֵלִיָּ֡הוּ עַ֣ל הַ֣ר צִ֠יּוֹן וְהִנֵּ֨ה תִּשָּׁמַ֤ע תְּקִיעָתוֹ֙ עַד־קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ מִמִּ֥זְרַח שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ עַד־מְבוֹא֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֨ה ק֤וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר֙ יִ֣שָּׁמַ֔ע בַּיּ֖וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃	Abraham and Isaac went to the place of which God had told him. Abraham took his son and bound him hand and foot to slay him. God said to Abraham: “Lay not thy hand [upon thy son], neither do anything unto him.”^[189] The text is obscure. God showed him a ram caught in a thicket, and Abraham sacrificed it in the place of Isaac.^[190] Gen. 22. The horn of the ram was big. Elijah will blow it on the Mount of Zion, and its blast will be heard unto the ends of the earth from the setting of the sun to its rising, and the sound of the horn^[191] The word sěfur of the text is the Hebrew šofar. will be heard on the Last Day.^[192] All the parts of the carcass of the ram were put to use—the ashes, the sinew, the skin, and the horns (Legends, 1, 283).
א֚וֹי אָדָ֣ם הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן מַ֖הוּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃ אָכֵ֧ן הוֹלִיכֵ֛נוּ לַמָּ֥וֶת וּלְגֵיהִנּ֖וֹם וּלְשַׁ֑חַת וַֽיִּגְרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מֵחַיִּֽים׃ וַֽיּוֹלִיכֵ֛נוּ כֹּשְׁלִ֥ים גֵּיְּהִנּ֖וֹמָה וּמְצוּלוֹתָ֑יו כִּ֨י עָבַ֤ר אֶת־הַמִּצְוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נָתַ֛ן יֶהִוַ֥הֵ ל֖וֹ פֶּן־יַ֥עֲבֹרֵֽם׃ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ לִפְקֻ֣דָּתָ֔יו לִמְנֹ֛עַ מֵאֱכֹ֥ל וּמִשְּׁת֖וֹת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם וְלָכֵ֗ן הֵבִיא֙ גֵּ֣יהִנּ֔וֹם וְאִ֧שָּׁיו לֹא־יְכַבּ֛וּ וְתֹלְעוֹתָ֖יו לֹ֥א תִּשָּׁנֶֽה׃	O Adam, first (of mankind), what hast thou done? Thou^[193] Everywhere in this section the text has “he” instead of “thou.” hast guided us to death, Hell, and destruction and hast driven us away from life. Thou hast guided us to Hell, stumbling, and to precipices, for thou hast transgressed the commandments, precepts, and laws that God gave thee in order that thou shouldst not transgress. Thou hast disobeyed His orders not to eat and not to drink certain things and thus hast brought about Hell, the fire of which shall not be quenched and whose worm shall not sleep.
מֵחַטָּאָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת גֹּרַ֥שׁ אָדָ֖ם מִגַּ֣ן הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה וּמֹשֶׁ֤ה הַצַּדִּיק֙ הֵשִׁיבָ֔נוּ גַּן־הָעֲדָנִ֖ים גַּן־עֵֽדֶם׃ וְעִמּוֹ֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הַצַּדִּיקִ֔ים וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֕ים אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְאֵלִיָּ֖הוּ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וְהַמְּלָכִ֕ים דָּוִ֥ד וִיחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ וְיֹאשִׁיָּֽהוּ׃ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שׁ֤וּבוּ אֶל־יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֹּרָאֲכֶ֔ם בָּרִאשׁוֹנָ֖ה וּבַשְּׁנִיָּ֑ה מִמּ֥וֹלַדְתֵּיכֶ֖ם וְעַד־מוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ עִזְבוּ֙ מִכׇּל־אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְשִׁמְּר֖וּ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֣סֶד וּצְדָקָ֔ה וְה֥וּא נוֹשֵׂ֖א פֶּ֥שַׁע וְחַטָּאָֽה׃ וְאַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ הַ֣נְּבִיאִ֔ים אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֑ע וְחַגַּ֖י וּזְכַרְיָ֥ה הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ וַֽיַּסְתִּיר֖וּם עֲנָ֥נִי־אֵ֑ל תָּמִ֕יד בְּעֵ֥ת יְצִיאַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃	Because of one sin, Adam went out of the garden of joy, but the just Moses put us back into the garden of delight, the Garden of Edom.^[194] Perhaps this reﬂects the notion that Moses supposedly entered Paradise alive (Legends, 5, 96). With him were the just prophets, the priests Aaron, Elijah, Samuel, and the kings David, Hezekiah, and Josiah, saying: “Come back to God who created you the first and the second time, from your birth until your death. Abandon all others and save your souls because God, your Lord, is merciful, long-suffering, abundant in grace and just. He forgives sins and faults.” And after them, the prophets Elijah, Elisha, Haggai, and the priest Zechariah [will come]. The clouds of God always overshadowed them as at the time when the children of Israel went out [of Egypt].^[195] Here follows an obscure passage of several lines. It speaks about someone‘s blood having been spilled and boiled.
12. וַיְהִי֩ כִּ֨י עָשָׂ֤ה אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֣סֵּכָ֔ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתְנ֤וּ־לָהֶם֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב בְּמָק֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד יִהְיֽוּ׃ וְהֻבְדְּל֞וּ מִכׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לֹא־נָתְנ֣וּ ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱמִ֤ינוּ בֶּיהִוַ֙הֵ֙ וְהִתְפַּלְּל֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְעָ֥בְדוּ ל֖וֹ בִּלְבָבָ֑ם וְהֻבְדְּל֖וּ בְּחַיֵּיהֶֽם׃	12. When Aaron made the molten (calf),^[196] Exod. 32. God said to Moses: “They who gave him^[197] The text has “them.” gold and silver [to make the statue] shall be in one place, separated from those who gave not gold or silver, who believed in God, worshiped Him, and served Him in their hearts. They shall be separated in their lives.”
וַֽיִּחַ֥ר אַף־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בִּ֚י אֲדֹנִ֔י כִּי֩ אָמְר֨וּ הָעָ֤ם לִי֙ עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים וְנִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֤ה לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ וְנַעֲבוֹדָ֔ם כִּ֣י ׀ מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ וָאִירָ֖א וְאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם הֵבִ֛יאוּ כֶּ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב וּתְנ֥וּ אֵלִֽי׃ וָאֶתְּנֵ֣ם לַצּוֹרֵ֔ף וַיֵּ֥צֶר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ תְּמוּנַ֣ת מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַֽיִּשְׂמְח֤וּ הָעָם֙ וַֽיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַֽיִּצְחֲק֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ דְּבָרִ֥ים סְכָלִֽים׃ וַיִּקַּ֧ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַפֶּ֖סֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר־עָשׂ֑וּ וַֽיְשַׁבֵּ֤ר אוֹתוֹ֙ וַיִּטְחַן֙ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֔ק וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֚א כׇּל־אִ֔ישׁ הוּא־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לִ֖י כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב אַ֚ךְ הַשְׁקֵה־נָ֔א רַ֛ק לַאֲשֶֽׁר־נָתְנ֖וּ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּה֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה א֔וֹת מִפִּ֥י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א הָ֑יוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיִּ֣תְעַמֵּ֗ד בֵּ֚ין אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנ֔וּ וּבֵ֖ין אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־נָתָ֑נוּ וַֽיִּבְלְע֖וּ אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־נָתְנוּ֙ הִ֣תְנַגְּד֔וּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתְנ֖וּ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וַֽיַּצִּ֣ילוּ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹ֨א הָיָ֤ה זָהָב֙ בְּפִיהֶ֔ם וַיִּהְי֖וּ חֵ֥לֶק יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֮ זָהָב֒ מַשְׂטִינֵ֤י יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ הָי֔וּ וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ בָּעֹנֶ֔שׁ וּמִ֣סְפָּרָ֔ם שֶׁ֥בַע מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים־אָ֑לֶף וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־נָ֥תְנוּ כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א מֵֽתוּ׃ מֵהֶ֤ם יָצְאוּ֙ זֵדִ֣ים וְגֵאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֑ינוּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ לְדִבְרֵ֥י מֹשֶֽׁה׃ וַֽיִּפָּרְדוּ֙ מִמַּחֲנֶ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כׇּל־אִ֥ישׁ מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ וּמֵאֶחָ֑יו וַֽיְּפָרֵד֙ אִ֣ישׁ וַחֲבֵרָ֔יו מִשְּׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ וּמִסְפָּרָ֕ם תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְאַלְפַּ֖יִם וְעֶ֣שֶׂר רְבָב֑וֹת וַֽיָּבֹ֤אוּ עַד־שְׂדֵה֙ עִ֣יר הַיְּבוּסִ֔י נֶ֥גֶד הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וִיבֽוּס׃ וַיַּ֣חֲנוּ שַׁ֔מָּה וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהֵ֥ם רְחוֹקִ֖ים מֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהִֽים׃	The anger of Moses was kindled against Aaron, and Aaron said to Moses: “My master, the people said to me: ‘Make us gods to whom we may prostrate ourselves and whom we may worship, since we know not^[198] ʾana ʾaʾamměr should be corrected to read ʾinaʾamměr. what has become of Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt.’ I was afraid and said to them: ‘Bring gold and silver and give it to me.’ I gave it to the Silversmith who made of it a molten idol. The people were glad, they ate, enjoyed themselves, and did foolish things.” Moses took the molten idol which they had made, broke it, ground it to powder, and gave it to the children of Israel to drink.^[199] The powder was mixed with their drinking water (Koran 2:87). According to Jewish legends Moses threw the powder upon the waters and said, “All that have committed idolatry shall be yours” But the waters were not to be appeased by having the sinners cast into them, and the ocean would not retreat to its bed until Moses made the children of Israel drink of it (Legends, 3, 129-130). Aaron said to Moses: “Not all of them gave me gold and silver, give drink only to those who gave to me.” Moses said to him: “I shall make a sign from the mouths of those who [gave and those who gave] not,” and he gave drink to all Israel.^[200] The water caused the idolators great pain and they called upon Moses for help. Then Moses told them to slay one another. He placed himself between those who gave and those who gave not, and they swallowed the gold. Those who gave not [then destroyed?] those who gave gold and silver, and those who had not gold in their mouths were safe, and they became the portion of God. Those who gave gold were the adversaries of God, and they died in punishment to the number of twenty thousand and seven hundred.^[201] According to Exod 32:27 three thousand were killed. Those who gave [not] gold died not. [Later on] some of them were proud and haughty, believed not, and were disobedient to Moses. They separated themselves from the camp of Israel, each one from his family and from his brothers; each one with his companions separated himself from the twelve children of Jacob. They numbered one hundred two thousand and ninety and arrived at the plain of ʾIyārēwos^[202] Probably reflects the Hebrew ʿir hayyěḇusi. toward the Jordan and Jebus. They encamped there and still abide there until today and are alienated from God, the Lord.
וּבַמֵּתִים֙ צַדִּיקִ֣ים הָ֔יוּ וֶהֱ֥יוּ אַנְשֵׁי־שֵׁ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ יֵ֚שׁ מֵהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ וְלֹ֣א זָנ֑וּ וְלֹ֨א רָצ֤וּ לָתֵת֙ זָ֣הָב וָכֶ֔סֶף וְלֹ֣א זָנ֔וּ מֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הַה֔וּא הָ֥יוּ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לִמֻּדֵ֣י רָעָ֑ה לַעֲבֹד֙ אֱלִ֣ילֵי זָ֔ר וּלְנָאֲצֵ֛נִי וְלַעֲזֹ֥ב אֶת־חֻקַּ֖י וּבָרִיתִֽי׃ אַ֚ךְ יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־הַשָּׁ֑ב הַנְּדִיבִ֥ים וְהַתָּמִ֖ים וְהָעֲנָוִ֥ים וְהַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃	And those who died were saints, and they shall be men of renown on the last day?^[203] The passage is not clear; it refers perhaps to those not included in the two groups mentioned before. Many of them worshiped not [the golden calf], fornicated not, and desired not to give gold and silver. They went not awhoring away from God, the Lord. Ever since that day people became accustomed to do evil, to worship foreign gods, to offend me, and to abandon my law and my covenant. But God loves him who repents: the generous, the gentle, the humble, and the just.
13. וַ֠יְהִ֠י כִּ֨י קָמָ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִכִּסְּאָ֔הּ בַּבֹּ֖קֶר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַָיֵּלְכ֣וּ ׀ אַחַרֵ֣י שַׁבָּֽת־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ מַלְאָכִ֨ים שֵׁ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וַתִּשְׁבַּ֥ח הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת אֶת־הַבּוֹרֵֽא׃ וַֽיִּשְׁבְּח֤וּ מַלְאָכִים֙ כְּשָׁל֣וֹשׁ מֵאָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע אֶ֖לֶף אֶת־הַשַּׁ֑בָּת וְהִנֵּה֩ שֵׁ֨שׁ מֵא֤וֹת וּשְׁמֽוֹנִים־אֶ֙לֶף֙ מִיְּמִ֔ינָהּ וּשְׁמוֹנָ֧ה מֵא֛וֹת וּשְׁמוֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף מִשְּׂמֹאלָֽהּ׃ וַֽיְדַבֵּ֨ר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ עִם־הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וַֽיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לֶאֱכֹ֖ל מִפְּרִ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלִשְׁתֹּ֣ת וְלָנ֔וּחַ וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹ֥ת וּלְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל וּלְחָנֵֽן׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נְתַתִּ֑יךְ הֵ֖מָּה יֵרְד֥וּ עַמֵּֽךְ׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א יְשַׁבְּחוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ וְלֹ֛א יִקְרְא֥וּ בְּשֵׁם־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּשַׁבַּתִּ֑י וְעָבְר֨וּ אֶת־חֻקַּ֤י וּמִצְוֹתַי֙ עִם־הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים הֵ֖מָּה יְזֻוָּֽגוּ׃	13. When the Sabbath rose from her seat on Friday morning six hundred and forty thousand angels followed the Sabbath of God,^[204] The passage is slightly corrupt. and the Sabbath worshiped the Creator.^[205] Some dittographical words follow. About four thousand and three hundred praised the Sabbath; six hundred and eighty thousand were to her right, eight hundred and eighty thousand to her left. God conversed with the Sabbath. He gave the Sabbath [to Israel] to eat the fruits of the earth, to drink, to rest, to worship, to pray, and to show mercy. God said: “They to whom I gave thee^[206] See below, p. 36. The view that the Sabbath was “given” by God “to Israel” is common in rabbinical literature; cf. Tos. Běraḵot, 3, 7; B. Šabbaṯ, 10b. That the Sabbath was given to Israel “to eat the fruits of the earth” is based upon Isa. 58:13. shall descend with thee. They who praise not, are not submissive, invoke not God on my Sabbath, and transgress my laws and commandments shall be coupled with the wicked.”
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֡הֵ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מַכְבְּדֵךְ֮ הֵ֣מָּה כְּכִבְּד֒וּנִי֒ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר מְחַלְּלֵ֜ךְ הֵ֣מָּה כְּחִלְּל֗וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עוֹבְדֵךְ֙ הֵ֣מָּה כַּעֲבָד֔וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מְקַבְּלֵ֖ךְ הֵ֣מָּה כְּקִבְּל֑וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עוֹשֵׂ֤י יוֹם־הַשַּׁבָּת֙ עֹ֔נֶג הֵ֧מָּה בְּעֵינַ֛י כִּנְדִיבֵ֥י נְדָב֖וֹת אֵלַֽי׃ אָ֚ז נָתַ֔תִּי אֶת־כׇּל־סִפְרֵ֖י תּוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶֽׁה׃ אֲנִ֤י יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ כָּתַ֣בְתִּי בְּיָדַ֔י וּבְאֶצְבְּעוֹתַ֖י הַקְּדוֹשׁ֑וֹת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לוּח֥וֹת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר סִינַֽי׃ וְהֵ֥מָּה נִכְתָּבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִֽים׃	And God said: “They who honor thee are as if they honored me, who dismiss thee are as if they dismissed me, who serve thee are as if they served me, who receive thee as if they received me, who make of the Sabbath a day of delight are considered as if they had made a loan to me.^[207] He who honors the Sabbath is like him who honors me on the throne of my glory,” says God (Targum Yěrušalmi 2; Exodus 20:2) Then I gave all the books of the law to Moses. I, God, wrote with my hands and my holy fingers the two tables of stone on Mount Sinai.” They are written by the fingers of God.^[208] The two tables were created by God’s own hand; the writing and the pencils were of heavenly origin (Legends, 3, 119).
וַתֹּ֥אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מִמְּךָ֛ יָבֹ֖אוּ הַמִּצְוֹ֥ת וְהַחֻקִּֽים׃ אֲדוֹן֙ הָעִזּ֔וּז הַצַּדִּיקִ֖ים יְהַלְל֥וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא יֶהִוַהֵ֙ חֶ֣סֶד הַתָּמִ֔ים שִׁמְךָ֖ ט֥וֹב מְאֹֽד׃ אַתָּה֙ גְּדֻלַּ֣ת הָעֲנָוִ֔ים אַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃ חַסְדְּךָ֥ וְהוֹדְךָ֖ וְרַחֲמֶ֥יךָ עִמֶּֽךָ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יֵרְד֥וּ אִתֵּֽךְ׃ וַתֹּ֤אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הַ֣אֲזֵן־בִּ֔י רַ֖ק דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ כֵּ֥ן אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵ֥עַ בָּֽךְ׃ כֹּ֚ל מַשְׂמִיחַ֣יִךְ וּמְכַבְּדַ֔יִךְ חַטָּאוֹתָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִזָּכֵֽרוּ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֶּ֤ן צְדָקָה֙ בְּשַׁבָּ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְקַבְּלֵ֔ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הִתְרַחֲצוּת֖וֹ בַּמַּ֑יִם אֶתֵּ֥ן לָ֖ךְ לָשֵׂאת֥וֹ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ לַאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִתֶּ֥ן צְדָקָ֖ה בְּשַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ אֶתֵּן֙ ל֔וֹ תֵּשַׁ֧ע וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים הַמַּתָּנ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתַתִּֽיךְ׃	The Sabbath said to God: “From Thee come the commandments and the law. [Thou art] the Lord of strength. The just praise Thy name. Thou, O Lord, art the grace of the gentle, Thy name is very good, Thou art the greatness of the humble, Thou art the God of the just. Thy lovingkindness, grandeur, and mercies are with Thee.” God said: “May [the angels] descend with thee.” The Sabbath said to God: “Hearken to me, [listen to] only one word.” God said to his Sabbath: “Yes, I listen to thee. He who celebrates thee^[209] The word samʿanni is superﬂuous. and honors thee more than the other days, will not have his sins remembered.^[210] ”Whoever observes the Sabbath properly, even though he be an idol-worshiper as of the generation of Enosh, is forgiven” (B. Šabbaṯ, 118b). He who gives alms on the Sabbath, who receives thee after being washed in water,^[211] This is part of the preparation for the celebration of the Sabbath. I permit thee to take him from me. To him who gives alms on the Sabbath of God, I shall give the forty-nine gifts I gave to thee.”^[212] The passage is obscure. The number “forty-nine” occurs in connection with Moses who was in charge of the forty-nine gates of wisdom (Legends; 3, 141); Enoch had a crown of forty-nine jewels (ibid., 1, 139); the Torah is interpreted in forty-nine ways (ibid., 2, 325).
וַֽתֵּצֵ֥א הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים מְשָׁרְתָ֑יו לְכ֖וּ רְד֥וּ עִמָּֽהּ׃ וַ֙יִּשְׁלָחֵ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אַחֲרֶ֑יהָ וּמִסְפָּרָ֗ם מָאתַ֨יִם וְאַרְבָּעִ֤ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁל֣וֹשׁ מֵא֔וֹת וַֽיְבִיא֖וּהָ אָֽרְצָה׃ וַֽיַּגִּ֥ידוּ לֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אָדָ֑ם בַּיּ֨וֹם הַנִּקְרָ֤א לְאָדָם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיִּגְמֹ֤ל יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ לַכֹּ֔ל כְּמִ֣פְעֲלֵ֔יהֶם וּכְצִדְקָתָ֖ם וּכְתֻשְׁבַּחְתָּ֑ם וַֽיִּוָּדַ֥ע יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֥ים אֶת־חֶלְקָֽם׃	The Sabbath left the camp of God. God said to the angels, his servants: “Go, descend with her.” He sent them,^[213] The form is corrupt. and the angels followed, numbering two hundred forty thousand and three hundred. They brought^[214] The form is corrupt. her to earth. They reported the deeds of men to God on the day which was known to men as the Sabbath and they brought them before God.^[215] The sentence is obscure. God rewarded them according to their deeds, their alms, and their praises. God let the angels know their parts.
וַיַּ֥רְא יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר לֹ֨א תִּבְלֶ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם וּפִרְיוֹתָהּ֙ לֹ֣א יִגְוָ֔עוּ שַׁבְּח֖וּנִי כׇּל־עַמִּֽים׃	God saw (all this) and said: “The (Sabbath) shall never be worn out, the fruit of the Sabbath shall not perish. Praise me, all people.”
אֵין־דָּבָ֥ר יִמָּכֵ֖ר בְּשַׁבָּֽת׃ נִשְׁמֹ֛ר אֶת־הַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית כְּשַׁבָּֽת׃ מַשָּׂא֗וֹת בֵּין־אִ֤ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א תְּשֻׁלַּ֔מְנָה בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא וְלֹ֥א כְּחַטָּאָ֖ה הִֽיא׃	Nothing should be traded on the Sabbath.^[216] Neh. 10:32; Am. 8:5; Jer. 17:21-22. Let us celebrate the seventh year as the Sabbath. The debts of one to the other shall not be repaid in that year and it shall not be considered as sin.^[217] Deut. 15:1 EL; see also, “Sabbatical Year and Jubilee.” JE, 10, 605-608. Several words of this sentence are obscure. Concerning the sabbatical year the [Beta Israel] say, “Nous n’observons pas le repos de la septième année parce que nous n’avons pas de patrimoine” (d’Abbadie, “Réponses des Falasha,” Univers Israélite, 6 [1851], 482-483).
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה מְלֶאכֶ֣ת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְהַלֶּ֛חֶם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנָּתְנ֖וּ לֶיהִוַֽהֵ׃ לֹ֨א יִמָּנַ֧ע מֶ֛לַח מֵעַ֥ל קׇרְבָּ֖ן שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וּ֖צְדָקָֽה׃ נָ֥אוָה הִיא֙ שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לְקׇרְבְּנ֖וֹת רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֑וֹחַ וּצְדָקָ֖ה לֹ֥א תִּשָּׁכַֽח׃ לֹ֨א תָּב֤וֹאוּ רֵיקָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַחֹ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־הַ֣מַּעֲשֵׂ֔ר בִּשְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת חַגֵּ֥י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ וַֽיָּבִ֨יאוּ בְּנֵי־לֵוִ֤י מִסַּת֙ נְדָבָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽתִּסָּלַ֙חְנָה֙ חַטֹּא֣ות יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶֽׁה׃	Do on Friday the work for your house, as well as for the bread which is to be offered to God.^[218] See above, p. xxxiii. Salt shall not be omitted in the sacrifice of the Sabbath of God,^[219] Lev. 2:13; Jubilees 21:11; Test. Levi 9:14; Mark 9:49, 50. See also Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 2, 31-32. nor shall the alms [be omitted]. The Sabbath of God is made for offerings of a sweet savor and alms should not be forgotten. Come not empty to God on the Sabbath and on the day of the New Moon;^[220] See here, pp. 20, 36. (bring) the tithe at the three festivals of the year (?).^[221] Corrupt—perhaps in lieu of “the tenth day of the first month,” for which see Exod. 12:2-3. Note that the tenth of each month is considered a festival by the [Beta Israel] (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 66, and Introduction, p. xxx). The children of Levi shall bring tribute to God so that the sins of Israel shall be forgiven, as it is written in the Law of Moses.
וַתֵּ֨רֶד הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אַ֨רְצָה בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי֙ בִּשְׁעַ֣ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֔ית עַד־י֥וֹם רִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּצֵ֣את הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וַֽתֵּ֤רֶא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־פְּעֻלּ֣וֹת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וּמִצְוֹתָ֖ו וְתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הַצַּדִּיקִ֗ים וּתְפִלּוֹתֵיהֶ֨ם וְצִדְקוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם וּבִרְכוֹתֵיהֶם֙ וְתֻשְׁבְּח֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם יֵרָ֥אוּ לְפָנֶ֖יהָ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וְהַמּוֹרְדִ֣ים וְהָרְשָׁעִ֔ים רוֹעֲדִ֖ים עַל־חַטֹּאותָֽם׃	The Sabbath descended from Heaven to the earth on Friday at the ninth hour (and remained) until Sunday at the rising of the sun so that the earth might see the deeds of the Sabbath, its commandments, and its laws. The justice of the just, their praises, alms, blessings, and adoration are presented to her on Sunday,^[222] This too probably reﬂects the Christian belief that sinners have respite on Sunday (see n. 87). while the rebellious and the wicked tremble because of their sins.
וַתֹּ֖אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת לְמִ֤יכָאֵל֙ וְגַ֣בְרִיאֵ֔ל וִירַ֣חְמִיאֵ֔ל וְא֥וּרִיאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹֽר׃ הֵבִ֥יאוּ־לִי֙ אֶת־כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לִ֔י וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מַאֲמִינִ֖ים בִּ֑י וַאֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֥א מַזְנִיחֵ֛נִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שׁוֹמְרֵ֖נִי וּמְקַבְּלֵֽנִי׃ וַיָּ֨רׇץ מִיכָאֵ֤ל עִם־צִבְאוֹתָיו֙ וַיֵּ֔רֶד וַיֶּאֱחֹ֛ז בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־הָ֖יוּ לַשַּׁבָּ֑ת כְּאָ֥מְרָה־ל֖וֹ הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֗וּ צִבְאוֹת֙ מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל עִם־צִבְא֖וֹת בֶּ֣רְנַאֵ֑ל וַיׇּאֳחֲזוּ֙ בְּצִ֣פׇּרְנֵיהֶ֔ם בַּצְּבוּעִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה צְבָ֥א גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֥וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁא֣וֹלָה תַּחְתִּיּ֑וֹת וַֽיַּכֵּ֖ם בְּלֶחָיֵיהֶֽם׃ וַֽיְנַצְּח֖וּ עַל־צִבְא֣וֹת בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּכְנִיע֖וּם כְּמִפְעֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ וַיַּ֨עַל מִיכָאֵ֤ל הַשְׁבָּ֙תָה֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ לֵאמֹ֕ר צְרָר֖וּנִי רֹכְבֵ֥י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ עָלַֽי׃	The Sabbath said to Michael, Gabriel, Rumāʾēl,^[223] He is probably identical with Remiel and Ramiel of I Enoch 20:8; II Baruch 55:3; and other apocryphal writings. Box identifies that figure with Jeremiel, Hebrew Yěraḥměʾel (1V Ezra 4:33) and Uriel:^[224] Uriel is interpreted as “the fire of God” or “the light of God” (L. Blau, “Uriel,” JE, 12, 383). “Bring to me all those who are mine, who believe in me, who neglect me not, who observe me and accept me.” Michael ran with his hosts, descended, and seized all those who belonged to the Sabbath, as the Sabbath told him. The hosts of Michael fought with the hosts of Běrnāʾēl, and with their nails they took these hypocrites, the host of Hell, by the throat. They drove them to the bottom of Sheol and slapped them^[225] For yěṣaʿewomu read yěṣafʿewomu. on the cheeks. They overpowered the hosts of Běrnāʾēl and subjugated them according to their deeds. Michael ascended to the Sabbath and said to her: “The riders of Hell assailed me and took me by force.”^[226] The fight of Michael against Běrnāʾēl is also mentioned in the beginning of our text (see p. 12). The punishment of the fallen angels is developed. with many details, in l Enoch. An allusion to the fight of the good angels against the fallen angels is to be found in I Enoch 100:4. In I Enoch 54:6 the angels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Fānuʾēl cast the hosts of Azazel into the fiery furnace.
וַתֹּ֨אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת לִפְנַ֣י יֶהִוַ֗הֵ אֲדֹנָ֤י בּוֹרְאַי֙ הַשְׁלִטֵ֤נִי־נָא֙ עַל־א֣וֹהֲבַ֔י וְעַל־כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־לִ֑י וְאַל־תִּמְנַ֥ע מִמֶּ֖נִּי עֵת־עֲבָדַֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֣ת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה אֶתֵּן־לָךְ֙ אֶת־כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔ךְ כְּבִקַּ֧שְׁתְּ מִמֶּ֛נִּי וְאֵת־כׇּל־שֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֹ֖ת הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ כׇּל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵּבֵ֖ל וְלֹא־שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַמִּצְוֹ֑ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יִ֥גְעֹר־בָּֽם׃ אַ֕ךְ לְמַ֥עַן יִרְאֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לְפָנָ֔יו לְמַ֙עַן֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם בַּיּ֖וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ וְלִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ תֹּאמַ֑ר בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָעִ֔יד לִירֵאַ֖י וּלְיוֹדְעַֽי׃ אַ֕ךְ לְמַזְנִיחַ֖י וּלְלֹא־יוֹדְעֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ יֹ֥אחֲזוּ־בָּם֙ צִבְא֣וֹת בֶּרְנַאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּשְׁלִיכ֥וּ אֶת־הַחֹטִ֖אים גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃	The Sabbath said to God: “O Lord, my Creator, give me power over those who love me, and over those who are mine, and withhold not my servants from me.” God said to the Sabbath: “I shall give thee all those who are thine, as thou hast asked me, and those who observe the commandments of the Sabbath.” Those who live upon the earth, and observe not the commandments, will be rebuked by God. And for those who fear God, the Sabbath will stand before Him (and defend) the children of Adam on the last day. And she will say to God: “On that day I shall be witness for those who fear me and know me. And as for those who disregard me and know not God, the hosts of Běrnāʾēl will seize them and will throw the sinners into Hell.”
14. וֶיהִוַ֞הֵ נָתַ֤ן אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּצֵ֥את יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ וְהַשַּׁבָּ֛ת עַם־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ הָיְתָ֣ה בִּמְע֑וֹנוֹ מִכׇּל־הָעוֹלָֽם׃ וְלֹ֥א־יָצְאָה֙ מִפִּי־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בִּמְרַחֶ֛פֶת ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ לֹ֥א גְּלוּיָ֖ה הִ֣יא הָיְתָ֑ה וְע֥וֹד לֹ֖א מוּכָֽנֶת׃ וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֖ין הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֥רָא לָֽיְלָה׃ וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וַֽיִּקָּחֵ֣ם בְּיָדָיו֮ וַ֣יִּפַּח־בָּם֒ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ׀ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֛שֶׂם בִּרְקִ֥יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֖יִם לְהָאִ֥יר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ וַיִּבְרָ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וַֽיִּקְרָ֣א בָּ֔הּ תֻּמָּ֥ה אוּרִיָּ֖ה וּבֹאַ֣י וּמֹאַ֑י וַֽיִּקְרָ֧א בַּיָּרֵ֛חַ א֖וֹר הַחֹשֶֽׁךְ׃ הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ מַבְדִּילָ֤ה בֵּינָהּ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ כׇּל־הַשָּׁנָ֖ה וּלְהַצְלָחָ֑ה לְמַ֨עַן יַצְלִ֤יחַ כׇּל־דָּבָר֙ הַפּוֹרֵ֔חַ וְהַצּוֹמֵ֖חַ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַיִּבְרָ֥א אוֹת֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרְבִיעִֽי׃ וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁ֣י בָּרָ֗א אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִ֥ים הַגְּדוֹלִ֖ים בִּתְהוֹמ֣וֹת הַמַּ֑יִם בְּרוּאֵ֤י הַבָּשָׂר֙ הָרִ֣אשׁוֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִבְרָ֥א בְּיָדָ֖יו הֵֽמָּה׃ וַֽיִּבְרָ֗א גַּ֚ם אֶת־כׇּל־חַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר רוֹמֵ֥שׂ בַּמַּ֖יִם וּבַמַּעֲיָנִ֑ים וְאֶת־כׇּל־ע֖וֹף לְמִינֽוֹ׃ וַתֵּ֤צֵא הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לְהָבִ֥יא הַצְלָחָ֖ה לְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֶת־כׇּל־צוֹמֵ֙חַ֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וְאֵת־כׇּל־עֵ֥ץ עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִ֖י וְאֶת־כׇּל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ וַיִּבְרָ֛א אֶת־שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הַמִּינִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בַּיּ֖וֹם הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַ֠שִּׁשִּׁ֠י בָּרָ֨א אֶת־כׇּל־חַיּ֤וֹת הָאָרֶץ֙ וְאֵ֣ת כׇּל־בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְאֵת־כׇּל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וְאַ֥חַר כָּךְ֙ בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הָאָדָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֖ה בָּרָ֣א אוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּשְׁלִיט֗וּם מֵעַל֙ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵעַ֤ל כׇּל־הַמַּרְבִּים֙ וּמֵעַ֣ל הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וּמֵעַ֤ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ רֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָרֶ֔ץ וּמֵעַ֖ל כׇּל־הָאָרֶֽץ׃ וַֽיַּ֣שְׁלִיט֔וּם מֵעַ֛ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּ֖רָא בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַיִּהְי֥וּ מִינִ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ וַיְכַל֩ בְּי֨וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֜י אֶת־כׇּל־מְלַאכְתּ֗וֹ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר־בַּשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְעַ֣ל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְיָמִ֣ים וּבַתְּהֹמ֔וֹת וּבָא֥וֹר וּבַחֹשֶׁ֖ךְ וּבַכֹּ֑ל וַיִּ֨תֵּן לָ֜נוּ א֤וֹת גְּדֹלָה֙ י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לָנ֖וּחַ מִכׇּל־עֲבוֹדָֽה׃ וּלְכׇל־מַלְאֲכֵ֤י הַפָּנִים֙ וּלְכׇל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ שְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּינִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה צִוָּה֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣ר אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃	14. God gave the Sabbath to Moses when Israel left Egypt.^[227] This probably refers to the laws of the Sabbath. And the Sabbath was with God in His residence from all eternity. She went not from the mouth of God when the spirit of God moved upon the face of waters. She was not visible and was not yet ready.^[228] See above, p. 21 and n. 128. Then God divided the light from the darkness, and He called the light day, and the darkness He called night.^[229] Gen. 1:1 ff.; Jubilees 2:1 ff. God separated the waters, took them in His hands, blew into them and made the Heaven of Heavens.^[230] The text has lakiʿo, “measuring,” and it repeats here “and of the water He made the Heaven with His hands.” [And He let the lights be] for seasons, for days, for years, and for signs and placed them in the firmament of the Heaven to give light upon the earth. And God made the [two] great lights, the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night, together with the stars. God created the sun and called it Tomās, ʾUryās, Bawāʾi and Mawāʾi^[231] These names are taken from I Enoch 78:1-2 where the names are Oryārês and Tomās for the sun; Asonyā, Eblā, Běnāsē, and Erāʾē for the moon. The name Bawāʾi is perhaps to be explained by the root boʾa, “to enter, set”; Mawāʾi might be an alliteration form of Bawāʾi. It is possible that the names of Bawāʾi and Mawāʾi refer to the moon and not to the sun. , and He called the moon “the light of darkness.”^[232] Fol. 120 of H (Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 39) belongs here. It (the sun) divides (the light) from the darkness all through the year and is also for prosperity, that all things may prosper which blossom and grow upon the earth. God created this on the fourth day. On the fifth day He created the great sea monsters in the depths of the waters; these were the first creatures of ﬂesh that were created by His hands. He also created every living creature that moves in the waters and in the wells and every winged fowl after its kind. And the sun rose above them to make everything that was upon the earth prosper; everything that shoots out of the earth and all the fruit-bearing trees and all ﬂesh. These three kinds He created on the fifth day.^[233] Jubilees 2:11-12. On the sixth day He created all the animals of the earth and all cattle and everything that moves on the earth. And after that He created mankind; man and woman created He and gave them dominion over all that is upon the earth and over everything that multiplies and over the beasts and over everything that moves on the earth and over the whole earth. He gave them dominion over all this that He created on the sixth day.^[234] Gen. 1: 28 ff. And there were twenty-two kinds.^[235] The author of our text does not enumerate the twenty-two kinds, but Jubilees 2:15, 23, does. For other works see ibid., p. 17, n. 23. After finishing all His work on the sixth day, all that is in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and in the abysses, in the light and in the darkness, and in everything, He gave us a great sign, the Sabbath day, for a rest from all work.^[236] Jubilees 2:16-17. And all the Angels of Presence,^[237] For the Angels of Presence see K. Kohler, “Angelology,” JE, 1, 586. and all the holy angels, these two kinds, He ordered to keep the Sabbath in Heaven and on earth.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הִנֵּ֕ה אַ֥בְדִּיל־עַ֖ם מִכׇּל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְהֵ֥מָּה יִשְׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וְקִדַּשְׁתִּ֨י אֶת־הָעָ֜ם וּבֵרַכְתִּ֗ים גַּ֤ם כְּקִדַּ֙שְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כֵּ֥ן אֲקַדְּשֵׁ֖ם וּבֵרַכְתִּ֑ים וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ הִנֵּ֤ה בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ בְּזֶ֣רַע יַעֲקֹ֔ב מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־רָאִיתִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֤ה כְּתַבְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ לְבֵ֣ן בָּחוּרִ֔י וַֽאֲקַדְּשֵׁ֥הוּ לִ֖י לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ הִנֵּ֨ה אֲלַמְּדֵ֜ם אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וְעָלָיו֙ יִשְׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת חׇפְשִׁ֖י מִכׇּל־מְלָאכָ֑ה כִּ֥י נְתַתִּ֖יהָ א֥וֹת לָהֶֽם׃ גַּ֚ם מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֔יִם יִשְׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְקַיֵּם֙ אֶת־מִצְוָת֔וֹ יַעֲלֶ֖ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיח֑וֹחַ וְקֻבַּ֥ל לְפָנָ֖יו עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃	And he said to them: “Behold, I shall separate (unto myself) a people from among the peoples^[238] I Kings 8:53. and they will keep the Sabbath day.^[239] The text goes back to fol. 45ro (Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 32). And I shall sanctify the people and bless them. As I have sanctified the Sabbath day, even so shall I sanctify them and bless them, and they will be my people and I shall be their God.^[240] Jubilees 2:19 I have chosen^[241] Read xarayku for ḥorku. the seed of Jacob from among all that I have seen,^[242] According to Jubilees 2:20. See also, Isa. 41:8, 44:1. and I have written him down as my first-born son,^[243] Exod. 4:22, Ps. 89:27. and have sanctified him unto myself for ever and ever. I shall teach them the Sabbath day^[244] The text has “Days and Sabbaths.” that they may keep the Sabbath thereon, free from all work.^[245] Jubilees 2:19 ff. For I gave it to them as a sign.^[246] Exod. 31:13. The angels of Heaven as well shall keep the Sabbath.^[247] Jubilees 2:18 He who accomplishes His command will raise a sweet savor that will be accepted before Him for all time.”^[248] Jubilees 2:21: “And He caused His commands to ascend as a sweet savour acceptable before Him al the days” (ibid., p. 17).
15. שְׁנֵ֨ים עָשָׂ֤ר רָֽאשֵׁי־עַם֙ הֵ֔מָּה מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַ֣ד מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֤יִם הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִינֵ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הָ֣עֲשׂוּיִ֔ים מִיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֹׁ֖ן עַד־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃	15. There are twelve heads of mankind from Adam to Moses,^[249] Jubilees 2:20: “There are twenty-two heads of mankind from Adam to Jacob.” On this whole problem see Jubilees, pp. 17-18, n. 23. and twenty-two kinds of work were made from the first day until the seventh day.
זֶ֚הוּ בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֔וֹשׁ וְגַ֥ם זֶ֖הוּ בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֑וֹשׁ וְזֶ֙הוּ֙ מְשָׁרֵ֣ת עִם־זֶ֔הוּ לִקְדֻשָּׁ֖ה וְלִבְרָכָֽה׃ וְהַשַּׁבָּ֣ת ׀ נְתוּנָ֣ה ל֔וֹ תָּמִ֛יד לִהְי֥וֹת י֖וֹם בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֑וֹשׁ מוֹעֵ֖ד וְחֹ֥ק הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ הֻקְדַּ֑שׁ וְגַ֥ם בֹּרַ֖ךְ בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃	This one is blessed and holy, and this one too^[250] That is, Jacob. Sabbath and Jacob are intimately related. Some midrashim call attention to the fact that the Bible speaks of the observance of Sabbath by Jacob but not by Abraham (Legends, 5, 313, n. 280) is blessed and holy. And this one serves with that one for sanctification and blessing. The Sabbath was granted to him to be always^[251] For baʿalu read bakwěllu. a blessed and a holy day, a testimony, and the first law. He was sanctified and blessed on the Sabbath.^[252] Jubilees 2:23-24.
בָּרָא֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וּמִקֵּ֗ץ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ וּתְשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁבוּע֔וֹת יִמְשֹׁ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּֽבְּרַא־מַ֑סְקַל וְהוּסְפ֛וּ אַרְבַּ֥ע תְּקֻפ֖וֹת בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃ וְאַחֲרָ֙יו֙ יִמְשְׁל֣וּ אֲחֵרִ֔ים מֵהֶם֙ טוֹבִ֣ים וְתָמִ֔ים וְהוֹלְכֵ֖י מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּמֵהֶ֗ם רָעִ֤ים וְזֵדִים֙ וּרְשָׁעִ֤ים וְעוֹשְׁקִים֙ וְגוֹזְלִ֔ים וְלֹא־יַעֲשׂ֣וּ מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וְגָזְלוּ֙ אֶת־רְכ֣וּשׁ אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַעֲשָׁק֧וּם חִנָּ֛ם וְקִלְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַיָּת֖וֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָֽה׃ וְלָכֵ֗ן יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אָד֣וֹן הַכֹּ֔ל יַסְתִּ֥יר אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו מֵהֶֽם׃	The first day He created Heaven and earth. After nine hundred and twelve weeks the king Gabra Masqal will govern;^[253] Gabra Masqal was the second son of Kāleb, the king of Ethiopia; he succeeded his brother Bēta Esrāʾēl probably about 550. He was a devout Christian and endowed the church of Aksum with many estates; Gabra Masqal is also mentioned in Baruch (p. 75). four cycles will be added at his time. Others will reign after him; some of them will be good and perfect, and will walk in justice; others will be bad, forward, unjust, oppressors, extortioners; they will not do justice and will steal the belongings of others, they will oppress them without cause, and they will insult the widow and orphan. Therefore God, the Lord of all, will hide Himself from them.
16. בַּיּ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁ֔י תָּבִ֥יאוּ זֶ֖בַח לֶיהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים כִּי־לֹ֥א הֻקְדְּשָׁ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּקוּמ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶל־מַלְאָכָ֔יו לַמָּ֥ה בָּ֖אתֶם אֵלַ֑י וַיֹּאמְר֛וּ מַלְאֲכֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ עִם־בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ כׇּל־אֶחָ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ הָלַ֣ךְ לְמַחֲנֵ֔הוּ וַֽיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּאׇהֳלֽוֹ׃ וַיַּחְשְׁב֧וּ בִּלְבָבָ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו בְּמִשְׁכְּנֹתָ֑ם וַיָּבוֹא֤וּ מִמׇּחֳרָת֙ אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֣ל וְגַבְרִיאֵ֔ל וִירַחְמְאֵ֥ל וּרְמִיאֵ֖ל וְאוּרִיאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽיִּתְפַּלְּלוּ֙ וַֽיִּמְלְא֣וּ יִרְאָ֔ה וַיִּכְרְע֥וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ תַּחַ֥ת רַגְלָֽיו׃ עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֑ים עַצְמָ֤ם אָמְרוּ֙ קָד֣וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֔וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ שִׁמְךָ֥ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ וַֽיִּסְגְּד֣וּ וַֽיִּתְפַּלְּל֔וּ מִבֹּ֖קֶר וְעַד־עָ֑רֶב וְלֹ֨א יָכְל֧וּ לָק֧וּם וְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם כָּבֵֽדוּ׃ וַיִּכְרְע֥וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ עַל־אוֹדֹ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וַיִּמְנַ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהַרְאוֹתָ֖ם חָֽסֶד׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֥ם וְיִצְחָ֖ק וְיַעֲקֹ֑ב עֲבָדַ֗י לֹ֤א דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ עִמָּ֔ם נְאֻ֣ם יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לֹ֥א נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לָהֶֽם׃ וַֽיַּ֥חְשְׁבוּ ע֖וֹד מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְלֹ֤א יִנָּ֙מּוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשָּׁ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁבְת֖וּ מֵחֶ֥שְׁבּוֹנוֹתֵֽיהֶם׃ וַיָּק֙וּמוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיַּעַמְד֖וּ בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת רִבּ֣וֹא רִבּוֹאִ֗ים וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֜וֹת וְתֵשַׁ֤ע אֲלָפִים֙ מִיָּמִ֣ין לָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאַלְפֵ֥י רְבָב֖וֹת מִשְׂמֹאֽלוֹ׃ וַֽיַּעַמְדוּ תִּשְׁעָ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעָה֙ י֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְנַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־בַּקָּשָׁתָֽם׃ וְיֹאמְר֨וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר חָלִ֤ילָה לְךָ֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י תְּנֶֽנּוּ־נָ֖א אֶת־א֣וֹר כְּבוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֖נוּ בְּא֥וֹר כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ אִ֣ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמ֑וֹ וַֽיּוֹסִ֖יפוּ בְּתִשְׁבָח֥וֹת וּבְשִׁירֽוֹת׃	16. …On the fifth day you shall bring offerings to God. The angels saw that (the Sabbath) was not sanctified on that day, and they stood before God.^[254] The whole story is obscure and the text seems to be corrupt, Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 158, n. 1, wonders whether the angels intended to sanctify the Sabbath on the fifth day but God did not agree to it. God said to His angels: “Why came you to me?” And the angels of God said to their Creator… Each of them went to his encampment and stayed in his tent. They reﬂected in their hearts, united in their dwellings, and came on the next day to Michael, Gabriel, Rufāʾēl, Rumāʾēl, and Uriel.^[255] In other passages Fānuʾēl and Uriel often occur together. The angels of God spoke, stood before God, prayed, were filled with awe, bowed down, and prostrated themselves at His feet. And while prostrating themselves they said: “Holy, Holy, Holy is Thy name for ever.” They worshiped and bowed down from morning until evening, and they were unable to get up and their eyes were heavy. They bowed down and prostrated themselves because of the Sabbath, but God was not willing to show them compassion. And God said to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: “My servants, I spoke not to them,” said God, “I gave it not to them,” said God. The angels of God deliberated again, they slept not, slumbered not, nor ceased to reﬂect. The angels of God rose and stood on the Sabbath day, one hundred million seven hundred and nine thousand [?] at the right of God, and thousands and myriads at His left. They stood for forty-nine days before God, and God rejected their request. The angels said: “Be it far from Thee, Lord, give us the light of Thy glory, and destroy us not by the light of Thy glory.” They stood, each of them at his place, and continued with praises and songs.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הָעוֹמְדִ֣ים בְּכָב֔וֹד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לֵאמֹֽר׃ אַתָּ֤ה הוּא֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ בָּר֥וּךְ ׀ בָּר֖וּךְ בָּר֑וּךְ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא שׁוֹכֵן֙ בִּשְׁמֵ֣י שָׁמַ֔יִם אַתָּ֨ה ה֧וּא לְעוֹלָ֛ם מַלְכֵּ֥נוּ וּבוֹרְאֵ֖נוּ וְאָבִ֥ינוּ וַאֲדוֹנֵֽינוּ׃ אָנָּ֤א שְׁמַע־נָא֙ לָ֔נוּ וְהַבִּ֣יטָה־נָ֔א בְּחַסְדְּךָ֖ וּבְרַחֲמֶֽיךָ׃	The angels of Heaven and those from above the Heaven, standing respectfully before God, said: “Thou who art in Heaven and earth (be) blessed, blessed, blessed; Thou who dwellest in the Heaven of heavens, Thou art the eternal King, our Creator, our Father and our Lord. We implore [Thee], listen to us, and look at us in Thy grace and mercy.”^[256] The angels praising God is a well-known theme in Jewish writings.
וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ בָּרָקִ֥יעַ הַשֵּׁ֖נִי לֵאמֹ֑ר הַ֨לְּלוּ־יָ֔הּ יִשְׁתַּבַּ֥ח שִׁמְךָ֖ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ יִתְבָּרַךְ֙ יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּיּ֧וֹם אֲשֶֽׁר־יָק֛וּם הַשָּׂטָ֥ן הַגָּד֖וֹל נֶגְדֵּֽנוּ׃ וַֽיַּעַמְד֗וּ בֵּ֚ין עַצְמָ֔ם כׇּל־אִ֖ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמ֑וֹ לְעַמּ֤וֹ וּלְמַעֲמָדוֹ֙ וּלְשִׁירָ֣יו וּלְתִשְׁבַּחְתּ֔וֹ וְלִגְמִילוּת֖וֹ הֶחָֽסֶד׃	And in the second heaven they said:^[257] Of the five or seven heavens see Test. Levi 2:7–3:8, I Enoch; Asc. Is.; III Baruch. See also II Enoch, pp. xxx-xlvi. “Hallelujah, Thy name be praised, O God. Deliver us by the splendor of Thy praise. May God be blessed on the day the great Satan^[258] The Ethiopic text has Diyābolos. will be opposed to us.” And they stood among themselves, each one in his encampment according to his people, his rank, his songs,^[259] For babbazamanomu read babbazēmomu. his praise, and his action of grace.
וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ מַלְאֲכֵ֛י הָרָקִ֥יעַ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר הַ֨לְּלוּ־יָ֔הּ יִתְגַּדֵּ֤ל שִׁמְךָ֙ בֶּן־דֵּעָה־אֵ֔ל וּבַר־נָאֶה־אֵ֖ל וּבַר־שֶׁ֥בַח־אֵֽל׃ וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בִּקְרִיאַ֥ת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ה֤וּא אָבִ֙ינוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּ֔ל וּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־בְּרִיאוֹתָֽיו׃ וַֽיִּתֵּ֧ן יֶהִוַ֛הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֶת־לַחְמָֽם׃ וַֽיֹּאכְל֤וּ הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ אֶת־מָנָ֔ם וַֽיְּמַדְּד֖וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥מוּ בְּאֵיפ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּ֖ה מִדָּת֥וֹ שָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃	The angels of the third heaven said: “Hallelujah, Thy name is glorified, Běndāʾēl, Běrnāʾēl, and Běršebāḥēl.”^[260] Běršebāḥēl occurs also in a [Beta Israel] prayer (Aescoli, p. 143). Běrnāʾēl is known as an angel of evil (see above, n. 29) and should not be used as the name of God. And God rejoiced at the invocation of His name. He is our Father, the King of all. He reigns over His creatures. Then God gave the angels their food. The angels ate their manna,^[261] For manna called “angels’ food” see Wisdom of Solomon 16:20; Adam and Eve 4:2. measured and put it in with ʾafāʾif,^[262] This seems to be the internal plural of the Hebrew ʾefa. It reflects the story of the mannah as related in Exod. 16:11-16. and its dimension was three.
וַֽיָּשִׂ֙ישׂוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הַכֹּ֖ל בְּק֣וֹל אֶחָ֑ד וַֽיִּהְי֛וּ כֻּלָּ֥ם מֻשְׂמָחִ֖ים בִּתְהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ נָ֣תַן לָהֶ֣ם לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֑וּ וַֽיִּ֤תְהַלְּלוּ֙ מִגָּדֹ֣ל וְעַד־קָטֹ֔ן בְּשָׂשׂ֣וֹן וּבְשִׂמְחָ֔ה אֶת־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרָאָֽם׃ וַֽיַּעַמְד֨וּ כׇּל־אִ֤ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ֙ וַֽיְהַלְל֣וּהוּ בְּשִׁירֵיהֶ֔ם הֵ֖ם עִם־צִבְא֣וֹתֵיהֶ֑ם בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַחֹ֗דֶשׁ בְּעֵ֨ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר פְּתֻח֛וֹת דַּלְתֵ֖י בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ כִּ֚י הֵ֔מָּה לֹ֖א סְגוּר֑וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ וְלֹ֥א בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃	Then the angels of God rejoiced, all with one voice, and all of them were gladdened by His praise. While God gave them bread they ate and drank,^[263] There are many examples in Jewish literature of angels eating and drinking (Legends, 3, 236) and, great and small, they praised with joy and delight God who had created them. They rejoiced, praising God on the New Moon and on the Sabbath, and served God by praising His name. They stood, each of them at his place, and with their songs they praised Him, together with their hosts, on the New Moon when the doors of the house of God are open. For they are not closed^[264] For ʾiyětʿābaw read ʾiyětʿaṣ(ṣ)aw. on the New Moon nor on the Sabbath.^[265] Some obscure words follow.
וְהִקְרִ֣יבוּ לֶיהִוַ֗הֵ כִּבְתוֹרַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י פָּרִֻ֤ים שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה כְּבָשִׂ֔ים וְאֵילִ֥ים שְׁנַ֖יִם טְהֹרִ֑ים וֶהֱבִיא֣וּם יְרוּשָׁלַ֗יְמָה מִתְּחִלַּת֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ עַ֥ד יִשְׁמְר֛וּהוּ בְּכׇל־י֥וֹם תָּמִ֖יד עַל־חַטָּא֥וֹת נַפְשׁוֹתֵֽיהֶם׃	They shall offer sacrifices to God according to the law of the children of Levi: three bullocks, seven lambs, and two pure rams;^[266] Numbers 28:11 speaks of two young bullocks, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old. and they shall bring them to Jerusalem on the beginning of the New Moon until [?] and they shall observe it daily because of the sins of their souls.^[267] Here a corrupt passage of several lines follows.
וַיִּבְרָ֤א יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּ֥תֵּן לָ֖הּ לִבְנֵ֣י אֱנ֑וֹשׁ לְכַ֧פֵּר עַל־חַטֹּאותָ֛ם וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם וּפִשְׁעֵֽיהֶם׃ אִ֨ם תַּקְרִ֤יב קׇרְבָּן֙ כֶּבֶ֣שׂ בֶּן־שָׁנָ֔ה וְשָׂעִ֖יר בֶּן־שָׁנָ֑ה לֹ֤א תִּסָּפֵ֙רְנָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם כׇּל־חַ֖טֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃	God created the Sabbath^[268] The Sabbath must not be understood as a cessation from the work of creation but as creation in itself. Everything was created in six days except rest, which was created on the Sabbath (Legends, 5, 111). and gave it to the children of man to forgive their faults, mischiefs, and sins; if you bring a sacrifice of a year-old sheep and of a year-old goat^[269] Num. 28:9-10 speaks, however, of two male lambs a year old. (on that day) the sins will not be counted against you.
הַשַּׁבָּ֥ת הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית הַתְּמִימִ֑ית הִ֖יא חַ֥ג הַקָּצִֽיר׃ וּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמׇּחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שִׁבְעָ֖ה שְׁבוּע֑וֹת וּבַיּ֨וֹם הַחֲמִשִּׁ֜ים לֹ֣א תָּרִ֗יבוּ וְלֹ֤א תְּטַיְּלוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א תַּרְכִּ֔ילוּ אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ וְהָיָ֕ה אַחֲרֵ֥י שְׁמִיעַ֖ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כׇּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָ֖וֶן יֻשְׁמַֽדוּ׃	The seventh pure Sabbath is the Festival of the Harvest.^[270] The name is the same as in Exod. 23:16. In Jubilees 6:17, 21, it is called the “Feast of the Weeks.” Beginning on the day after the Sabbath you will count (seven) weeks, and on the fiftieth day^[271] Lev. 23:11, 16. The Karaites and the Samaritans count the fifty days from the Sunday of the Passover; the Rabbanites from the second day of the Passover; see also, Aescoli, pp. 65-66. you shall neither strive nor travel nor slander. I am God, your Lord. After having heard these words… all those who commit sins shall be destroyed.
וְעַתָּ֖ה מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הַלְל֤וּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ֙ הַשּׁוֹמֵ֣ר אֶת־שַׁבַּתִּ֔י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֖יו מִשֻּׁלְחָנִֽי׃ לְמַ֖עַן הַשַּׁ֑בָּת יִתֶּ֣ן הַגֶּ֔פֶן עֶ֧שֶׂר מָנ֛וֹת מוּסָפ֖וֹת לִסְחִירָֽה׃	And now, O angels of Heaven, praise the man who observed my Sabbath. I shall reward him from my table.^[272] Cf. the Prayers of the Falashas, p. 140: ‘’The just will sit at the heavenly table”; cf. also, “the table of God” in Mal. 1:7, 12; “the table of the Lord” in I Cor. 10:21; Test. Levi 8:16; “to eat of His table” in Test. Jud. 21: 5. See also, Jubilees 31:16; Sir. 45:21. Because of the Sabbath the vine will give ten measures more for trading.^[273] The superior character of the seventh day is marked by the circumstance that everything connected with it is twofold, e.g., the double portion of manna (Exod. 16: 22), the two lambs (Num. 28:9), the double menace (Exod. 31:14), etc. (E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 589)
17. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֤הֵ אֶל־שַׁבַּתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכִי־רְדִ֖י אָ֑רְצָה וַתֵּ֣רֶד הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת מִשְּׁמֵ֤י מָרוֹם֙ אַ֔רְצָה בְּת֖וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלָֽיִם׃ וַֽיְקַבְּל֖וּהָ הֶ֣בֶל וַחֲנ֑וֹךְ וּמַ֣לְכִּי־צֶ֔דֶק הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ וַֽיַּמְלִיכ֙וּהָ֙ כׇּל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יְהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיִּתְפָּרְז֖וּ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם אַחֲרֵ֥י יְצִיאָתָ֖הּ מִכִּסְּאָֽהּ׃	17. God said to His Sabbath: “Go, descend to the earth.” And the Sabbath descended from the highest Heaven to the earth in the midst of Jerusalem. Abel, Enoch, and Melchizedek, the great priest, received her. And all the angels of God crowned her, and then they dispersed in the midst of Heaven after having departed from her throne.
כׇּל־מִתְעַנְּגֵ֥י הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּמְכַבְּדֶ֣יהָ וְשֹׁמְרֶ֑יהָ כׇּל־חַטָּאתָ֖ם תְּכַפֵּֽרְנָה׃ כׇּל־נֹתְנֵ֤י צְדָקָה֙ וְשֹׁמְרֵ֣י דּוּמִיָּ֔ה וּמִתְפַּלְּלִ֖ים בְּלֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֑ם בַּשַּׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ יֻצְּל֥וּ לְעוֹלָ֖ם וְשָׂמֵֽחוּ׃	Those who celebrate the Sabbath and honor her and observe her will have their sins remitted.^[274] See below, p. 37. Those who give alms, remain silent, and pray with a confident heart on the Sabbath of God shall be delivered forever and shall rejoice.
מַשְׁמַ֣ע שַׁבָּ֗ת ה֕וּא אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים נְאֻ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ זׇכְרֵנִי־נָ֖א בִּדְבָרִ֥ים טוֹבִֽים׃ כׇּל־מִתְפַּלְלִ֞ים בַּלֵּבָ֣ב יָשָׁ֗ר וּמְבַ֤קְּשֵׁי חֶ֙סֶד֙ בַּשַּׁבָּ֔ת כׇּל־חַטֹּאתָ֖ם תְּכַפֵּ֑רְנָה מִלְּבַ֗ד כׇּל־שֹׁמְרֵ֤י דּוּמִיָּה֙ וְנֹתְנֵ֣י צְדָקָ֔ה וּמִתְפַּלְּלִ֕ים בְּחַגֵּ֥י הַסֻּכּ֖וֹת וְהַקָּצִֽיר׃	Sabbath means “I am God, the Lord,” says God.^[275] See above, p. 19 and n. 100. Remember me with good words. Those who pray with a right heart, and ask for grace on the Sabbath, shall have their sins remitted, as will those who are silent and give aims and pray at the Feasts of the Tabernacles and of the Harvest.
תָּחֹג֙ אֶת־חַ֣ג הַפֶּ֔סַח בְּכׇל־שָׁנָ֖ה בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וּמוֹעֵ֖ד רֹ֥אשׁ הַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ תִּתֶּ֨ן מַעֲשֵׂ֜ר מִכׇּל־דְּגָנֶ֗יךָ תָבִ֤יא מַעֲשֵׂר֙ תְּבוּאַ֣ת שָׂדֶ֔ךָ לַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְסָלַ֖ח לְחַטֹּא֥ות אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ נָת֣וֹן תִּתֵּ֔ן אֶת־רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאַ֣ת דְּגָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְחֹ֤ר בְּקָרְךָ֙ וְצֹאנֶ֔ךָ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר קָנ֥וּ יָדֶֽיךָ׃	Thou shalt celebrate the Feast of Passover every year in its time,^[276] Exod. 12:6-9, and passim; Jubilees 49. and the Festival of the New Moon. Thou shalt give tithe^[277] An obscure word ʾasxěrt precedes. of all Thy corn, and thou shalt bring the tithe of the products of thy field to the priest, before God, and he will pardon the sins of men. [Thou shalt give] the first fruit of thy corn, the first-born of thine oxen and sheep, and of whatsoever thy hands have acquired.^[278] Lev. 27: 30-33; Num. 18:21-26; Deut. 14: 22-29; see also, O. Eissfeldt, Erstlinge und Zehnten im Alten Testament (1917).
אִ֕ם אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֹתַ֥י וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֖י תְּקַיֵּ֑מוּ הִנֵּה֙ אַבִּ֣יט עָלֶ֔יךָ נְאֻ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ אִ֨ם אֶת־מוֹעֲדַ֤י תִּשְׁמֹ֙רוּ֙ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֣י תִּתְעַנֵּ֔גוּ וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑֖כוּ אָנֹכִ֥י אֶהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם׃ אַחֲרֵ֤י חִלִּיתִיו֙ הִרְעַבְתִּ֔יו הִנֵּ֖ה אֶעְשֵׂ֣הוּ גָּד֑וֹל וְהִצְטָרֵ֧ף בִּכְבוֹדִ֛י אִם־יִשְׁמֹ֖ר אֶת־מִצְוֹתַֽי׃ אִ֨ם לֹ֤א תִּשְׁמְרוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַתֵּלְכ֥וּ אַחַ֛ר הַיֵּ֥צֶר הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֖י לִשְׁכּ֣וֹן בְּלֹא־צֶ֑דֶק אֲנִ֨י יֶהִוַ֤הֵ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ אֶ֣גְרׇשְׁכֶ֔ם כִּגְרַ֥שְׁתִּיכֶ֖ם מֵאַרְצְכֶֽם׃ וְשָׁלַחְתִּי֙ אֶת־הָרָעָ֔ב וְאֶת־הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲקָר֥וּת וְאֶת־הָאֲבַעְבּוּע֑וֹת וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֕ם אֶת־בְּשַׂ֥ר בָּנֶ֖יךָ וּבְנֹתֶֽיךָ׃ אִ֨ם יֵ֤שׁ אֲנָשִׁים֙ וְלֹ֣א יוֹדְעֵ֔נִי הִנֵּ֥ה אֲשַׁלְּמֵ֖ם עַל־יָדַ֑י וְחַרְבִּי֧ יִלְהַ֛ב מֵעַ֥ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א־יוֹדְעֵֽנִֽי׃ זֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם וְזִכְרִ֖י לְד֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃	If you fulfill all my commandments and ordinances I shall look upon you, says God.^[279] Some words follow, the meaning of which could be, “Omit not to bring your first fruit.” If you observe my holidays, celebrate my Sabbaths, and keep my law, I shall be with you. After making you sick and hungry I shall make you^[280] The text has here and on the next line “him” instead of “you.” great, and you shall participate in my glory if you observe my commandments. If you observe not the commandments of God and (follow) the ancient temptation not to live in justice,^[281] The passage is obscure. I, God, your Lord, shall expel you as I expelled you from your country. And I shall send hunger, plague, sterility, and scab^[282] Cf. similar expressions in Ezek. 5:17; 14:13. This passage reflects the curses for the disobedience of the law in Lev. 33:14 ff.; Deut. 28:15 ff. so that (you will eat)^[283] The text is corrupt. the ﬂesh of your sons and daughters. If there are people who know me not I shall punish them by my hands, and my sword will burn above those who know me not. This is my name forever and my fame for generations.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה נָתַתִּי֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לִמְנוּחָ֖ה וְלִקְרִיאַ֥ת שְׁמִֽי׃ בַּשַּׁ֥בָּת הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ית וּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֑י הָיִ֣יתִי וְאֶהְיֶ֔ה שְׁמִ֖י לְעֹלָֽם׃ הַשַּׁבָּ֧ת לָאָדָ֛ם לְהַאֲמִ֖ין בֶּיהִוַֽהֵ׃ אִ֣ישׁ אִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל וְיִתְכּוֹפֵף֩ וְיִ֨תְהַלָּ֤ל וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ וִיטַהֵ֣ר אֶת־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְיִתְחַנֵּ֖ן בְּלֵ֣ב תָּמִ֑יד לֹ֥א יֶחְסַ֖ר מְאֽוּמָה׃ כׇּל־שׁוֹמְרֵ֣י הַחֻקִּ֔ים וְשַׁבָּ֖ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וּמִתְעַנְּגִ֧ים בְּשַׁבָּ֛ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יִחְיֽוּן׃	God said to Moses: “I gave thee the Sabbath for^[284] The text has “with.” rest and for the invocation of my name. At the third Sabbath and^[285] This should probably be “the third Sabbath of the fifth moon” (see Introduction, p. xxxi and n. 42). the fifth New Moon… I am and I shall be. My name is forever.” The Sabbath (is given) to man to believe in God. He who will pray, be submissive, praise, prostrate himself, purify his soul, and pray with a constant heart will be deprived of nothing. They who observe the laws and the Sabbath of God and celebrate the Sabbath of God shall live.
18. אֵ֚לֶּה מִ֣צְוֹת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לְשׁ֖וֹמְרֶֽיהָ׃ בְּחִקּ֤וּר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ בְּכׇל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּי֖וֹם בִּיאָת֑וֹ וְקָמָ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לְמַ֖עַן יְרֵאָֽיו׃ וְלִבְנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א יִרְאֵ֣י יָ֑הּ וְקָמָ֧ה צָרָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃	18. These are the commandments of the Sabbath for those who observe it. When God questions the inhabitants of the earth upon the day of His arrival,^[286] One wonders whether the text refers to the arrival of the Messiah or of Christ. the Sabbath will stand before God on behalf of those who fear Him. As for those of the children of Adam who fear not God, a misfortune [?] will befall them at the last day.
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שַׁבָּ֜ת אֶל־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ גָּד֤וֹל שִׁמְךָ֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם חַנּ֖וּן שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֛ת אָחֹ֖ן עַל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיָדַֽיִךְ׃ תָּק֣וּם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת בְּיוֹם֙ חִקּ֣וּר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בְּכׇל־יְרֵאָ֛יו וּבְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣א יְרֵאָ֑יו וְהִצְדִּיקָ֣ה הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֔יהָ וְאָמְרָ֖ה לְבֹרְאֶֽיהָ׃ אֵ֣לֶּה עַמִּ֡י אֵ֣לֶּה נַחֲלָתִי֩ אֵ֨לֶּה הֹלְכֵ֤י דַּרְכִּי֙ אֵ֣לֶּה אֹהֲבֵ֔נִי אֵ֚לֶּה מַ֣אֲמִינֵ֔נִי אֵ֛לֶּה לֹ֥א מַזְנִיחֶ֖יךָ אֵ֣לֶּה מִתְעַנְּגֶ֑יךָ וְעַתָּ֕ה יִתְעַנְּג֖וּ בִּמְנוּחַ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־שֹׁמְרֵי֮ שַׁבַּתְּךָ֒ וְלֹ֣א ׀ הֹלְכֵ֣י חֻקֶּ֗יךָ וּמַזְנִיחֵ֤י מִצְוֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלֹא־שֹׁמְעֵ֣י בְּרִיתֶ֔ךָ וּמַזְנִיחֵ֣י מִצְוֹתֶ֔יךָ וּמְמָאֲנֵ֥י עֲבוֹדָתֶ֖ךָ וְעוֹבְרֵ֣י מִשְׁפָּטֶ֑ךָ הִנָּם֙ אֲרוּרִ֔ים וְדִינָ֥ם שְׁאֹ֖ל לְעֹלָֽם׃ הִתְכּוֹפֵף֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בְּטֶ֖רֶם תֵּצֵ֣א נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וּזְכֹר־נָ֨א אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י הָאֲסוֹנוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ מָ֣וֶת מַ֔ר וְהַשֵּׁנִ֖י עֹ֥נֶשׁ בְּלִי־סֽוֹף: זְכֹר־נָ֥א זֹ֖את תָּמִ֑יד וְאַ֖ל־תִּשְׁכָּחֵֽהוּ׃	Sabbath said to God: “Thy name is great forever. Thy name is gracious.” God said to the Sabbath: “I am gracious for those who belong to thee.” The Sabbath will rise on the day on which God questions those who fear Him and those who fear Him not. Then the Sabbath will intercede for those who belong to her and will say to her Creator: “These are my people; these are my inheritance; these are they who walk in my path, who love me, who believe in me, who neglect Thee not, who find delight in Thee. Now they will enjoy eternal rest. Amen. But they who observe not Thy Sabbath, who walk not in Thy law, who neglect Thy commandments, who are not obedient to Thy covenant,^[287] The text repeats “who neglects Thy commandments.” who refuse Thy service, and who transgress Thy law will be cursed and condemned to Sheol forever. Be submissive to the law of God before your soul leaves you, and remember two calamities: first a bitter death, second a punishment without end. Remember this forever and forget it not.”
19. בַּשָּׁב֤וּעַ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ נִבְרָ֣א הָאָדָ֔ם וְגַ֖ם נִבְרֵ֣את הָאִשָּׁ֑ה בַּשָּׁב֣וּעַ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַֽיֵּרָאֶ֖יהָ אֵלָֽיו׃ עַל־כֵּ֖ן הַמִּצְוָ֑ה לְחַשֵּׁב֙ אֶת־טֻ֣מְאָתָ֔ם לְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁב֖וּעַ וּלְאִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁבוּעָֽיִם׃ וּמִקֵּץ֩ אַרְבָּעִ֨ים י֧וֹם בָּאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִבְרָ֖א הָאָדָ֑ם וַנַּנִּחֵ֣הוּ בְגַן־עֵ֔דֶם לְעׇבְדָ֖הּ וּלְשׇׁמְרָֽהּ׃ אַ֚ךְ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ הִנַּחְנ֤וּהָ שָׁם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמוֹנִ֔ים וַתִּכָּנֵ֖ס בְּגַן־עֵֽדֶם׃ וְעַל־כֵּן֙ כְּתוּבָ֣ה הַמִּצְוָ֔ה בַּלֻּח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם עַ֖ל הַיּוֹלָֽדֶת׃ אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְטָֽמְאָה֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים כִּימֵ֛י הַשָּׁב֖וּעַ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טׇהֳרָ֑ה בְּכׇל־קֹ֣דֶשׁ לֹֽא־תִגָּ֗ע וְאֶל־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔א עַד־מְלֹ֕את יְמֵ֥י טׇהֳרָ֖הּ לַזָכָֽר׃ אַ֚ךְ אִם־נְקֵבָ֣ה תֵלֵ֔ד וְטָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁב֙ עַל־דְּמֵ֣י טׇהֳרָ֔ה וַֽיִּהְי֖וּ שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ וַֽתְּכַ֖ל אֶת־יָמֶ֑יהָ וְאָ֤ז הִנַּחְנ֙וּהָ֙ בְּגַ֣ן עֵ֔דֶם כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ הֽוּא׃	19. In the first week Adam was created and the woman was created, too.^[288] Jubilees 3:8 ff. Several passages of our text are corrected according to the text of Jubilees. For all these details see Jubilees, p. 22, nn. 8-14. In the [second] week God showed her unto him. Therefore the commandment was to regard their defilement as lasting for a male seven days and for a female twice seven days.^[289] Lev. 12:2-5. After Adam had completed forty days in the land wherein he had been created, We brought him into the Garden of Edom to till and keep it, but his wife we brought in on the eightieth day, and then she entered into the Garden of Edom. And for this reason the commandment is written on the heavenly tables^[290] On the heavenly tables see I Enoch, pp. 91-92, note to 57:3; Jubilees, p. 24, note to 3:10. in regard to her who gives birth: “If she bear^[291] For těwarrěd read těwallěd. a male she shall remain in uncleanness seven days according to the first week, and thirty-three days shall she remain in the blood of her purification; she shall not touch a hallowed thing, not enter into the sanctuary, until she accomplishes the number of days (prescribed) for a male child.^[292] At present, too, the [Beta Israel] woman is unclean for forty days after giving birth but the division is eight and thirty-two (see Introduction, p. xv). But in the case of a female child she shall remain in her uncleanness two weeks of days, according to the first two weeks [and sixty-six days] in the blood of her purification, so that there will be in all eighty days (of uncleanness).”^[293] The idea that the law of Lev. 12: 2-5 is based on the belief that Adam was created at the close of the first week and Eve at the close of the second weck reappears in various midrashic works; see Jubilees, pp. 22-24, and note to 8-14. On the defilement of women for forty and eighty days according to Abyssinian belief, see Ludolf, Historia Aethiopica, pp. 3, 6, 36; Rüppel, Reise in Abessinien, 2, 51; E. Littmann, “Abyssinia,” Enc. Rel. Ethics, 1, 58; Introduction, pp. xiv, xv. When she completed the (eighty) days we brought her into the Garden of Edom, for it is holy.
וּבָרִאשׁ֤וֹן לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִ֔י וַנֵּרָ֧א אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֛ם בְּאֵלֹנֵ֖י מַרְמְרִ֑ים וַ֨נְּדַבֵּ֤ר עִמוֹ֙ וַֽנִּקְרָ֣א אֵלָ֔יו כִּ֚י יִוָּלֵ֣ד יִצְחָ֔ק לְשָׂרָ֖ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָ֑ה כִּ֚י שָׁמְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י דִּבַּ֛רְנוּ בַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עִם־אַבְרָהָֽם׃ וַֽנּוֹכִחֶ֖הָ וַ֥תִּירָ֑א וַֽתְּכַחֵ֥שׁ אֶת־צְחוֹקָ֖הּ בַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ וַנַּ֤גִּידָהּ֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ כִּ֣י ׀ שְׁמ֣וֹ יִצְחָ֗ק הוּקַ֧ם וְכָת֛וּב הָ֖יָה בְּלֻח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְלַ֥מּוֹעֵד֙ נָשׁ֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ כָּעֵ֥ת חַיָּ֖ה לָ֥הּ בֵּֽן׃	And on the new moon of the fourth month we appeared unto Abraham^[294] Gen. 18:1, Jubilees 16:1 ff. at the oak^[295] For darsā read děrs. of Mamre,^[296] For “Mamre” the text has “Marmarim.” and we talked with him and we announced to him that Isaac^[297] Gen. 18:10; Jubilees 16:1 has “son.” would be borne by Sarah, (his) wife. And Sarah laughed, for she had heard that we had spoken these words to Abraham. We admonished her and she became afraid, and denied that she had laughed at these words. And we told her^[298] For zanagarnāhā read wanagarnāhā. the name of her son, as his name Isaac was ordained and written in the heavenly tables, and (that) when we returned to her at the time appointed she would have borne a son.
וּבַחֹדֶ֨שׁ הַה֜וּא וַיָּ֣קֶם ׀ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֶת־דִּינ֗וֹ עַ֚ל סְד֣וֹם וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וּלְבוֹ֖יִם וְכִכָּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַֽיַּבְעִירֵ֖ם בָּאֵֽשׁ׃	And in this month God executed His judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah and Zeboim^[299] Gen. 14:2, 8. The text has Labayěm. and the regions of the Jordan, and he burned them with fire.^[300] Gen. 19:24-25.
וּבַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַה֛וּא וַֽיֵּ֥צֵא אַבְרָהָ֖ם מֵחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב בֵּ֥ין קַדֵּ֖שׁ לְשֵׂעִֽיר׃ וּבַחֲצִי֙ הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְּבַקֵּ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּשָׁרָ֑ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָ֖הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ וַתַּ֕הַר וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּ֖ן בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃ וּבַחֲצִ֣י הַחֹ֗דֶשׁ לַמּוֹעֵד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּחַ֖ג בִּכּוּרֵ֣י הַקָּצִ֑יר וַ֥יִּוָּלֵ֖ד יִצְחָֽק׃ וַיָּ֥מׇת אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְה֣וּא נוֹלַ֔ד בַּיּ֖וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲנִי֙ חָפֵ֣ץ בָּ֔ךְ וּבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ לְעֹלָֽם׃	And in this month Abraham moved from Hebron and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur.^[301] Gen. 20:1; Jubilees 16:10, The text has Sēyr instead of Shur. In the middle of the seventh^[302] Jubilees 3:12 has “in the middle of the sixth month.” month God visited Sarah, and He did unto her as He had spoken^.^[303] Gen. 21:1-4. She conceived and bore a son in the third month. And in the middle of the month^[304] The text has “in the middle of the seventh month,” but “seventh” seems to be superfluous since according to the preceding line Isaac was born in the third month. Jubilees 16:12 has “in the middle of the sixth month.” at the time of which God had spoken, on the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born.^[305] According to agadic versions Isaac was born on the first or on the fifteenth of Nisan (Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 46). Abraham died in the seventh [month];^[306] According to Jewish legends Abraham died in the tenth month; according to the Talmud he died in the first or in the seventh month (Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 84, 200, n. 921a). he had been born on the eighth day.^[307] Some legends say that Abraham was born during the first month, others that he was born during the seventh month (Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 1, 100, n. 6). God said to Abraham: “I love thee and thy seed forever.”
תְּהִ֕י תְּהִלַּ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְעֹלָֽם׃	May the praise of God be eternal.

Secondary Translation (Hebrew)

Primary Translation (English)

1. בָּר֥וּךְ יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֱלֹהֵ֥י כׇּל־רוּח֖וֹת וְכׇל־בָּשָֽׂר׃

1. Praised be God, the Lord of Israel, the Lord of all spirit and of all ﬂesh. (Cf. Numbers 16:22)

וַיְהִ֥י עֶ֖רֶב וַיְהִ֣י בֹ֑קֶר יָמִ֣ים שִׁשָּׁ֔ה וַיְכַ֖ל מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בָּרָ֖א אֽוֹר׃ י֥וֹם שֵׁנִ֖י בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וּמַ֕יִם לְהַרְא֖וֹת אֶת־חׇכְמָֽתוֹ׃ י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִׁ֖י בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהַיָּ֗מִים וְכׇל־עֵ֙שֶׂב֙ מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע כֹּ֖ל לְמִינֵֽיהֶם׃ י֖וֹם רְבִיעִ֑י בָּרָ֕א אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְאֶת־הַמַּזָּלֽוֹת׃ י֣וֹם חֲמִישִׁ֔י בָּרָ֖א אֶת־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם וְתַנִּ֣ינִים גְּדוֹלִ֔ים וְכׇל־ע֥וֹף כָּנָ֖ף לְמִינֵֽיהֶם׃ י֣וֹם הַשִּׁ֗שִּׁי בָּרָא֙ בְּהֵמ֣וֹת אָדָ֔ם וַֽיִּמְלְא֖וּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא בָּרָ֥א אָדָ֖ם צׇהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא לִבְרֹ֖א אֶת־אָדָ֑ם וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אֶת־מַלְאָכ֛וֹ גֶּרְמָאֵ֖ל י֥וֹרֵד־אַֽרְצָה׃ וַיֵּ֩רֶד֩ מַלְאָ֨ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים אַ֗רְצָה וַיָּבֹ֕א אֶ֖רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֑ם וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ לָקַ֥חַת עָפָ֖ר מִן־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ וַיּפַ֖לֵּג אֶ֣רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֑ם וַתָּ֕נֹס בְּשֵׁ֖ם יֶהִוַ֥הֵ הָאַדִּֽיר׃ וַֽיִּרָ֥א הַמַּ֖לְאָךְ מִשֵּׁ֣ם הַקָּד֑וֹשׁ וַיֵּ֙צֵא֙ וַיָּ֣שׇׁב לְשַׁלְּח֔וֹ וַיַּעֲמֹ֛ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֵלָ֑יו לָמָּ֕ה לֹ֥א הֵבֵ֖אתָ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ מַלְאַ֨ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֜ים לְשַׁלְּח֗וֹ הִנֵּ֞ה הָאָ֤רֶץ קָרְאָה֙ בִּשְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַתָּ֖נֹס בְּשֵׁ֣ם כְּבֹדֶ֑ךָ וַאֲנִ֨י יָרֵ֧א מִשִּׁמְךָ֛ הַכָּב֥וֹד הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהֶחָזָֽק׃ וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַמַּלְאָ֗ךְ וַֽיֶּחֱרַד֙ מֵרֹ֣אשׁ וְעֵד־רֶ֔גֶל וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְאֵ֛ינוֹ לְדַבֵּ֖ר לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלְחֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אַל־תִּירָ֑א וַיְחַדֵּ֣שׁ לִבּ֔וֹ כִּי־כִּבֵּ֖ד בְּשֵׁ֥ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיִּ֧רָא הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ מִשֵּׁ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֶּחֱזַֽק׃

And it was night, and it was day. And it was six days, and He finished His work. The first day He created the light. The second day He created Heaven and water showing His wisdom. The third day He created the earth, the sea, and everything that grows, each after its kind and aspect. The fourth day He created the sun, the moon, and the constellations of stars. The fifth day He created the angels of Heaven, the big sea monsters, and the fowl after their kind. The sixth day He created the animals fit for (food for) human kind until the earth was full of them, and then, on the same day, He created Adam, at midday. On that day God Himself thought to create Adam, and He sent His angel called Gěrmāʾēl down to earth. The angel of God came to the earth, reached the country of Dudālēm, and was about to take dust from the earth. The country of Dudālēm was cleft asunder and took refuge in the name of the mighty Lord. The angel, fearing the Holy Name, left (that country) and returned to his sender and stood trembling before God. God said to him: “Why didst thou not bring me [the dust of the earth]?” The angel of God said to his sender: “The earth invoked Thy name and took refuge in Thy glorious name. I feared Thy name, the glorious, great, and strong.” The angel stood trembling from head to foot, his soul trembled, and he was unable to speak to Him who had sent him. God said to him: “Fear not.” And his mind was restored, for he glorified the name of God. And the angel, who feared the name of God, became strong.

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בְּלִ֔בּוֹ אֶשְׁבֹּ֖תָה מִבְּרִיאָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מַלְאָ֣ךְ אַחֵ֔ר וּשְׁמ֖וֹ אַכְּסָאֵֽל׃ וַיָּ֨קׇם הַמַּלְאָ֜ךְ וַיָּבֹ֧א דּוּדָלֵ֛מָה וַיִּקַּ֖ח מִן־הֶעָפָ֑ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּשֵׁ֥ם קׇדְשׁ֖וֹ אָנֽוּס׃ וַֽיִּרָ֛א גַם־הַמַּלְאָ֥ךְ הַזֶּ֖ה מִשֵּׁ֣ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיֵּ֖צֵא מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשׁ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּצְבָ֥א יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָ֑ךְ לָמָּ֖ה לֹ֥א הֵבֵאתָֽנִי׃ וַיַּ֧עַן הַמַּלְאָ֛ךְ כִּמְעַ֥ט מְעַ֖ט וַיֹּאמַ֑ר כִּ֚י שִׁמְךָ֔ נוֹרָ֖א עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ וַיֹּ֮אמֶר֮ יֶהִוַהֵ֒ מִ֣י ה֗וּא כִּ֛י גָּלָ֥ה אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וְאֵֽי־זֶ֖ה הֽוּא׃ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֛ין גָּלָ֥ה אֶת־שִׁ֖מְךָ לְפָנַ֑י אַ֚ךְ קָרְאָה־ב֣וֹ הָאָ֔רֶץ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד נַפְשִֽׁי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בָּר֖וּךְ יָרֵ֣א שְׁמִ֑י וּמְכַבְּדֵנִ֕י לֹ֥א יוֹרְדִ֖ים גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃

God then thought: “I shall desist from creating [Adam].” Then [He sent] another angel named ʾAksāʾēl. The angel rose up, reached the (land) of Dudālēm, and took from the dust [of the earth. The earth said]: “I take refuge in His Holy Name.” This angel, too, feared the name of God and left the earth. The soul of the one who belonged to the army of God trembled. God said to the angel: “Why didst thou not bring me [the dust of the earth]?” The angel answered, though he was hardly able to do it, and said: “Because Thy name is terrible forever.” God said to him: “Who revealed my name to thee, and who is he?” “None revealed to me Thy name, but the earth invoked it, and my soul trembled.” God said: “He who fears my name is blessed. Likewise they who honor me will not enter into Hell.”

וַיַּ֗עַן הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הָרִאשׁוֹן֮ בֶּרְנַאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בִּ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הָאֵ֥ל הַגָּד֖וֹל לְעֹלָ֑ם וַיִּקְצֹ֗ף וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לִשְׁנֵ֤י הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שַׁלְּחָ֣ם יֶהִוַ֔הֵ כִּ֛י מִצְוַ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לֹא־שְׁמַֽעְתֶּם׃ וַיִּחַ֨ר אַ֥ף יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּבֶרְנַאֵ֑ל עַ֖ל אֹד֥וֹת זֶֽה׃ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר שַׁלְּחֵ֙נִי֙ וְאֵ֣לְכָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁלְחֵ֖הוּ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיָּ֤קׇם בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ בִּצְבָ֣א יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מַהֵ֖ר וְהָבֵ֥אנִי הֶעָפָֽר׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֣א בֶּרְנַאֵל֮ וַֽיִּשְׂמַ֣ח בְּלִבּוֹ֒ עַ֚ל אֹד֣וֹת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַיָּ֖רׇץ מִסּ֣וֹף הַמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַֽיָּבֹ֛א אַ֖רְצָה דּוּדָלֵֽם׃ וַֽיָּבֹא֙ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֣ד הָאָ֔רֶץ וַֽתִּפֹּ֥ל עָלֶ֖יהָ אֵימָ֣תָה וָפַ֑חַד וַתֵּדַ֗ע כִּ֚י הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ יָק֔וּם כִּ֚י שְׁנֵֽי־הַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים אֲשֶֽׁר־לְפָנָ֔יו לֹא־קָ֖מוּ וְלֹֽא־לָקָֽחוּ׃ וַיִּקַּ֖ח הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַתְּהִ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לִתְה֥וֹם גָדֽוֹל׃ וַֽתִּקְרָא֙ בְּק֣וֹל רָ֔ם מִתּוֹכָ֖ם וְעַ֣ד יְסוֹדָ֑ם וַיָּ֕נֹס בְּשֵׁ֖ם הָאֵ֥ל הָאַדִּֽיר׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵ֖ל לֹא־אֶעֱנֶ֣ה דָּבָ֑ר וַתִּזְעַ֨ק בְּק֤וֹל רָם֙ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שַׁלְּח֔וֹ וַֽתֵּ֕בְךְּ וַֽתֶּחֱרַ֖ד שֶׁ֥בַע שָׁנִֽים׃

The archangel of God named Běrnāʾēl answered and said: “O God, the great Lord forever,” and became angry and said to the two archangels whom God had sent: “You have disobeyed the commandment of God.” God was angry at Běrnāʾēl because of that. [And Běrnāʾēl said to God]: “Send me and I shall go.” God (decided) to send him. Běrnāʾēl, of the army of God, stood up. God said: “Hurry, and bring me the dust.” Běrnāʾēl came, rejoicing in his heart because of God, ran from the end of the camp, and arrived in the land of Dudālēm. When he arrived the earth trembled, was fearful and agitated. It knew while (the angel) stood there [that he would take the dust], whereas previously the two angels did not rise up and take it. The angel Běrnāʾēl took the dust, and the earth became a big abyss. It shouted aloud from its interior to its foundations and took refuge in the mighty name of God. Běrnāʾēl said: “I shall not answer anything.” The earth shouted aloud to the One who had sent (the angel), wept, and trembled for seven years.

וַיִּקַּ֤ח בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ זֵ֣ד הַזֵּדִ֔ים חֹ֑מֶר הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיִּשָּׂאֵ֥הוּ וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיַּ֨רְא יֶהִוַ֧הֵ בָּאָ֛רֶץ וָיַּחֲשֹׁ֖ב כִּ֥י חֲרֵ֑דָה׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ הִ֨נֵּה חָרְדָ֤ה הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים עַד־בִּיאַ֖ת שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹב֑ל וְהִיא֙ תֶּחֱרַ֣ד כָּזֶ֔ה מִן־הַיּ֧וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה עַ֖ד אַחֲרִ֥ית הַשָּׁנִֽים׃ וַיַּ֣חַז יֶהִוַ֔הֵ עַל־בֶּרְנַאֵ֖ל בָּחֳרִי־אַ֑ף וַיֹּאמֶ֖ר הֱיֵ֥ה אֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֣ל הַמַּלְאָ֑ךְ תַּפְּשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ בְּכַ֣ף רַגְלָ֔יו וְהַשְׁלִכֵ֧הוּ אָ֛רְצָה וּבְפָנָ֖יו הַכֵּֽהוּ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מִיכָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ תֵּנְנִי־נָ֛א הַכֹּ֖ח לַהֲפֹכֽוֹ׃ וַיִּיטַ֖ב בְּעֵינֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיִּתֵּ֧ן מֵרְצֹנ֛וֹ וּמִכֹּח֖וֹ לְמִיכָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְּתַפֵּ֥שׂ מִיכָאֵ֖ל בְּכַף־רֶ֣גֶל בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֖יכֵהוּ אָֽרְצָה׃ וַיִּמְעַט֙ קֶ֣בֶר בֶּרְנַאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֥י כׇּל־גּוּפ֖וֹ לְכִבְשָׁן־אֵ֑שׁ פֶּ֥ן־הֵעִ֛יר דִּבָּ֖ה בְּדִ֥בְרֵי־פִֽיו׃ וַיִּרְמֹ֨ס יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֶת־הַזֵּ֛ד וַיֹּ֖אמֶר ל֑וֹ כִּ֕י הִנֵּ֖ה תְּהִ֥י אֵֽשׁ׃

Běrnāʾēl, the very proud, took clay of the earth, carried it and brought it before God. God looked upon the earth and contemplated while it trembled. God said: “Behold, the earth trembled seven years until the beginning of the jubilee. It will tremble thus beginning from today until the end of the years.” God looked upon Běrnāʾēl with anger and said: “Become fire.” He then said to the angel named Michael: “Take him by his foot, throw him down upon the earth, and slap him upon his cheek.” Michael said to God: “Give me the strength to overpower him.” God agreed and gave His favor and strength to Michael. Michael seized Běrnāʾēl’s foot and threw him down upon the earth. Běrnāʾēl’s grace became deficient, and his whole body became a furnace of fire because he aroused suspicion by the very words of his mouth. God crushed this insolent one and said to him: “Verily, thou shalt become fire.”

וַיֹּאמַ֑ר תְּנֵנִי־נָ֛א אֶת־הַחֹטְאִ֥ים וְהָעֹבְרִ֖ים אֶת־חֻקֶּ֥יךָ וּמִצְוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ לְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־שֹׁמְעִ֧ים לְמִצְוֹתֶ֛יךָ יִ֥הְיוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיהֶ֖ם כָּמ֑וֹנִי וָיְּשֻׁלְּמ֖וּ אִתִּֽי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֗הֵ לְמַ֙עַן֙ שְׁמִ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֥י בָּרָ֖אתִי אָדָ֑ם וַעֲשִׂיתִ֕יהוּ בְּאֶֽצְבְּעוֹתַ֖י הַקְּדוֹשִֽׁים׃ כׇּל־יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־לֹא־יִרְאֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁאֹ֑לָה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָסֻ֤רוּ מֵחַטֹּאותָם֙ בִּתְשׁוּבָה֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר יִמְרְד֥וּ בְּמִצְוֹתַ֖י יֵלְכ֥וּ עִמָּֽךְ׃ כׇּל־יִרְאֵ֤י שְׁמִי֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־לֹא־יִרְאֵ֥י שְׁמִ֖י יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁאֹ֑לָה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָסֻ֤רוּ מֵחַטֹּאותָם֙ בִּתְשׁוּבָה֙ יְחַיּ֔וּן וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר יִמְרְד֥וּ בְּמִצְוֹתַ֖י יֵלְכ֥וּ עִמָּֽךְ׃

[Běrnāʾēl] said: “Give me those who sinned, transgressing Thy laws and commandments. Let the souls of those who disobeyed Thy commandments become like mine, and may they be punished with me.” God said: “It is because of my Holy Name that I created man and made him with my holy fingers. They who fear my name will live; they who fear not my name will descend into Hell; they who turn from their sins and repent will live; they who revolt against my commandments will go with thee [into Hell].”

2. וַיִּבְרָ֞א יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֲד֤וֹן הַצֶּ֙דֶק֙ אֶת־אָדָ֔ם בְּצַלְמ֣וֹ כִּדְמוּת֔וֹ בְּאֵ֥שׁ וּבְמַ֖יִם וּבְר֥וּחַ וּבָאָֽבֶן׃ וַיַּ֣רְא יֶהִוַהֵ֮ אֶת־גּוּפוֹ֒ וְהִנֵּ֗ה עוֹד־לֹ֛א בָּאָ֥ה נַפְשׁ֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ מָה־רָעִ֖ים יָבֹ֥אוּ מִמֶּנּֽוּ׃ וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֖ת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִ֑יעִי מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ׃ וַיִּבְרָא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִ֔ישִׁי אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֖ל וְאֶת־כׇּל־צְבָאָֽיו׃ וַיִּבְרָא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֖ל וְאֶת־כׇּל־צְבָאָֽיו׃ וֶיהִוַ֗הֵ בָּרָא֙ אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹ֣ל וְאֶת־אִשָּׁ֔יו עַל־מַחְשְׁבֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם וְהִנֵּ֗ה יֶהִוַ֨הֵ בָּרָ֤א אֶת־הַשְּׁאֹל֙ כִּ֤י יֵ֙צֶר֙ לֵ֣ב הָאָדָ֔ם רַ֥ע מִנְּעֻרָ֖יו עַ֥ד־סוֹפָֽיו׃

2. God, the Lord of justice created Adam after his likeness, with the fire, water, wind, and stones. God saw his body, and his soul had not entered yet upon him. God said: “What bad things will come from him?” God ceased to work the seventh day. The third day He created Hell with all its hosts. The creation of Hell and its fire took place because of the deeds of man. In fact, God created Hell because man was bad from his youth until his end.

וַֽיִּפַּ֤ח בְּאַפָּיו֙ נִשְׁמַ֣ת חַיִּ֔ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לְנֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י יֱהֹוִֽה׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוָהֵ֙ אֶל־אָדָ֔ם לֵ֖ךְ וָשׁ֑וּב וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיָּֽשׇׁב׃ וַֽיִּשְׂמַ֨ח יֶהִוָ֜הֵ כִּ֗י אָדָם֙ הִ֣תְהַלֵּ֔ךְ בְּגַ֥ן הָעֲדָנִ֖ים לִשְׁמֹר֑וֹ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאֶחָ֖ד יֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֮אמֶר֮ יֶהִוָ֒הֵ֒ יֹאכַ֨ל גַּם־יִשְׂבַּ֜ע בְּפֵר֣וֹת הָעֵצִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר קַיָּמִ֤ים לָעַד֙ וְלֹ֣א יֹאבֵ֔דוּ וְגַ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם לֹא־יַעֲבֹ֖ד וְלֹ֣א יַשְׁקֶ֑ה וְגַם֙ נִמְצָ֣א פֵּרוֹתֵיהֶ֔ם כׇּל־שָׁ֖נָה וְשָׁנָֽה׃ פֵּרוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֤א יְכַלּוּ֙ עָלָ֔יו לֹ֥א יֹאבְד֖וּ הֲדָרָ֑יו וָשֳׁרָשָׁ֖יו לֹ֥א יִיבֵֽשׁוּ׃ כְּמוֹ־פְּרִ֕י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א יְכַלֶּ֖ה אׇרְח֥וֹת הֶאָדָֽם׃ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת בְּרָאֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵל֙ אַל־אֲדֹנָ֔יו תְּנֵהוּ־נָ֖א לִֽי׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֨ע אָדָ֜ם אֶת־שְׁאֵלָ֗תוֹ וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְּשֵׁ֣ם יֶהִוָ֮הֵ֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ אָבִ֣י אָבִ֗י קָד֤וֹשׁ ׀ קָדוֹשׁ֙ קָד֔וֹשׁ יֶהִוָ֥הֵ צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֶ֑ךָ לֹ֚א תָּמ֣וּג מַלְכוּתֶ֔ךָ וּדְבָרֶ֕יךָ לֹ֥א יִגְרְע֖וּ לְאֹ֥רֶךְ שָׁנִֽים׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֣ר יֶהִוָ֮הֵ֮ אֵלָ֣יו לֵאמֹר֒ לַ֤יְלָה וָיוֹם֙ לֹא־יִדֹּ֣ם פִּ֔יךָ בֹּ֥קֶר וָעֶ֖רֶב לֹ֣א יְכַלֶּ֑ה עַד־יְמַלֵּא֙ מִדָּת֔וֹ בַּעֵ֥ת הַתּוֹלֵעָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשֵׁנָֽה׃

Then God breathed into man the breath of life, and he became alive and stood before God, the Lord. God said to Adam: “Go and return.” And he went and returned. And God rejoiced that Adam walked in the Garden of Pleasure in order to guard it for forty-one days. And God said: “May he eat and be satiated by the fruit of the trees that perish not and remain forever, on which (man) works not nor waters, and finds fresh fruit every year… its fruit will not cease; its leaves perish not, its splendor [disappears not], and its roots dry not out. Like the fruit which ceases not are the ways of man.” But Adam transgressed the commandments of his Creator, and Běrnāʾēl said to his Lord: “Give him to me.” Adam heard his request and invoked the name of God, saying: “Father, Father, Holy, Holy, Holy, [Lord of] Sabaoth is Thy name. Thy kingdom is not dissolved, Thy word will not be denied for the duration of the years.” God said to him: “Night and day shall thy mouth not be silenced [from praise of God], morning and evening may it not cease until its measure be full at a time when the worm sleeps not.”

וַיַּ֖רְא יֶהִוַ֑הֵ כִּ֨י הָאָדָ֧ם עֹבֵ֛ר לַיְלָ֥ה וָי֖וֹם בְּי֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר בֶּרְנַאֵל֮ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנָי֒ תְּנֵ֤נִי נָא֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטָ֔א וַיַּעֲבֹ֥ר חֻקְּ֖ךָ וּמִצְוֹתֶ֑יךָ וַיִּ֖בֶז לִדְּבָרֶֽךָ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֵלָ֑יו אֶתֵּ֗ן כִּי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּ֤ז לִשְׁמִי֙ וְנָשָׂ֣א אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י יְשֻׁלַּ֥ם עִמְּךָ֖ שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ וַיֹּאמר֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל־אָדָ֑ם לֵ֕ךְ וַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אָדָם֙ וַ֣יַּעֲמֹ֔ד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֕י תְּנֵֽנִי־נָ֖א אֶת־שַׁבַּ֥ת הַקָּדֽוֹשׁ׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֖א בְּאֹ֣הֶל הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אַרְבָּעִ֥ים וְאֶחָ֖ד יֽוֹם׃

God saw that man transgressed night and day on the Sabbath… and Běrnāʾēl said: “O Lord, I beg Thee, give me the one who sinned, transgressing Thy law and commandments, and despised Thy word.” God said to him: “I give permission that he who despised my name and swore by my name be punished with thee in Hell.” The angels said to Adam: “Go and stand before God.” Adam stood before God [?] and said: “O Lord, give me the holy Sabbath.” He arrived in the tent of God and stood before God for forty-one days.

3. וַיַּפֵּל֩ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ תַּרְדֵּמָ֛ה עַל־הָאָדָ֖ם וַיִּישָׁ֑ן וַיִּקַּ֗ח אַחַת֙ מִצַּלְעֹתָ֔יו וַיִּסְגֹּ֥ר בָּשָׂ֖ר תַּחְתֶּֽנָּה׃ וַיִּ֩בֶן֩ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהִ֧ים ׀ אֶֽת־הַצֵּלָ֛ע אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֥ח מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיְבִאֶ֖הָ אֶל־הָֽאָדָֽם׃ וַיּתְּנֶ֙נָּה֙ עַ֣ל מִשְׁכָּב֔וֹ וַיָּ֥קׇם אָדָ֖ם מִ֣שֵּׁנָת֑וֹ וַיַּ֕רְא וַֽיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֘אמֶר֮ הָֽאָדָם֒ זֹ֣את הַפַּ֗עַם עֶ֚צֶם מֵֽעֲצָמַ֔י וּבָשָׂ֖ר מִבְּשָׂרִ֑י וַתְּהִ֣י ׀ לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר נָתַ֥ן יֶהִוַ֖הֵ עֶזְרָ֥ה כְּנֶגְדִּֽי׃

3. [And the Lord caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept; and He took one of his ribs] and closed up the ﬂesh thereof instead. And from the rib which the Lord had taken from man He made a woman and brought her unto man and placed her at his bedside. Adam woke up from his sleep, looked about, seized his wife, and said: “This is now bone of my bone and flesh of my ﬂesh; she will be my wife that God granted me to abide with me.”

וַיָּ֣קׇם הַנָּחָ֗שׁ בְּי֨וֹם שִׁשָּׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַֽיָּבֹ֥א אֵל־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֑הּ מַ֤ה נָתוּן֙ לָ֔ךְ וּמָ֥ה נֶאֱסַ֖ר מִמֵּֽךְ׃ וַתֹּ֥אמֶר הָֽאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ מִפְּרִ֥י עֵֽץ־הַגָּ֖ן נֹאכֵֽל׃ וּמִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַגָּן֒ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בּ֑וֹ פֶּן־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַנָּחָ֖שׁ אֶל־הָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה לֹֽא־מ֖וֹת תְּמֻתֽוּן׃ כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכׇלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י ט֥וֹב וָרָֽע׃ וַתֵּ֣רֶא הָֽאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּ֣י טוֹב֩ הָעֵ֨ץ לְמַאֲכָ֜ל וְכִ֧י תַֽאֲוָה־ה֣וּא לָעֵינַ֗יִם וְנֶחְמָ֤ד הָעֵץ֙ לְהַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַתִּקַּ֥ח מִפִּרְי֖וֹ וַתֹּאכַ֑ל וַתִּתֵּ֧ן גַּם־לְאִישָׁ֛הּ עִמָּ֖הּ וַיֹּאכַֽל׃ וַתִּפָּקַ֙חְנָה֙ עֵינֵ֣י שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֵּ֣דְע֔וּ כִּ֥י עֵֽירֻמִּ֖ם הֵֽם׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ אֶת־ק֨וֹל יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֱלֹהִ֛ים מִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בַּגָּ֖ן לְר֣וּחַ הַיּ֑וֹם וַיִּתְחַבֵּ֨א הָֽאָדָ֜ם וְאִשְׁתּ֗וֹ מִפְּנֵי֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ עֵ֥ץ הַגָּֽן׃ וַיִּקְרָ֛א יֶהִוַ֥הֵ אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶל־הָֽאָדָ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ אַיֶּֽכָּה׃ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אֶת־קֹלְךָ֥ שָׁמַ֖עְתִּי בַּגָּ֑ן וָאִירָ֛א כִּֽי־עֵירֹ֥ם אָנֹ֖כִי וָאֵחָבֵֽא׃ וַיִּ֤חַר אַף֙ יֶ֣הִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיִּשְׁלָחֵ֖ם מִגַּ֣ן הָעֲלִיָּ֑ה וַֽיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן מִקֶּ֖דֶם לְגַן־עֵֽדֶם׃

The serpent rose on the sixteenth day of the second month and came to the woman and said to her: “What did He allow you and what did He forbid you?” The woman said to the serpent: “We may eat [of all the fruit of the trees of the garden], but of the fruit of the tree [which is in the midst of the garden] God has said: ‘You shall not eat of it, lest you die.’” The serpent said: [“You shall not surely die,] for God knows that on the day you eat thereof your eyes shall be opened, and you shall know good and evil.” The woman saw the tree, took of the fruit thereof and did eat, and gave also to her husband. And they ate, and the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. And they heard God coming, and Adam and his wife hid themselves among [the trees of] the garden. And God said to Adam: “Where art thou?” And Adam said: “[I was afraid] because I was naked, and I hid myself.” God became angry and sent them forth from the Garden of ʾĒlyās and (Adam) stayed in front of Edom.

4. וַֽיֵּאָסְפ֣וּ כְּאֶחָ֗ד תִּשְׁעִ֨ים וָתֵ֤שַׁע מַלְאָכִים֙ הָרִ֣אשׁוֹנִ֔ים וַֽיְפָאֲר֖וּ וַֽיִּשְׁבְּח֣וּ בֶּיהִוַ֑הֵ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מַ֨ה־נִפְלָ֤א יְחִידֶ֙ךָ֙ וּמַ֣ה־עַזָּ֣ה מַלְכוּתֶ֔יךָ וְנִפְלָ֥את חׇכְמֹתֶ֖יךָ נֶעֶרָֽצָה׃ וַיֶּ֣חֶרְד֔וּ לְמַ֖עַן כְּב֥וֹד קוֹלֽוֹ׃ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא הַבּוֹרֵא֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנָ֔י הַתַּ֥ם וְהַיָּשָׁ֖ר וְהַחַ֑י בְּפִ֗יהֶם יְשַׁבְּח֤וּ וִיפָאֲרוּ֙ אֶת־קְדֻשַּׁ֣ת שְׁמֶ֔ךָ הֶהָיָ֥ה וְהַהוֹוֶ֖ה וְהַיִּהְיֶֽה׃

4. Ninety-nine archangels gathered together, praised and exalted God, and said: “Thy wholeness is marvelous, Thy kingdom is mighty, the marvelousness of Thy wisdom is venerable.” They trembled because of the majesty of His voice (and said): “Thou art the Creator of Heaven and earth, Thou, Lord, the excellent, the just, and the living; with their mouth they exalt and praise the divinity of Thy name that is and will be.”

וַ֣יַּעַמְדוּ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יֶהִוַ֤הֵ וַיֶּחֶרְד֔וּ וַֽיִּבְכּ֖וּ בְּכִיָּ֣ה מָרָ֑ה וַֽיְבַקְשׁ֖וּ לַחְמָֽם׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַמַּלְאָכִ֑ים הָעֲנָנִ֗ים יָבִ֤אוּ אֶת־לַחְמָם֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ וַאֲתֶּ֥ם תֹּאכְל֖וּ לָעֹלָֽם׃ וַֽיֹּאמְר֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אַל־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מָ֚ן ה֔וּא לַחְמְךָ֖ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֮הֵ֮ אֶל־הַמַּלְאָכִ֒ים֒ לַחְמִ֗י הַפְּאֵ֛ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְפָֽארוּ־בִ֖י כׇּל־בְּרִיא֑וֹת וְאֶתֵּ֣נָה הַגֶּ֔שֶׁם לֶ֖חֶם לְכׇל־בָּשָֽׂר׃

They stood before God, trembling and weeping bitterly, and asked for their food. God said to the angels: “The clouds will bring your food in its season, and you will eat forever.” The angels said to God: “What is Thy food, O Lord?” God said to the angels: “My food is the praise that all creatures bestow upon me, and I give the rain as food for all ﬂesh.”

וַתִּזְעַ֣ק הָאָ֗רֶץ וַתֵּבְךְּ֙ בְּכִיָּ֣ה מָרָ֔ה וַתֹּ֕אמֶר תָּמִ֥יד יְבֵשָׁ֖ה אָנֹ֑כִי תְּנֵֽנִּי־נָ֣א אֶת־הַגֶּ֔שֶׁם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בּוֹרְאֵֽנִי׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶת־זַעֲקַ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָעֲנָנִ֔ים לְכ֖וּ וְהֵבִ֥יאוּ גֶּֽשֶׁם׃ וַיָּקֻ֙מוּ֙ וַֽיֵּלְכ֔וּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַיָּרֻ֗צוּ וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת־מֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶל־הַמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר שַׁלְּחָֽם׃ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ ׀ ר֣וּחַ עַזָּ֗ה מִתַּ֤חַת לָעֲנָנִים֙ לַהֲפִיצָ֔ם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־הָעֲנָנִ֖ים תּוֹרִיד־נָ֣א הַמַּ֑יִם וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֕וּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַתֵּ֥שְׁתְּ הָאָ֖רֶץ וַתִּשְׂבָּ֑ע וַֽתִּבָּ֖רֵךְ אֶת־יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ אַ֥ב הַהוֹדָא֖וֹת אָד֣וֹן הַעֹלָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתָנָ֖נִי לַחְמִ֥י הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃ אֲפָאֲרָה֙ וַאֲכַבְּדָ֣ה אֶת־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ כִּי־לְךָ֥ נָאֶ֖ה לְהוֹד֥וֹת וּלְשַׁבֵּֽחַ׃ וַֽיּוֹפִ֨יעַ דֶּ֤שֶׁא יָרֹק֙ וַעֲצִ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְכׇל־ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְכׇל־בַּהֲמ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ שִׁבְּח֖וּהוּ כֻּלָּ֥ם יַחְדָּֽו׃

The earth shouted and wept bitterly and said: “I am always dry, give me rain, O Lord my Creator.” God heard the cry of the earth and said to the clouds: “Go and bring rain.” The clouds rose and went as God commanded them; they ran and took the waters of God to the place where He sent them. God drove a strong wind beneath the clouds to disperse them, and He said to the clouds: “Let the water go down.” They did as God commanded them. The earth drank, was satiated, and blessed God: “O Father of praise, Lord of the world who gave me my food, the rain. I praise and glorify God to whom it is fitting to give praise and thanks.” Then the green grass and the trees of the plain appeared; and all the birds of the sky and all the animals of the earth praised Him all together.

5. וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אָדָ֔ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ בְּשֵׁ֥ם חַוָּֽה׃ וַיָּ֙גׇר֙ בְּגַ֣ן הַלֵּדָ֔ה יָמִ֖ים רָבִּ֑ים וַ֖יּוֹלֵד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת׃ וּמִסְפַּ֥ר הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּשְׁעָ֑ה וּמִסְפָּ֥ר הַבָּנ֖וֹת תִּשְׁעִֽים׃ וַיָּ֥מׇת אָדָ֖ם בְּצֶ֑דֶק וַיָּ֥קׇם שֵׁ֖ת אַחֲרָֽיו׃ וַיָּ֖מׇת שֵׁ֑ת וַיָּ֛קׇם אֱנ֥וֹשׁ אַחֲרָ֖יו וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו קֵינָ֥ן וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו מַהֲלַלְאֵ֥ל וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו יֶ֥רֶד וַיָּֽמׇת׃ וַיָּ֥קׇם אַחֲרָ֖יו חֲנ֑וֹךְ וַחֲנ֖וֹךְ לֹ֥א מֵֽת׃ וַיְשִׂמֵ֤הוּ יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בְּגַ֣ן הַלֵּדָ֔ה מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר הֵנִ֥יס אֶת־אָדָֽם׃ וַחֲנ֖וֹךְ יִֽהְיֶה־שָׁ֑ם עַד־בִּיאָ֖ת הַגֹּאֵֽל׃

5. Adam made a… and he named his wife Eve. He stayed in (the Garden of) ʾĒldā numerous days and begat sons and daughters. The sons numbered nine and the daughters ninety. Adam died in justice and Seth succeeded him. Seth died, and Enosh succeeded him and then died. Kenan succeeded him and then died. Mahalalel succeeded him and died. Jared succeeded him and died. Enoch succeeded then and died not. God placed him in the Garden of ʾĒldā whence He had driven Adam. And Enoch will be there until the Savior comes.

6. זֶ֚ה סֵ֣פֶר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּגְדֻלָּ֕ה וּכְב֥וֹד הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְקַדֵּ֤שׁ יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַֽיּפָאֲרָ֥הּ וַֽיּבָרְכָ֖הּ בְּר֥וּחַ הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ וַ̇יְרוֹמְמָהּ֙ וַיְפָ֣אֲרָ֔הּ הָאָד֕וֹן כְּכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לִבְרִיאוֹתָ֑יו הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְהָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַֽיְכַל֙ מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּ֣וֹ הַיַּמִּ֔ים וַיִּשְׁבֹּ֖ת בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וַיְכַנְּנֶ֖הָ הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיְבָ֧רֶךְ יֶהִוַ֛הֵ אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה קִדְשׁ֖וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַ֑הֵ נָגִ֥ילָה וְנִשְׂמְחָ֖ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ עִבְד֤וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַהֵ֙ בְּשַׁבָּ֔ת וְלָמָּ֥ה תַּעֲבֹ֖דוּ וְלָמָּ֣ה תִּגָּ֑עוּ כִּ֣י יֶהִוַ֗הֵ שָׁבַ֤ח וַֽיְפָאֵר֙ וַיְקַדֵּ֔שׁ אֶת־הַיּ֖וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ אַחֲרֵ֥י מוֹתְךָ֖ מַ֥ה תֹּאמֵֽרוּ׃ בַּיּ֖וֹם הַה֑וּא ה֨וּא יוֹרִידְכֶ֧ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־שָׁבְת֥וּ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת שְׁאֹלָה׃ וְהִ֤שְׁלִיכְכֶם֙ כִּבְשָׁ֣נָה הָאֵ֔שׁ וְהוֹלִיכְכֶ֕ם עַד־אֲשֶׁ֥ר הַתּוֹלֵעָ֖ה לֹ֣א יְשֵׁנָ֑ה וְהָאֵ֖שׁ לֹ֥א דּוֹעָֽכֶת׃ שָׁ֗ם תִּשָּׁפֵ֞ךְ אֵ֤שׁ הַכִּבְשָׁן֙ עַל־הַחַטָּאִ֣ים וְעַל־הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻג֖וֹת יוּמַ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה וְלֹ֥א יָנ֖וּמוּ וְלֹ֥א יִשָּֽׁנוּ׃ וַֽיּוֹצִיאֲכֶ֖ם יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽיִּתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְאֶת־רֹא֥שׁ הַחֹדֶֽשׁ׃ וּמָדְד֧וּ לְךָ֛ שְׁלֹ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה בְּמִדָּתֶ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֖ר מַדֹּתֶֽם׃

6. This is the Book of Israel, concerning the greatness and the glory of the Sabbath of Israel. God sanctified the Sabbath, glorified it, and blessed it through the Holy Spirit. The Lord exalted and glorified it as He did all of His creation: the heavens and the earth. He finished His work in (six) days and rested on the seventh day and established it as the Sabbath. Therefore God blessed the seventh day and kept it holy, as He said: “Sanctify God on this day, let us be glad and rejoice on this day. Serve God on the Sabbath. Why then should you work and busy yourselves when God exalted, glorified, and sanctified this day? After your death, what excuse will you use? On that day, He will send into Hell those of you who did not rest on the Sabbath. He will cast you into the fiery furnace and will lead you where the worm sleeps not and the fire is never quenched. There the fiery furnace will be poured out upon the sinners and the wicked, without pause, day and night; they will neither lie down nor ever sleep. God brought you and gave you the Sabbath and the New Moon. They will measure out to you thirteen (times more) with the measure you used.”

וְשָֽׂמְחָ֔ה צִדְקַ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם עִ֖ם שַׁבַּ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וְקָ֤ם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִשִּׁבְתָּ֔הּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וְיָרַ֧ד רֽוּחַ־יֶהִוַ֛הֵ בֵּין־שִׁבְעַ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעָֽלָה׃ וְהִ֣מְלִיכ֗וּהָ מַלְאָכִ֤ים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים֙ אֶת־שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וּפָשׁ֥וּ בִּרְנָנָ֖ה כֹּהֲנֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וּבָ֖א ר֣וּחַ יֶהִוַ֑הֵ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִֽית׃ וְהִמְלִיכ֗וּהָ תֵּשַׁ֧ע רִבּ֛וֹא מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶת־שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְיַרְדּ֖וּהָ מִֽמְּרוֹמִֽים׃ וּלְמַעֲנָ֡הּ הַכֹּ֣ל יִשְׂמְח֣וּ כַּ֠עֲגָלִ֠ים וְשָׂ֨מְח֤וּ כׇּל־מַלְאֲכֵי֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְמַ֥עַן הַגְּדֻלָּ֖ה וְהַתִּפְאָ֑רֶת וּכְב֖וֹד שַׁבַּ֥ת יִהְוֶֽה׃ וַאֲהָב֖וּהָ נִשְׁמ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֑ים לְמַ֥עַן תְּבִיאֵ֖ם מִשְּׁאֽוֹל׃ זוֹכְרִ֖ים אֶת־רָעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ בַּשַּׁבַּ֥ת יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֹן֮ וְיִתְפַּלֵּל֒ וְיִתֵּ֨ן צְדָקָ֜ה בַּשַּׁבָּ֗ת וּבַיּ֨וֹם רֹ֤אשׁ הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ לְשַׁבַּ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּת֔וֹת יִסְלַ֖ח חַטֹּאותָ֑ם וְגַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֞ר לֹ֨א מְבַקְּשִׁ֤ים נְקָמָה֙ עַ֣ל רֵעֵ֔יהֶם וְלֹ֥א שָׂמִ֖ים כַּ֥עַס בְּלִבָּֽם׃

God’s justice [?] will rejoice in Heaven with the Sabbath of Israel. The Sabbath will rise from her seat on Friday at dawn; the spirit of God will descend through the seven heavens and will then rise. Then the archangels will crown the Sabbath of God, and the priests of Heaven will leap for joy. The spirit of God will come on Friday at the ninth hour. Ninety thousand angels will crown the Sabbath of God and will bring her down from on high. Because of her all will rejoice like calves, and all the angels of Heaven will be glad because of the greatness, the splendor, and the glory of the Sabbath of God. The Sabbath will look upon the souls of the just in the garden, and they will rejoice on Friday. He who observes, His laws, commandments, and the statutes of the judgment that God has given them upon the earth [will inherit eternal] life. The spirit of God will come into the garden, and the just will rejoice greatly because of the Sabbath of God. The souls of the sinners will love her in order that she may bring them out of Sheol. [They are afﬂicted] remembering the evil they did on the Sabbath of God. He who shows mercy, prays, and gives aims on the Sabbath and on the day of the New Moon of the seventh Sabbath will have his sins forgiven, as will he who seeks not revenge upon others and places not resentment in his heart.

לֹֽא־תָּרִ֥יבוּ וְלֹֽא־תּוֹכִ֖יחוּ בְּשַׁבַּתִּ֑י אֲנִ֖י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ הִתְפַּלְּלוּ֙ לֶיהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ ׀ אֲשֶׁ֧ר בָּכֶ֛ם חֲטָאִ֖ים וּמוּמִ֑ים וּבַשַּׁבָּ֖ת תִּוָּשֵֽׁעוּ׃ כׇּל־מְכַבֵּ֥ד הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְהַמּוֹעֲדִ֑ים יְכַבְּדֵ֥הוּ בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃

Thou shalt not argue or dispute on my Sabbath. I am God. Pray to God, your Lord, you who have sins and faults, and you will be saved through the Sabbath. He who honors the Sabbath and the festivals, God will honor him in Heaven.

כָּאֳנִיָּ֤ה מְלֵאָה֙ וְאֵ֣ין יְנִיע֔וּהָ לְרֹ֥ב כֵּלֶ֖יהָ בָּ֑הּ וְאִ֕ם חֽוֹתְרִים־בָּ֖הּ כִּצְבִ֥י תָּרֽוּץ׃ כֵּ֚ן יוּקַ֔ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֧ר ל֛וֹ רֹ֥ב חַטָּאִ֖ים מוּמִ֣ים וַעֲבֵר֑וֹת וּמְרַחֵ֥ם וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל לֶיהִוַ֥הֵ בְּשַׁבָּֽת׃

Like a laden ship which none can move for the greatness of the goods therein but which when steered runs like a deer, even so will he be eased who has many sins, faults, and misdeeds but who showed mercy and prayed on the Sabbath of God.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אֶל־מִ֤יכָאֵל֙ הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן לֵךְ־רֵ֖ד שְׁאֹ֑לָה לְמַ֖עַן מְנוּחַ֥ת הַשַׁבָּֽת׃ וְכִ֨י־תָּק֤וּם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִיְּמִ֣ין יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בַּבֹּ֑קֶר קָמִ֧ים הַמַּלְאָכִ֛ים עִם־הַשַׁבָּ֖ת וּמַמְלִיכֶֽיהָ׃ וּמְשַׁבְּחֶ֥יהָ וּמְפָאֲרֶ֖יהָ וּמְכַבְּדֶ֑יהָ וִירֵאִ֥ים וַחֲרֵדִ֖ים מְאֹֽד׃ וְיוֹרְדִ֖ים מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֑יִם בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בָּעָֽרֶב׃ וְר֨וּחַ יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אוֹמֵ֣ר אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֗ל לֵ֥ךְ־רֵד֙ שְׁאֹ֔לָה לְמַעַ֛ן מְנוּחַ֥ת הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת נִבְחָרִ֑י לַהֲבִיאָם֙ אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁאֹ֔ל בְּשָׁעָ֣ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֔ית בָּעֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ וּמִיכָאֵ֣ל יוֹרֵד֮ שְׁאֹ֒לָה֒ וְהַמַּ֣לְאָכִ֗ים בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בָּעָ֑רֶב עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ תִּשְׁעָ֥ה רִבּ֖וֹא מַלְאָכִ֣ים רִאשׁוֹנִ֑ים וְרִיבֵ֥י רִבְב֖וֹת צְבָא֥וֹת עִמּֽוֹ׃ וְהֵם֙ יוֹרְדִ֣ים שְׁאֹ֔לָה לַהֲבִיאָ֖ם אֶת־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י בְּשָׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִֽית׃ וַיִּתְּנ֙וּהוּ֙ מְנוּחָ֔ה לְנַפְשׁ֖וֹת אָדָ֑ם עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ וְכִ֗י יוֹצְאִ֕ים כֵּ֥ן יְשַׁמֵּ֖ם שְׁאֹ֑ל כְּאִשָּׁ֧ה עֲזוּבָ֛ה וְגַם־אַ֖יִן בְּגֵּ֥יהִנּֽוֹם׃

God said to the archangel Michael: “Go down to Sheol for the sake of the Sabbath rest.” When the Sabbath rises from the right hand of God, Friday at dawn, the angels rise immediately with the Sabbath and crown her. While they praise, glorify, and honor her, they fear and tremble greatly. They descend from the heavens on Friday at the ninth hour of the evening. The spirit of God says to Michael: “Go down into Sheol for the sake of the rest of the Sabbath, my appointed one, in order to bring out those who are in Sheol.” Michael thereupon descends into Sheol with the angels on Friday at the ninth hour until the following Sabbath morning. Ninety thousand archangels and thousands and myriads of their hosts are with him. They descend into Sheol to bring out those who are in it, beginning on Friday at the ninth hour. The angels give rest to the souls of men until Sunday morning. When they leave Sheol remains desolate, like an abandoned wife; even so is Hell empty.

כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֗ר לֹ֨א שׁוֹמְרֵ֤י הַשַּׁבָּת֙ וְהַ֣מּוֹעֲדִ֔ים וְרָאשֵׁ֥י הַחֹדֶ֖שׁ וְהַחַטָּאִ֑ים הִנֵּה֙ תֹּאכֲלֵ֣נוּ הַתּוֹלַ֔עַת וּבִשְׁא֖וֹל יִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ וַיִּזְעֲק֖וּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַ֨ל־תַּ֤עַזְבֵנוּ֙ מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י לְבָדֵ֖ינוּ נִשְׁאָֽרוּ׃ וַֽיִּשְׁמַ֨ע מִ֤יכָאֵל֙ אֶת־קִינ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֔ים וְדִ֖בְרֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אַ֥יֵּכֶֽם׃ וַיַּ֧עַן אֶל־מִֽיכָאֵ֛ל כִּי־מְחַנֶּ֥קֶת גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם אֶת־גְּרוֹנֵ֑נוּ וְלֹ֥א נְדָבֵּ֖רָה עִמֶּֽךָ׃ וְנֶ֥פֶשׁ אָמַ֖ר אֶל־מִ֣יכָאֵ֑ל כִּ֛י הִצְרִ֥יעָה גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם אֶת־גְּרוֹנֵֽנוּ׃

They who observe not the Sabbath, the festivals, and the New Moon, and the (other) sinners, are eaten by worms and remain in Sheol. They shout, saying: “Abandon us not, O Michael; we remain alone.” When Michael hears the lamentations and the words of the sinners, he says to them: “Where are you?” They answer Michael: “Hell has strangled our throats so that we may not speak with thee.” [Another] soul says to Michael: “Hell has scaled our throats.”

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מִ֣יכָאֵ֑ל לֵ֗ךְ וְהוֹצִ֨יא אֶת־נַפְשׁ֤וֹת הַצַּדִּיקִים֙ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַגַּ֔ן בַּשָּׁעָ֥ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֖ית בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ וַֽיֵּ֣לֶךְ מִיכָאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיֶּאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַצַּדִּיקִ֑ים וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיֹּאמֶ֣ר יֶהִוַהֵ֮ בְּרוּכִ֣ים אַתֶּם֒ וַֽיְבָרֲכֵ֗ם אָדוֹן֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְהָאָ֔רֶץ וַ֨יִּתֵּ֤ן עֲלֵיהֶם֙ חֵ֣ן וָחֶ֔סֶד וַֽיַּלְבִּשֵׁ֖ם בְּבִגְדֵ֣י חַיִּ֑ים וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם אֶל־מַלְכ֥וּת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וְלַצַּדִּיקִ֞ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לֹ֣א חָטָ֗אוּ בְּצֵ֤את נַפְשָׁם֙ מִבְּשָׂרָ֔ם יְקַבְּצֵ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְצִדְק֑וֹ וְנִרְאֶ֤ה לָהֶם֙ בִּכְבֹד֔וֹ וְהֵאִ֧ירוּ פְּנֵיהֶ֛ם כְּא֥וֹר הַחַמָּ֖ה שִׁבְעָתָֽיִם׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר חָזְר֜וּ אֶל־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ וְשָׁ֙בוּ֙ מֵחַ֣טֹּאותָ֔ם מַרְאֵיהֶ֖ם כְּמַרְאֶ֣ה הַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וּכְמַרְאֶה֙ מַזָּ֣ל הַכְּסִ֔יל וּכְמַרְאֶ֖ה הַבָּזָֽק׃

God said to Michael: “Go and bring the souls of the just into the garden, at the ninth hour on Friday!” Michael went as God commanded him. He gathered the souls of the just and brought them before God. God said: “Be blessed,” and the Lord of Heaven and earth blessed them, gave them favor and grace, dressed them in garments of life, and brought them into the Heavenly Kingdom. And as for those of the just who had committed no sins when their souls left the body, God gathers them each according to His justice; He appears to them in His glory while their faces shine seven times brighter than the sun. Those who turned to God and repented of their sins have the appearance of the stars, of Orion, and of the lightning.

וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ שַׁבַּ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֲדֹנָ֛י שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָ֖רֶץ לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵבֵאתִ֤יךָ אֶת־הַמַּאֲמִינִים֙ בִּ֣י וּבְךָ֔ וְחֽוּסָה־נָ֥א עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַעֲנִֽי׃ וַיַּ֤עַן יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אֲרַחֵ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַעֲנַ֑יִךְ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֣ם מִפָּנָ֔יו בְּלֹ֥א בוּשָׁ֖ה וּבְלֹ֥א כְלִמָּֽה׃

The Sabbath of Israel said to God, the Lord of Heaven and earth: “I brought Thee those who believe in me and Thee, show mercy to them for my sake.” God answered the Sabbath: “I pity them for thy sake,” and He sent them away without shame or humiliation.

אֵ֥ין חֵ֛לֶק לְבֶן־אָדָ֖ם בְּגַ֣ן עֵ֑דֶן כִּי־אִ֥ם יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וּשְׁכִינָתֽוֹ׃ הֲלֹ֣א ׀ הִ֣יא נַחֲלַ֗ת מְשַׁ֨מְּרֵ֤י גּוּפָיו֙ בְּטׇהֳרָ֔ה לַ֥בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹא־יָ֣דַע אִ֑ישׁ וְלַאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־יָדַע֙ אִשָּׁ֔ה מִנְּעוּרָיו֙ עַד־ס֣וֹף יוֹמָ֔יו וְלֹ֥א לָקַ֖ח אִשָּֽׁה׃

There is no seat for anyone in Paradise save by (the will of) God, by His Holy Spirit. It is destined for those who kept their body in purity, for the virgin who knew not a man, and for the man who knew not a woman from his youth until the end of his days and who married not.

כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם יָבִ֣יאוּ קְטֹ֗רֶת לִפְנֵי֙ כִּסֵּ֣א כְּבוֹד֔וֹ בְּכׇל־זְמַ֥ן תָּמִ֖יד מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻג֑וֹת וַיֹּאמֶ֨ר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ בֹּאַכֶ֣ם בַּמֶּרְחָ֗ב אֶל־תּוֹךְ֙ מַלְכ֣וּת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַתֶּ֤ם אַנְשֵׁי־צֶ֙דֶק֙ וְטׇהֳרֵ֣י־גּ֔וּף שׁוֹמְרֵ֛י מֵעָ֥שׁוֹת־חֵ֖טְא וְצוֹפֵ֥י־נָפְשֵׁיכֶֽם׃ בֹּא֛וּ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־בָּכֶ֖ם חֻצְפּ֥וֹת וְתַהְפּוּכֽוֹת׃

The priests of Heaven bring incense before His holy throne at all times, without pause, and God says: “Enter with them openly into the Heavenly Kingdom, you, men just and pure in body (who keep) from committing sins, and watch over your souls. Come, you who are in no respect willful or perverse.”

כִּי֩ יָבֹ֨א י֤וֹם יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ הָאַחֲר֔וֹן בְּת֥וֹךְ רָ֖עַשׁ וּבְרָקִ֑ים וְה֣וּא יוֹשֵׁ֗ב עַל־שְׁנֵ֨ים עָשָׂ֤ר כִּסְּאוֹתָיו֙ לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט ה֛וּא יַ֥עֲשֶׂה־חֶ֖סֶד בְּכׇל־אוֹהֲבָֽיו׃ כָּאָמ֞וּר בְּסֵ֣פֶר מִשְׁפָּט֗וֹ כׇּל־שֹׁמֵ֤ר שַׁבָּת֙ מֵֽחַלְּל֔וֹ וּמַחֲזִיקִ֖ים בִּבְרִיתִ֑י וַהֲבִיאוֹתִ֞ים אֶל־הַ֣ר קׇדְשִׁ֗י וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית תְּפִלָּתִ֔י עוֹלֹתֵיהֶ֧ם וְזִבְחֵיהֶ֛ם לְרָצ֖וֹן עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִֽי׃

When God comes on the last day in the midst of earthquakes and thunderbolts, seated upon His twelve thrones to judge, He will be faithful to those who love Him. As He said in the Book of the Law: “All those who keep my Sabbath and profane it not are my chosen sacrifice and offerings.”

וְטַ֙עַם֙ שַׁבָּ֔ת ה֖וּא כִּי־אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ לֹ֚א הַיּ֔וֹם אַ֖ךְ אֲנִ֣י ה֑וּא נְאֻ֖ם־יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃

Sabbath means: I am God. “It is not the day, but I (who say it),” says God.

וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָצְא֣וּ מִשְּׁאוֹל֒ בִּגְרוֹנָ֤ם אֲסוּרִים֙ בְּכַ֣בְלֵי אֵ֔שׁ וְהַנְּפָשׁ֕וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֱבִיאָ֖ם מִיכָאֵ֑ל הִנֵּ֨ה בּוֹרְחִ֤ים וְרָצִים֙ וְלֹ֣א יָנ֔וּחוּ בֵין־י֖וֹם וּבֵ֥ין־לָֽיְלָה׃ וַֽיַּשִּׂ֞גוּ נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֱבִיאָ֤ם מִֽיכָאֵל֙ מִשְּׁא֔וֹל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י עַד־יַ֣רְכְּתֵי אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵ֧ם אוֹמְרִ֣ים בִּלְבָבָ֗ם כִּי־ע֖וֹד אֵינָ֥ם לָשֽׁוּב׃ וַֽיְבִיאֵ֣ם מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל מֵא֥וּר הַכִּבְשָׁ֖ן אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֣א יִכְבֶּ֑ה וַֽיָּרֻ֛צוּ קֵ֥דְמָה וְיָ֖מָּה וְנֶ֥גְבָּה וּצְפֽוֹנָה׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מִֽיכָאֵל֙ אֶל־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחַטָּאִ֔ים לְכֽוּ־לָכֶ֖ם מִיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַיֵּלְכ֛וּ י֥וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֖י כְּמִצְוַ֥ת יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃

The men who came out of Sheol, with their necks tied in chains of fire, and the souls that Michael brought out, flee and run and rest neither day nor night. The souls of the sinners that Michael brought out of Sheol on Friday reach the limits of Heaven and earth, and it seems to them that they will never more return. Michael brings them out of the fiery furnace that is never quenched, and they run from east to west, to the south and to the north. And Michael says to the souls of the sinners: “Come, beginning Friday,” and they move on Friday by God’s order.

וְט֕וֹב הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּא֖ת מֵרֵעַ֣ת שְׁא֑וֹל וְט֕וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֧ר שַׁבָּ֛ת וְי֥וֹם רֹאשׁ־הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ מֵרֶ֥דֶת שְׁאֹֽלָה׃ אַ֣ךְ אִ֣ם נִשְׁמֹר֮ מְנוּחַ֣ת שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַהֵ֒ וְלֹ֗א נִ֨תְפַּלֵּ֤ל וְנַעֲבֹד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ הָעוֹלָ֔ם כׇּל־י֥וֹם וָלַ֖יְלָה שָׁעָ֣ה בְּשָׁעָ֑ה אִם־כֵּן מִי יְסַפֵּר רָעַת גֵּיהִנּוֹם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה׃

This punishment is preferable to Sheol, and it is better to keep the Sabbath and the day of the New Moon than to go down into Sheol. If we observe the rest on the Sabbath of God, without praying to and worshiping the celestial King, day and night, at every hour, who will tell the punishment of Hell in this world?

מַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם אוֹמְרִ֗ים
קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ צְבָא֑וֹת
מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃
צִבְא֥וֹת הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים יְשַׁבְּח֣וּהוּ וְאוֹמְרִ֑ים
בֶּן־אָדָ֤ם בֶּן־אֲדָמָה֙ שָׁד֔וּד
וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָמ֖וּת יְנַצֵּ֥חַ לָנֶֽצַח׃
הַ֤לְּלוּ יָהּ֙ הַ֣לְּלוּ יָ֔הּ הַ֖לְּלוּ יָ֑הּ
יִתְקַדָּ֛שׁ וְיִתְהַלָּ֥ל וְיִתְגַּדָּ֖ל לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃

The angels of Heaven say:
“Holy, Holy, Holy, the Lord of Sabaoth;
The whole earth is full of Thy praise.
The hosts of the angels praise Him and say:
The human kind, the earthy one, is vanquished
He who dies not forever is victor.
Hallelujah, Hallelujah, Hallelujah!
He is holy, praised, and glorified forever.”

7. אֵ֚לֶּה מִצְוֹ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר כָּתַ֣בְתִּי לָ֑ךְ וְכׇל־חֻקִּ֥י הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּמִשְׁפָּטֶֽיהָ׃ שֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כׇּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ׃ וְיוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ

7. These are the commandments of the Sabbath that I Wrote for thee, and all the laws and prescriptions of the Sabbath.

לֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֨ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָ֣ וּבִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ כׇּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃

Six days shalt thou labor, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord, your God. In it you shall do no work, neither you, nor your women, nor your sons, nor your daughters, nor your menservants, nor your maidservants, nor your cattle, nor your family, not the strangers that are with you. He who labors in it shall die.

כׇּל־הַ֣מְּחַלֵּ֔ל בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃

He who profanes this day [shall die].

כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹכֵ֣ב עִם־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת יוּמָֽת׃

He who lies with his wife on the Sabbath shall die.

כׇּל־הַמִּ֨תְוַכֵּ֜חַ וְהַמְּדַבֵּ֣ר בְּקוֹל־רָ֗ם וְהַ֤מְקַבֵּשׁ֙ רִ֔יב כׇּל־הַמּוֹכֵ֖ר וְהַ֣קּוֹנֵ֑ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃

He who argues or speaks aloud or seeks a quarrel, he who buys or sells on that day, shall die.

כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹאֵ֤ב מַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּעְיַ֣ן חַיִּ֔ים וְכׇל־הָרָבִ֥ים וְהַמְּקַלְּלִ֖ים וְהַמְּחַלְּלִ֑ים בַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃

He who draws water from a streaming spring or who argues or curses or blasphemes on that day shall die.

כׇּל־הַמֵּנִ֨יחַ מֵעָשׁ֜וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֗י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֕ר יֹאכַ֥ל וְיִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְיִתֵּ֑ן כׇּל־הַשּׁוֹכֵ֖ב יוּמַֽת׃

He who prepares not on Friday what he will eat, drink, or give [on the Sabbath], who lies… shall die.

כׇּל־הַנּוֹשְׂאֵ֣י מַשָּׂ֔א כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ לוֹקֵ֣חַ מֵאׇהֳל֔וֹ וּמֵבִ֥יא בּ֖וֹ יוּמַֽת׃

He who carries anything, who takes something from his tent or brings something into it, shall die.

כׇּל־מְלָאכָ֣ה וְכׇל־עֲבוֹדָ֔ה לֹא־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ בַּשַּׁבָּ֑ת כִּי־אִ֥ם עָשִׂ֖יתָ בַּשִּׁשִּֽׁי׃ שַׁבָּ֣ת ׀ הִ֣יא הַיּ֗וֹם לֶאֱכֹ֤ל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת֙ וְלִשְׂבֹּ֔עַ וּלְהִתְמַלֵּ֣א בְּמַשְׁקֶ֔ה וְלָנ֧וּחַ וְלִלְמֹ֛ד וְלִשְׁכַּ֥ב וְלִשְׁקֹ֖ט וְלִשְׂמֹ֣חַ וְלִסְג֑וֹד וְלִרְחֹ֖ק מֵעָשׁ֥וֹת כׇּל־מְלָאכָֽה׃

You shall do no work whatever on the Sabbath but (use) that which you prepared [on Friday]. Sabbath is the day on which to eat, to drink, to be satiated, to be filled with drink, to rest… to study, to lie down, to be quiet, to celebrate, and to worship without doing any work.

וַֽ֠יְבָרְכֵ֠הוּ יֶהִוַ֨הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַן־לָ֗ךְ כְּי֤וֹם מוֹעֵד֙ וְי֣וֹם עֵדָ֔ה כְּי֥וֹם קָד֖וֹשׁ וְי֣וֹם מְבֹרָ֑ךְ לְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְכׇל־הַיַּמִּֽים׃ כִּ֥י גָּדוֹל֙ פְּעֻלַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖ן לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֶאֱכֹ֛ל וְלִשְׁתּ֥וֹת וְלִשְׂבֹּ֖עַ וּלְהִתְמַלֵּ֥א בְּמַשְׁקֶֽה׃ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה מִ֣קְרָא קֹ֗דֶשׁ לִשְׁבּוֹת֙ מִכׇּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת אָדָ֔ם ח֚וּץ מִלְּהַקְרִ֤יב זְבָחִים֙ וּקְטֹרֶ֔ת וְקׇרְבָּ֥ן וּמִנְּחָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ בְּשַׁבָּת֥וֹת וּבְמוֹעֲדִ֖ים וּבְי֥וֹם רֹאשׁ־הַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ אֶת־כׇּל־זֶ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֣וּן בַּשַּׁבָּ֑ת בְּמִקְדַּשׁ֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֖עַן יְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ קׇרְבָּנִים֙ בְּמ֣וֹעֲדֵיכֶ֔ם כְּצִוָּ֥ה עָלֶ֖יךָ בְּכׇל־י֣וֹם וָי֑וֹם לְאַזְכָּרָ֧ה לְהַקְרִ֛יב לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לִרְצוֹֽנוֹ׃

God, your Lord, blessed [that day] that He gave you as a festival, a day of government [?], a holy day, and a blessed day. [He gave it] to all Israel, for all your days. For great is the deed of God who gave to Israel (that day on which) to eat, to drink, to be satiated, and to be filled with drink. This day is a festival, to rest from all human labor save the bringing of sacrifices, incense, offerings, and gifts before God on the Sabbaths, the festivals, and the day of the New Moon. You shall do this on the Sabbath in the sanctuary of God, your Lord, in order that He may forgive Israel. The offerings (shall be brought) at your festivals, as He commanded you, one day after another, as a memorial offered before God, who will accept them…

כׇּל־עוֹבֵ֨ד בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֜י כׇּל־יוֹצֵ֣א ׀ וְהוֹלֵ֣ךְ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וְעוֹבֵד֙ בְּשָׁדֵ֣הוּ וּבְבֵית֔וֹ וּמְבַעֵ֥ר אֵ֖שׁ וְיוֹשֵׁ֥ב בַּשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

He who works on my Sabbath, travels or goes on a journey, does any work in his field or in his house, kindles the fire, sits in the sun [shall die].

כׇּל־מַרְאֶ֥ה שִׂנְאָ֖ה וּמְקַלֵּ֑ל וְנִשְׁבָּ֥ע וְרִ֖יב יוּמָֽת׃

He who shows hatred or curses or swears or strives shall die.

כׇּל־רוֹכֵ֣ב בַּבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְנוֹסֵ֖עַ בָּאֳנִיָּ֑ה כׇּל־מַכֶּ֛ה וְהוֹרֵ֥ג וְזוֹנֶ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃

He who rides on any beast or travels on a boat, he who strikes or kills or fornicates, shall die.

כׇּל־שׁוֹחֵ֤ט בְּהֵמָה֙ וְה֣וֹרֵג ע֔וֹף וְתוֹפֵ֖ס חַיּ֑וֹת בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֖י יוּמָֽת׃

He who slaughters a beast or kills a bird or catches animals on my Sabbath shall die.

כׇּל־צָ֥ם בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת יוּמָֽת׃

He who fasts on the Sabbath shall die.

כׇּל־עוֹשֶׂ֛ה כׇל־מְלָאכָ֥ה בְּשַׁבָּתִּ֖י יוּמַֽת׃ וְקִדְּשׁוּ֩ בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וְשָׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת כְּכׇל־הַמִּצְוֹ֤ת כַּכָּתוּב֙ עַל־שְׁנֵ֣י הַלֻּח֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַן־לִ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֶכְתֹּ֣בָה תּוֹרָתֶ֔ךָ מֵעַתָּ֖ה וּבְכׇל־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃

He who does any manner of work on my Sabbath shall die. Thus shall the children of Israel be holy and celebrate the Sabbath according to the commandments as they are written on the two tables which God gave to me that I might write down the law for thee from now on and throughout all the generations.

וַתֹּ֥אמֵר שַׁבָּ֖ת לֶיהִוַ֑הֵ הַאֲזֵ֤ן אֵלִי֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י רַ֖ק דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ הָיִ֣יתִי עִמְּךָ֗ בָּעֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָצַ֖רְתָּ אֶת־הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתְּכוֹנֵ֣ן אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ עַל־הַצּ֖וּר בְּחׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ כׇּל־הַבְּרוּאִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבַיָּ֔ם וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבַנְּחָרִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֥ם נִבְרְא֖וּ בְּחׇכְמָתֶֽךָ׃ אָנָּ֨א אֲדֹנָ֜י תְּנֵ֣נִי־נָ֗א וְאַל־תִּשְׁלָחֵ֙נִי֙ לָרְשָׁעִ֣ים וְלַמַּלְשִׁינִ֔ים וְלַמְּרִיבִ֖ים וְלַבּוֹגְדִֽים׃ אַל־תִּגְרְשֵׁ֡נִי לַאֲשֶֽׁר־בִּ֣י ׀ בְּרֻקָּ֣ם מַכִּ֗ים וְלַאֲשֶׁר֩ תַּ֨חַת הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ יֹשְׁבִ֗ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א רֹחֲצִ֔ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־נְקֵבָ֖ה שֹׁכְבִ֑ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֲלִיכוֹתָם֙ לֹא־מְטַ֣הֲרִ֔ים וְלַֽאֲשֶׁר־לֹ֖א מִתְכַּסִּֽים׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֤ר רֻקַּם֙ מַשְׁלִיכִ֔ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אִשֵּׁיהֶ֖ם מַדְלִיקִ֑ים וְלַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְוֹתַ֖י לֹ֥א מְקַבְּלִֽים׃ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֨ר נְשֵׁיהֶ֜ם הִנָּ֣ן ׀ אֶת־בְּצֵקָ֣ן לָשׁ֗וֹת וְאֹ֤כֶל מְבַשְּׁלוֹת֙ וּמַ֣יִם שֹׁאֲבֹ֔ת וּבַמַּכְתֵּ֖שׁ כֹּתְשׁ֑וֹת וּבְק֤וֹל גָּדוֹל֙ זֹעֲק֔וֹת וְאֶת־מִצְוֹתַ֣י נֹטְשׁ֔וֹת וְאֶת־

Sabbath said to God: “Hearken to me, O Lord, (and let me say) but one word. I was with Thee when Thou didst create the Heaven and didst establish the earth upon the rocks with Thy wisdom. Every creature in Heaven, in the sea, on the dry land, and in the rivers was created by Thy wisdom. O Lord, give me Thy consent and send me not to the unjust, the slanderers, the quarrelsome, and the treacherous. Drive me not away toward those who strike me with their spittle, who sit in the sun, who wash not with water, who lie with women, who purify not their manners, who cover not their…, who throw away their spittle, quench not their fire, and accept not my commandments. As to their women, they knead their dough, they cook, draw water, crush in the mortar, shout, neglect my commandments, and rebuke their neighbors.”

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ לְפֶ֙סֶל֙ וּמַסֵּכָ֣ה תּוֹעֵבָ֔ה מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שׁוֹכֵב֙ בְּאֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֵ֔הוּ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְגַלֶּה֙ עֶרְוַ֣ת אָבִ֔יו מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשָּׂנֵא֙ אָבִ֣יו וְאִמּ֔וֹ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר שֹׁכֵב֙ בְּאַחֹת֔וֹ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְנַחֵשׁ֙ א֚וֹ יִשְׁאַ֣ל א֔וֹב מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְחַלֵּל֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ לְבֶן־אֱנ֔וֹשׁ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְדַבֵּר֙ רָעָ֣ה ׀ בֶּיהִוַ֔הֵ מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִתֶּן֙ מִזַּרְע֔וֹ לַעֲבֹדַ֥ת נְסִיכִ֖ים מְבַקְשֵׁ֣י נַפְשָׁ֑ם מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא֙ יִשְׁמַ֔ע בְּדִבְרֵ֖י הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגְנֹב֙ א֣וֹ יְשַׁקֵּ֔ר א֛וֹ יַעֲנֶ֥ה בְּרֵעֵ֖הוּ עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑וְא מ֖וֹת יוּמַֽת׃ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַסִּיג֙ גְּב֣וּל רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְאׇשְׁר֔וֹ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁגֶּ֖ה עִוֵּ֣ר בַּדָּ֑רֶךְ וְיַטֶּ֛ה מִ֥שְׁפַּט־גֵּ֖ר יָת֥וֹם וְאַלְמָנָֽה׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשׁ֜ק וְגָזֵ֗ל וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יְרַמֶּה֙ וְהִלְשִׁ֣ין אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר יֹאמַ֥ר שְׁלֽוֹם־שָׁ֖וְא בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ וְשַׂנְּאֵ֖הוּ בִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ אֲשֶׁ֣ר זֵדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹנֵ֖י עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑וְא וְנוֹתְנֵ֥י דְּבָרִ֖ים שְׁקָרִֽים׃

God said to Moses: “He who worships a graven or molten image that is impure shall die. He who lies with his neighbor’s wife shall die. He who uncovers his father’s nakedness shall die. He who despises his father and his mother shall die. He who lies with his sister shall die. He who divines or asks divination by charms shall die. He who profanes the Sabbath shall die. He who worships a human being shall die. He who speaks evil against God shall die. He who gives his children into the service of princes that may kill them shall die. He who listens [not] to the words of the covenant shall die. He who steals, lies, or bears false witness against his neighbor shall die. He who removes his neighbor’s landmarks or (steals) his riches, who makes the blind wander out of the way, who perverts the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and the widow, who oppresses and takes by force, who deceives and slanders his neighbor, who speaks peace with his neighbor deceitfully and hates him in his heart, who… the arrogant ones, who bears false witness or gives false information.”

בְּכׇל־הָעֲלִיל֥וֹת הָאֵ֖לֶּה יָמ֥וּת הָאָדָֽם׃ וּבְמַעֲשִׂ֣ים טוֹבִ֔ים וּבִצְדָקָ֖ה וּבִתְפִלָּ֑ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָֽם׃ וּבְפַחֲז֤וּת וּבְעָ֙וֶל֙ וּבַעֲלִיל֣וֹת רָע֔וֹת יָמ֥וּת הָאָדָֽם׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את בְּיָמִ֥ים שְׁמוֹנָֽה׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַיּ֣וֹם הָאַחֲר֔וֹן וְלֹ֛א אֶת־אֶ֖רֶץ הַהָ֑בֶל ה֤וּא יִנְחַל֙ בְּחַיֵּ֣י עוֹלָ֔ם בְּאֵ֥ין ס֖וֹף וּבְאֵ֥ין מִסְפָּֽר׃ צְדָקָ֥ה תּוֹעִ֖יל נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַצֶּ֑דֶק וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣י הַחוֹטֵ֔א נֶ֥גֶד נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יַעֲבֹֽדוּ׃

By all these deeds man shall perish. By deeds of justice, alms, and prayers man shall live. By boasting, injustice, and bad deeds man shall perish. He who loves this world, in eight days… He who loves the last day, [despising] the ephemeral world, will inherit life that has neither limit nor count. Justice will be profitable for the soul of the just, the deeds of the sinner will work against his soul.

8. עַל־מִסְפָּ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־מֵבִ֖יא גֵיהִנּ֑וֹמָה אֱלֹהִים֙ בָּרָ֣א מַלְאָ֔ךְ נֶ֥שֶׁר גָּד֖וֹל וּשְׁמ֥וֹ תַּֽאנִי׃ מְעוֹנ֖וֹ כָּאָ֑רֶץ ה֥וּא מוֹנֶ֖ה עַל־הַחֹטִֽאים׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ אֶל־הַנֶּ֗שֶׁר לֵ֨ךְ־נָ֔א מֹ֕ד אֶת־גְּבוּלֵ֥י הַמָּע֖וֹן מִכׇּל־צָדָ֑יו לַחֹטִא֛ים בָּ֥אֵי־ב֖וֹר גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנֶּ֣שֶׁר הַגָּד֔וֹל לִ֥פְנֵי־מֶ֖לֶךְ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְהָאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָצַר֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה ׀ לֵאמֹר׃ אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י הַנּוֹרָ֔א הַשּׁוֹלֵ֖חַ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַמַּלְאָכִ֑ים גֵּיהִנּ֤וֹם בְּצִבְאוֹתָיו֙ וּבִ֣מְצוּלוֹתָ֔יו אָ֣יֹם ה֔וּא וַאֲנִ֖י אֵלֵ֥ךְ אַחֲרָֽיו׃ וַֽיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר בְּרַד־אֵ֖שׁ וְגַלְגַּלֵּ֣י לֶהָבָ֑ה וַֽיִּירָ֖אוּ וַֽיִּמַּֽסּוּ׃ וַֽיָּ֤עׇף הַנֶּשֶׁר֙ מִמָּ֣עוֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַֽיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּרָח֖וֹק עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ וַֽיָּ֤קׇם וַֽיִּבְרַח֙ מִמְּע֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּמֵחֹטְאֵ֖י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֥שׇׁב אֶל־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ מִבּ֥וֹר גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ הִנֵּ֧ה בָּאִ֛ים נַפְשׁ֥וֹת הַחֹטִ֥אים לְמָק֑וֹם וּמְעֻנִּים֙ בְּיַ֣ד אֽוֹיְבֵי־מַ֔עֲלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תּוֹלֵיהֶ֖ם בְּגֵיהִנּֽוֹם׃ צַ֣ר לָהֶ֗ם וִיבֵשִׁ֣ים נַפְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם֮ מֵחֹלִ֣י וּמִיִּסּוֹרִים֒ וְהֵ֣ם אוֹמְרִ֗ים אַ֤ל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵנוּ֙ בְּבִיאָתֵ֣נוּ גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹמָה כִּ֥י יֵ֛שׁ בָּשָֽׂר־ע֖וֹד בָּ֑נוּ וְה֥וּא עוֹבֵ֖ר מֵאֶצְלָֽם׃ נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַצַּדִּקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁמְר֥וּ הַמִּצְוֹ֖ת חֻקַּ֣ת חַיִּ֑ים אוֹמְרִ֣ים אֵלָ֗יו שְׁאַל־נָ֣א מֶיהִוַ֔הֵ עַד־מָתַ֛י נְשֻׁלַּ֥ם לְפָנֶ֖יךָ אֲדֹנָֽי׃

8. Because of the number [of the sinners] whom He brings into Hell, God has created an angel, a great eagle named Tāni. His residence is as (large as) a land, and he was appointed for the sinners. God said to the eagle: “Go and measure the limits of the residence, from all sides, for the sinners who enter the pit of Gehenna.” The great eagle said to the King of Heaven and earth, who created Heaven, the earth, the sea, and the dry land: “O terrible Lord, who releasest the souls of the angels! Hell with its hosts and precipices is terrible. I shall follow him.” God [threw] behind the eagle hailstones of fire and wheels of ﬂashing fire, and they were frightened and became liquid. The eagle ﬂew from God’s dwelling and stayed away for twenty years. And having risen and ﬂed from God’s dwelling and from the sinners of Hell, he returned to God from the pit of Hell. The souls of the sinners arrive at the place where they… and are tortured by their enemies from above who suspend them in Hell. They are grieved while their souls wither away from sickness and ordeals, and they say: “Destroy us not when we come into Hell, while still with ﬂesh…” and he passes them. The souls of the just who observed the commandments, the law of life, say (to the eagle): “Ask God, ‘When will we be rewarded before Thee, O Lord?'”

וַיָּ֣שׇׁב הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר אֶל־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בּוֹרְאֵ֑הוּ אֲשֶׁ֖ר שָׁ֥לַח־לֽוֹ׃ וְדַ֣ק הָיָ֔ה כְּנִשְׁמַ֥ת הַתּ֖וֹר דַּ֥ק הַבָּשָֽׂר׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֤א קָטָן֙ וַֽתִּרְפֶּ֣ינָה כְּנָפָ֔יו עַצְמוֹתָ֖יו נִגְל֥וּ חִשּׂוּפִֽים׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַמַּלְאָ֣ךְ הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אַתָּ֤ה לְבַדְּךָ֙ גָּד֣וֹל וְקָד֔וֹשׁ וּמְהֻלָּ֖ל הָאָד֥וֹן הַנּוֹרָֽא׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְנֶ֑שֶׁר הֲאַתָּ֤ה הָלַכְתָּ֙ עַד־גְּבוּלֵ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹם אׇרְכּ֖וֹ וְרׇחְבּֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ לֹא־בָּ֣אתִי אֵלָ֔יו עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה עַד־הַיּֽוֹם׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַנֶּ֣שֶׁר הַגָּד֑וֹל וּמָ֥ה קָרָ֖ה לָֽךְ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַנֶּ֔שֶׁר לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֣הֵ בּוֹרְאֵ֑הוּ יַ֚עַן כִּ֤י רָאִיתִי֙ שׁוֹא֣וֹת גֵּיהִ֔נּוֹם וּמְצ֤וּלוֹתָיו֙ וְצִבְאוֹתָ֣יו הָאֵ֔שׁ וְאַרְצ֛וֹת גְּזֵר֥וֹת הָאֵ֖שׁ וְנִצֵּ֥י הָאֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ע֔וֹד הַנֶּ֖שֶׁר לֶיהִוַ֑הֵ רָאִ֕יתִי עֹ֥נֶשׁ גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם וְכׇל־צִבְאוֹתָֽיו׃ בָּאתִ֣י בַּמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֛ר תְּלוּי֖וֹת נַפְשׁ֣וֹת הַחֹטִ֑אים בְּבִיאוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃ וַֽיַּשְׁלִ֨כוּ פַּֽרְסֵי־אֵ֜שׁ וְנִֽמְרֵי־אֵ֗שׁ אֵ֤ת הַחֹטִאים֙ מִגְּבוּלֵ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֔וֹם עַ֖ד בּ֣וֹר גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם כְּמוֹ־אֶ֖בֶן וְלֹא־עָלֽוּ׃ וַֽיִּתְפְּס֥וּ נִמְרֵי־אֵ֖שׁ אֶת־צִבְא֣וֹת הַחֹטִ֑אים כַּתַּנִּינִ֕ים הַתּוֹפְסִ֥ים בַּאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בְּת֥וֹךְ הַמַּֽיִם׃ וְלֹ֣א מֵתִ֔ים כִּי־יֵ֥שׁ נְפָשׁ֖וֹת בְּגוּפָ֑ם וּלְבָב֥וֹת מַחְשְׁב֖וֹת ט֥וֹב וָרַֽע׃ וְאֵ֕ת עֲלִיל֥וֹתֵיהֶ֖ם הֵ֣ם מְסַפְּרִ֑ים וְאֵ֧ת כׇּל־הַחֲטָא֛וֹת אֲשֶׁר־חָטְא֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו הֵ֥ם רוֹאִֽים׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א שָׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת הַחַיִּ֑ים בְּנֵ֥י גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם עַ֥ל חַטֹּאותָֽם׃ אַ֚ךְ עַ֣ל־חַיִּ֔ים אֵין־ס֥וֹף וְאֵין־מִדָּ֖ה וְאֵין־גְּב֑וּל לְשׁוֹמְרֵי֙ מִצְוֹ֣ת הַחַיִּ֔ים וְחַ֖י בָּהֶֽם׃ אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א שָׁמְר֖וּם בִּשְׁא֣וֹל יָמ֑וּתוּ וְאֵין־גְּב֖וּל לֽוֹ׃

And the eagle returned to God, his Creator, who sent him. He was emaciated and became like the breath of the lean-ﬂeshed turtledove. He came being small (in appearance), his wings hung down, his bones showed their bare points. And the angel, the eagle, said to God: “O Lord, Thou alone art great, holy, and praised, O terrible Lord!” God said to the eagle: “Didst thou travel unto the limits of Hell, in its length and width?” The eagle said: “I reached it not in the twenty years (I was away) until today.” God said to the great eagle: “What happened to thee?” The eagle said to God, his Creator: “It is because I saw the calamities of Hell, its precipices, its legions of fire, the fiery rugged places, and the hawks of fire.” The eagle said again to God: “I saw the punishment of Hell, and all its legions. I arrived at the place where the souls of the sinners are suspended on entering Hell. Vultures of fire and tigers of fire cast down the sinners from the borders of Hell into the pit of Hell like stones, and they rose not. fiery tigers seized the hosts of sinners as crocodiles seize men in the midst of the waters. They die not, for they have souls in their bodies and hearts with which they devise good and evil. They tell their deeds, and they see all the sins they have committed before Him. None of the sins are hidden. Those who observed not the commandments of life are subjected to Hell because of their sins. As for (eternal) life, it has no end, no measure, and no limit for those who observe the commandments of life so that they may live. Those who observed not (the commandments) shall die in Sheol, and there is no limit to it.”

9. בְּי֨וֹם תּוֹכֵחַ֤ת יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י־אָדָ֔ם תַּעֲמֹ֣ד הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת בְּפֶ֥תַח גֵּיהִנּ֖וֹם בְּגֵ֣יא הָאֵ֑שׁ וַתֹּאמֵ֗ר בֵּאלֹהִ֕ים לֹ֨א יִבָּדְל֤וּ הַצַּדִּיקִים֙ מֵהַ֣חֹטִ֔אים עַד־ אַבְדִּילֵ֖ם לְמַעֲנִֽי׃ וַאֲנִ֣י אוֹדִיעֲךָ֔ לְמִ֖י אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֣א נָחִ֑ים וּלְמִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֥א שֹׁמְרִ֖ים אֶת־חֻקַּֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לָ֑הּ הִנָּ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטְא֖וּ לְפָנַֽי׃ וַתֹּ֤אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אַל־תִּֽזְכׇּר־נָ֖א חַטְּא֣וֹת עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁמְר֖וּ שַׁבַּתֶּֽךָ׃ אַתָּ֣ה נְתָנַ֗נִי לִהְי֥וֹת־עֵד֙ לָעַמִּ֔ים וְאַתָּ֣ה אָמַ֔רְתָּ בְּפִ֖י מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֣י תִּשְׁמֹ֔רוּ כִּ֚י א֣וֹת הִ֔וא בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹ֥רֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ וַהֲלֹ֣א אָמַ֗רְתָּ וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם וּמְנוּחָ֧ה הִ֛וא וְהָ֥יְתָה עֵ֖ד לָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ וּמוּמֵיהֶ֥ם הָאֲחֵרִ֖ים לֹ֣א יוּכָ֑חוּ אָכֵ֗ן אֶשְׁכַּח֙ אֶת־חַ֣טֹּאותָ֔ם לְמַעֲנֵ֖ךְ עֵדִֽי׃ וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א תְּסַפְּרֵ֔ם בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר הַכּוֹפְרִ֖ים עַל־חַטֹּאותָ֑ם וּבְלֹ֥א צַדִּיקִ֖ים לֹ֥א תְּזַוְּגֵֽם׃ אֲבַ֥קְשָׁה־לְךָ֖ לְמַ֣עַן כְּבוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְתִתְּנֶ֤נּוּ לִי֙ וְלֹ֣א תְּשִׁיבֶ֔נּוּ לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶֽךָ׃ אָנֹכִ֣י שַׁבַּתְּךָ֗ קַ֨מְתִּי בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־עֲבָדַ֣י וְשִׁפְחוֹתַ֔י מִן־הַצּוֹרְרִ֖ים וּמִן־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים כִּ֥י רְחוּמָ֖ה אָֽנִי׃ מָה־יִזְכֶּ֖ה יְל֣וּד אִשָּׁ֑ה הֵ֚ן עַד־שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֔חַ לֹ֥א זַכּ֖וּ לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ אֲהָ֥הּ אֲדֹנָ֖י תְּנֵ֑נִי וְאוֹצִ֤יאָה אֶת־עֲבָדַי֙ לְע֣וֹלְמֵי־עַ֔ד וְאֵין־ס֖וֹף אָמֵֽן׃

9. On the day when God reprimands the children of Adam the Sabbath will stand at the entrance of Hell in the valley of fire and will say: “By God! May the just not be separated from the sinners before I separate them for my sake. I shall inform Thee of those who rest not and observe not my laws.” God said to her: “Numerous are those who committed sins before me.” The Sabbath said to God: “Remember not the sins of Thy servants after they observed Thy Sabbath. Thou hast given me for a witness to the peoples, and Thou hast said through the mouth of Thy servant Moses: ‘My Sabbath you shall keep, for it is a sign between you and me throughout your generations.' And Thou hast said: ‘You shall keep my Sabbath, for it is holy and a rest unto you, and later it will be a witness. Their other faults will not be reprimanded. Verily, I shall forget their sins because of thee, my witness.’ Thou shalt not count them among the infidels because of their faults, and Thou shalt not couple them with the unjust. I conjure Thee by Thy glory. Thou hast granted it to me, and Thou wilt not deny it because of Thy justice. I, Thy Sabbath, rose on that day to deliver my menservants and maidservants from among the living [?] and the wicked, for I am merciful. How can he be clean that is born of woman? Not even the sun and the moon are clean before Thee! O Lord, permit me to deliver my servants forever, without limit. Amen.”

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֣ת לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹ֣א ׀ אֲהַמְּמֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֤א אֶמְנַע֙ אֶת־בַּ֣קָּשָׁתֵ֔ךְ אֶ֥תֵּן לָ֖ךְ אֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־לָֽךְ׃ וָאֹמַ֧ר בֶּאֱמֶ֛ת בְּשֵׁ֥ם מִשְׁפָּטִ֖י וּבְשַׁבַּתִּֽי׃ וְעַתָּ֞ה יָנ֤וּחוּ מִגֵּיהִנּוֹם֙ בַּ֣יּוֹם הַה֔וּא כִּ֣י הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת הִ֥יא עֵ֖ד לְשׁוֹמְרֶֽיהָ׃ וַתֹּאמֵ֧ר שַׁבָּ֛ת לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ תְּנֵֽנִי׃

God said to the Sabbath: “I shall not confound thee and shall not refuse thee what thou hast asked of me. I grant thee everything that is thine. I say it truly in the name of my justice and of my Sabbath. And now may they have respite from Hell on that day, since the Sabbath is the witness for those who observe it.” Sabbath said to God: “Grant me (it).”

הָב֤וּ הָעָם֙ בֹּ֣אוּ כֻּלְּכֶ֔ם שֹׁמְרֵ֥י חֻקַּ֖י וּמְנוּחָתִ֑י הֵ֗ם יִרְא֤וּ מְנוּחָה֙ בְּלִ֣י ס֔וֹף וְשִׂמְחַ֖ת הַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃ לָהֶ֛ם תִּהְיֶ֥ה הַפוּגָ֖ה מִפִּ֣י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם בַּיּ֨וֹם הַקָּד֤וֹשׁ הַהוּא֙ בַּשַּׁבָּ֔ת יִחְי֖וּ בְשִׂמְחָֽה׃ אֶת־מְרִיבָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִרְא֑וּ וְאֶת־רַ֥עַשׁ רִ֖יב לֹ֥א יִשְׁמָֽעוּ׃ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן לֶאֱכֹ֛ל לְמַ֥עַן הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת ׀ יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃ ט֥וֹב הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט ׀ ט֣וֹב הַצְּדָקָ֑ה ׀ ט֖וֹב הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֖וֹב דּוּמִיָּ֥ה בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֛וֹב עֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֖ט בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ אֵ֖ין כַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃ טוֹבִ֥ים מִכֻּלָּ֖ם רַחֲמִ֥ים וּצְדָקָֽה׃ ט֖וֹב צֶֽדֶק׃ ט֚וֹב עַנְוַת־ר֔וּחַ לִפְנֵ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֹֽרֶךְ־רֽוּחַ׃ ט֣וֹב חֶ֔סֶד ׀ ט֖וֹב מִשְׁפַּ֣ט אֱמֶ֑ת ׀ ט֖וֹב תְּפִלָּֽה׃ אֵ֤ין דּוֹמֶה֙ לַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וְלִשְׁמִירַ֖ת הַמִּצְוֹֽת׃ אֵ֤ין מִצְוָה֙ כָּמ֔וֹהָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר תִּמְצָ֛א אֶת־נִשְׁמַ֥ת הָאָדָ֖ם מֵעֹ֥נֶשׁ גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ ט֣וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת ׀ מֵעַ֤ל הַכֹּל֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אוֹהֵ֔ב שׁוֹמְרֵ֖י הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֚וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת ׀ מֵעַ֤ל הַכֹּל֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ שׂוֹנֵ֔א לֹ֥א־שׁוֹמְרֵ֖י הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ ט֥וֹב הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מִכׇּל־הַמִּצְוֹֽת׃ ט֖וֹב הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ הָאִ֥ישׁ נֶ֖גֶד יֶהִוַ֑הֵ ה֣וּא הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־שֹׁמֵ֨ר אֶת־מִצְוַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ וְחֻקּוֹתָ֔יו וְלֹ֖א יַאֲמִֽין׃

O people, come all of you who observe my law and my rest! They will enjoy a rest without limit and the happiness of the just. They will have respite from the mouth of Hell. On that holy day, on the Sabbath, they will live in joy. They will not see strife, nor will the noise of strife be heard. They who, because of the Sabbath, gave to eat, will eat. Justice is good. Alms are good. The Sabbath is good. Silence on Sabbath is good. The doing of justice on the Sabbath is good. Nothing is like the Sabbath. Mercy and alms are greater than all. Justice is good. Humility before God and patience are good. Kindness is good. True judgment is good. Worshiping [is good]. Nothing can vie with the Sabbath and the observance of the commandments. There is no other commandment like it that can deliver the soul of man from the punishment of Hell. The Sabbath is good. Above all, God loves those who observe the Sabbath. The Sabbath is good. Above all, God hates those who observe not the Sabbath. The Sabbath is better than all the commandments. The Sabbath is good. The man who is against me, O God, is he who observes not the commandments of the Sabbath and its precepts and who believes not.

זֹ֚את מִצְוַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כׇּל־שׁוֹמְרֶ֖יהָ יִחְיֽוּ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א שׁוֹמְרֶ֔יהָ עַד־עוֹלָ֖ם יֵעָנֵֽשׁוּ׃

This is the commandment of the Sabbath. They who observe it shall live. They who do not observe it shall be punished forever.

10. הַלְל֣וּ אֶת־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּעֲדַ֖ת כְּבוֹד֑וֹ ה֥וּא לְבַדּ֛וֹ קָד֥וֹשׁ וְצַדִּ֖יק וְאֵ֥ין כָּמוֹהֽוּ׃ מַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם מִ֣יכָאֵ֗ל וְגַ֤בְרִיאֵל֙ וּ֣פְנוּאֵ֔ל וְצִ֥בְאוֹתָ֖יו יְהַלְּל֑וּהוּ וְקָרְא֗וּהוּ אֵ֤ל וָאֵל֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מַלְאֵיהֵ֔י לָהֵ֥י לֹהֵ֖י אֲדֹנָ֥י צְבָאֽוֹת׃ קָד֗וֹשׁ קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ יֶהִוַ֥הֵ צְבָא֖וֹת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֣וֹ אֲדֹנָֽי׃ וְכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֔יִם מְשַׁבְּח֖וּהוּ בִּתְבוּנָתָֽם׃

10. Praise be to God in the council of His glory. He alone is holy and just and there is none like Him. The angels of Heaven, Michael, Gabriel, and Fānuʾēl and their hosts praise Him and call Him: ʾĒl, Waʾēl, ’ʾĒlohē, Malʾēhē, Lahē, Lohē, ʾAdonai Sabaoth. Holy, Holy, Holy is God of Sabaoth, the King. All the earth is filled with Thy glory. O Lord! And the stars of Heaven praise Him with intelligence.

קָד֥וֹשׁ וּבָר֖וּךְ אֲדֹנָ֣י צְבָא֑וֹת חַ֖י הֽוּא׃ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְאֵ֤ין כָּמוֹךָ֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְה֣וּא ׀ מְהֻלָּ֣ל ׀ מִמַּלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֡יִם וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַ֠תְּהֹמֹ֠ת וּמַלְאֲכֵ֨י הַמַּעֲיָנִ֜ים וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָר֗וּחַ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֤י הַשֶּׁ֔לֶג וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד וּמַלְאֲכֵ֤י הָאֵשׁ֙ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַכְּפ֔וֹר וּמַלְאֲכֵ֧י הַסְּעָרָ֛ה וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַחֹ֖רֶף וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַקַּֽיִץ׃ וּמַלְאָכִים֮ מְשָׁרְתֵ֣י אָדָם֒ וּמַ֤לְאָכִים֙ רוֹכְבֵ֤י מֶרְכָּבוֹת֙ וְר֣וֹכְבֵי אֵ֔שׁ וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י מָר֖וֹם וּמַלְאֲכֵ֥י הַיָּ֑ם וּמְשָׁרְתֵ֖י הָאֵֽשׁ׃ הֵ֚ם אוֹמְרִ֣ים לְפָנָ֔יו הֶ֞וּא יָצַ֥ר וּבָרָ֛א אֶת־אָדָ֖ם בְּצַלְמ֑וֹ וְעִם־נֹ֕חַ כָּרַ֖ת בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ עֹ֥שֵׂה חֶ֖סֶד לָאֲלָפִ֑ים חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֥רֶךְ אַפַּ֖יִם וְרַב־חֶ֥סֶד וּצְדָקָֽה׃ אֲבֹתֵ֗ינוּ אַבְרָהָ֤ם וְיִצְחָק֙ וְיַעֲקֹ֔ב וּמֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וִיהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֛ל וְאֵלִיָּ֥הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֖ע שִׁבְּחֽוּהוּ׃

Holy and praised is the Lord of Sabaoth. He is living. All the earth is filled with Thy glory, and there is none like Thee in the heavens above and on the earth below. All the earth is filled with Thy glory, and He is praised by the angels of Heaven, the angels of the abysses, the angels of the springs, the angels of the wind, the angels of the snow, the angels of hail, the angels of fire, the angels of hoarfrost, the angels of the storm, the angels of winter, the angels of summer, the angels who serve mankind, the angels who ride upon chariots and upon fire, the angels on high, the angels of the sea, and those who administer the fire, and they say to Him: “He made and created Adam after His likeness, and made an everlasting covenant with Noah. He shows His mercy unto thousands, He the merciful and gracious, long- suffering, and abundant in mercy, the just. Our fathers Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, Samuel, Elijah, and Elisha praised Him.

11. בִּיצִירַ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־אָדָ֖ם וַעֲשִׂיָּ֑תוֹ ה֥וּא לָקַ֛ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ דּוּדָלֵ֖ם חֹֽמֶר׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח גַּם־אֵ֤שׁ וְרוּחַ֙ וּמַ֔יִם וַאֲבָנִ֖ים כְּתוּשִׁ֑ים וַֽיַּ֖עַשׂ אָדָֽם׃ וַֽיַּ֨עַשׂ עֲצָמ֤וֹת בְּאֵיבָרָיו֙ וַֽיִּשְׂרְגֵ֣ם בְּגִידִ֔ים וַיְכַ֥ס אֶת־הַגּ֖וּף בָּע֑וֹר וַיִּ֨פַּח־בּ֔וֹ ר֧וּחַ קָד֛וֹשׁ וַיְהִ֥י אָדָ֖ם חַֽי׃ וַֽיִּתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ בְּרַגְלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְחַזֵּ֖ק בְּבִרְכָּ֑יו וַֽיְדַבֵּ֖ר בִּלְשׁוֹנֽוֹ׃ וַֽיִּבְרָ֣א יֶהִוַ֡הֵ אֶת־רַגְלֵ֣י אָ֣דָם לְהִתְהַלֵּךְ֮ וְאֶת־יָדָ֣יו לִתְפֹּס֒ וְאֶת־עֵינָ֨יו לִרְא֜וֹת וְאֶת־אׇזְנָ֣יו לִשְׁמֹ֗עַ וְאֶת־לְשׁוֹנ֤וֹ לְדַבֵּר֙ וְאֶת־אַ֣פּוֹ לְהָרִ֔יחַ וְאֶת־לִבּ֖וֹ לַחֲשֹׁ֑ב וְאֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֖ה לָג֥וּר שָֽׂם׃

11. When God fashioned and made Adam, He took clay from the land of Dudālēm. He also took fire, wind, and water, crushed stones, and made Adam. He made bones in his members, tied them up with nerves, covered the body with skin, blew into him a holy breath, and Adam became a living being. He walked with his feet, his knees were strengthened, and he spoke with his tongue. God created the feet that man may walk, the hands that he may grasp, the eyes that he may see, the ears that he may hear, the tongue that he may speak, the nose that he may smell, and the heart that he may think, and an agreeable world in which to live.

וַֽיְשִׂימֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּגַ֣ן־הָעֲדָנִ֔ים לְשׇׁמְרָ֖הּ וְלֶאֱכֹ֣ל מִפִּרְיָ֑הּ וְלָגוּר־בּ֣וֹ לְעוֹלָ֔ם בַּל־יַעֲמֹ֥ל וּבַל־יַרְוֶ֖ה וּבַל־יַעֲבֹֽד׃ יֵשׁ־בָּהּ֮ וּפִרְיָ֣ם לֹא־נָפְלוּ֒ וַעֲלֵהֶ֣ם לֹא־נָבְל֗וּ וְשׇׁרָשָׁיו֙ לֹ֣א יָבֵ֔שׁוּ וְלֹא־הֵמִ֖ישׁוּ מֵֽעֲשׂוֹת־פֶּֽרִי׃ אַ֕ךְ אָדָ֥ם אִבֵּ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַחַ֑יִּים וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת־מִצְוֹ֥ת בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֨הוּ יֶהִוַ֜הֵ מִגַּ֣ן ׀ הָעֲדָנִ֣ים וְהַמַּעֲדַנִּ֗ים לַעֲבֹ֤ד אֶת־הָאֲדָמָה֙ וּלְשׇׁמְרָ֔הּ וְלֶאֱכֹ֨ל אֶת־עֵ֤שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בְּזֵעַ֣ת אַפָּ֔יו וּבְעִצְבּ֥וֹן גּוּפָ֖יו וּבִכְאֵ֣ב נַפְשׁ֑וֹ כִּ֥י עָבַ֖ר מִצְוֹ֥ת בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ וַיִּחְיוּ֙ אָדָ֣ם וְזַרְע֔וֹ בֶּעָמָ֖ל וּבְעִצְבּ֣וֹן גּוּפָ֑ם וַיִּרְבּ֖וּ יִסּוּרֵיהֶֽם׃

God put [Adam] in the Garden of Pleasure to keep it and to eat of its fruits and to live in it forever without laboring or watering it or working. There were (trees in it) the fruit of which fell not, whose leaves faded not, whose roots dried not, nor ceased to yield fruit. But Adam lost the way of life and transgressed the commandments of his Creator. God sent him forth from the Garden of Pleasure and delight to till the earth and keep it, to eat the herb of the field by the sweat of his brow, the labor of his body, and the pain of his soul, for he transgressed the commandments of his Creator. And Adam and his seed lived in labor and in the pain of their bodies. Their affliction became greater.

וְנֹ֛חַ מָ֥צָא חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ כִּ֗י ה֚וּא אִ֣ישׁ צַדִּ֔יק בְּמַעֲשָׂ֖יו וּבֶאֱמוּנָתֽוֹ׃ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן ל֤וֹ יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶת־א֣וֹת הַשָּׁל֔וֹם וַיִּ֥כְרֹת־בּ֖וֹ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֑ם כִּ֨י לֹ֤א יוֹסִיף֙ לְקַלֵּ֣ל ע֔וֹד אֶת־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה בַּעֲב֖וּר מַעֲשֵׂ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃

Noah found grace in the sight of God, for he was just in his deeds and in his belief. God gave him the sign of peace and established an everlasting covenant with him that He will no more destroy the earth because of the deeds of mankind.

וַֽתִּגָּלֶ֤ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָם֙ וַֽתֶּ֣אֱהָבֵ֔הוּ עַד־ס֥וֹף הָעֹלָ֖ם ה֣וּא וְאַתָּ֑ה לְבָרֲכ֨וֹ וּלְהַרְבּ֤וֹת זַרְעוֹ֙ כְּכוֹכְבֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְכַח֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם׃ מִתּ֨וֹךְ זַרְע֜וֹ כָּרַ֤ת בְּרִית֙ עִם־יִצְחָ֔ק אֲשֶׁ֛ר טִהֵ֥ר אֶת־גּוּפ֖וֹ מִמָּק֣וֹם חֲטָאָ֑ה וּבְיַעֲקֹ֖ב יְדִידֽוֹ׃ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֤יא יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ בַּעֲצָת֥וֹ וְחׇכְמָת֖וֹ בְּעֵ֣ת הַמַּבּ֑וּל כֵּ֕ן הוֹצִ֥יא אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם מִמְּדִינַ֥ת הַכַּשְׂדִּֽים׃

Then Thou didst appear to Abraham, and Thou didst love him until the end of the world, him and you [?], to bless him and to multiply his seed as the stars of the Heaven and as the sands on the sea(shore). From among his seed Thou hast established a covenant with Isaac who purified his body from the spot of sin; and with Jacob, His beloved. As God brought forth Noah [from the ark] with His advice and wisdom at the time of the ﬂood, so He brought forth Abraham from the country of the Chaldeans.

וַֽיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ חֲכָמַ֣י כְּנַ֗עַן הִנֵּ֛ה יוֹלִ֥יד תֶּרַ֖ח בֵּ֑ן וְה֛וּא יְעַוֵּ֥ת וִישַׁחֵ֖ת אֶת־חֻקֵּ֥י כְּנַעַֽן׃ עוֹדֶ֙נּוּ֙ מְנַ֣חֲשִׁ֔ים וַֽיּ֥וֹלֶד תֶּ֖רַח בֵּ֑ן וַֽיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אַבְרָהָֽם׃ וַֽיְשִׂמֵ֙הוּ֙ בִּמְעָרַ֣ת בֵּית֔וֹ שֶׁ֖בַע שָׁנִ֑ים וְיוֹצִיאֵ֖הוּ לַ֥ילָה אֶחָֽד׃ וַיַּ֥רְא אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֣חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֑ים וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֚לֶּה יִהְי֣וּ בְּעָלַ֔י וַאֲנִ֖י אֶתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ הַלַּ֣ילָה הַשֵּׁנִ֔י רָאָ֥ה אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וַֽיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל אֵלָֽיו׃ וַֽיָּבֹ֧א הַיָּרֵ֛חַ אֶל־מְקוֹמ֖וֹ וַ֣יְהִי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם לֹ֨א אֵל֙ הַיָּרֵ֣חַ ה֔וּא וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א אֵלִ֖ים הַכּוֹכָבִ֥ים הֵֽם׃ וַֽיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ תֶּ֖רַח בַּמְּעָרָ֑ה וַֽיִּרְתַּ֣ח לִבּ֔וֹ וַֽיֵּ֛צֵא בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י בָּעֵ֥ת הַצׇּהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיַּ֣רְא אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֮מֶשׁ֮ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל־לָהּ֒ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשֶּׁ֕מֶשׁ הִ֥יא תְּהִ֖י אֵלִ֑י אוֹרָ֥הּ בָּהִ֖יר מֵעַל־הַכֹּֽל׃ וַֽתָּבֹ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וַ֣יְהִי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַֽתְּעַלֵּ֖ם הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ וַֽיִּשָּׂ֨א אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־פָּנָ֣יו קֵ֗דְמָה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ׀ אַתָּ֤ה תְּהִי־נָא֙ אֱלֹהַ֔י אַתָּ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּרָ֖א אֶת־הַכֹּ֑ל וְאַל־אֶתְפַּלְלָ֧ה לְאַחֵ֛ר רַ֛ק לְבֹרֵ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ וְהַיָּרֵֽחַ׃

The wise of Canaan said (to Nimrod): “Behold, Terah will beget a son who will pervert and destroy the precepts of Canaan.” And while they divined, Terah begat a son and called him Abraham. He put him into a cavern of his house for seven years, and then he let him go out one night. Abraham saw the moon and the stars and said: “They shall be my masters, and I shall worship them.” The second night he saw the moon and worshiped it. When the moon set and it became dark Abraham said: “Neither the moon nor the stars are gods.” Terah again put him into the cave. His heart was boiling, and he went out the third day at noon. He saw the sun, worshiped it, and said: “The sun will be my God, its light is the brightest.” But when the sun set it became dark and the sun disappeared. Abraham turned his face toward the east and said: “Be my God, Thou who hast created everything, and I shall not Worship another, but Him who has created the sun and the moon.”

וַֽיַּ֥רְא אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה תָּֽרַח׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֣ח גַּרְזֶ֗ן וַֽיְבַקַּע֙ אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֔ים וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵ֖ם לַחֲתִיכ֑וֹת וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־הַגַּרְזֶ֛ן עַל־גָּר֥וֹן אֶחָ֖ד מֵהֶֽם׃ וַיְהִ֕י כִּי־רָאָ֥ה תֶּ֖רַח אֶת־הַפְּסִלִ֣ים הַנִּשְׁבָּרִ֑ים וַֽיִּזְעַ֤ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מִמִּ֣י כׇּל־זֶ֔ה וַֽיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֹ֥א יָדַֽעְנוּ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תֶּ֔רַח יוֹדֵ֥עַ אֲנִ֖י מִ֣י עָשָׂ֑ה וַֽיִּקְרָ֤א לְאַבְרָהָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לָמָּ֥ה שִׁבַּ֖רְתָּ אֶת־כׇּל־פְּסִילַֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֖ם לֹא־אָ֑נִי אַ֚ךְ הָאֵ֣ל הַגָּד֔וֹל הַזֶּ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר שִׁבְרָ֖ם בְּקִנְאָֽתוֹ׃ הִנֵּ֥ה הַגַּרְזֶ֖ן עַל־גְּרוֹנ֑וֹ וְאַתָּ֥ה מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תָּ֔רַח הַזֶּ֕ה לֹ֥א בְּכֹח֖וֹ לְשַׁבֵּֽר׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֗ם וְלָמָּ֛ה אַתָּ֥ה מִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לְפָנָ֑יו הִנֵּ֨ה אִ֤ישׁ הוֹרֵג֙ בְּנ֣וֹ וְאָבִ֔יו בִּכְנִיעָת֛וֹ לַפֶּ֥סֶל הַזֶּ֖ה וּבְקִ֥נְאָתוֹ לֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר תָּ֔רַח אָכֵ֖ן יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֑נִי כִּי־בְּנִ֥י יְבַטֵּ֖ל אֶת־דַּ֥ת כְּנַֽעַן׃ וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֕הוּ אֶל־נִמְרֹ֖ד מֶ֣לֶךְ כְּנַ֑עַן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֤ה וָכֹה֙ עוֹשֶׂ֣ה בְּנִ֔י ה֛וּא שֹׂנֵ֥א אֶת־פְּסִילַ֖י וַֽיִּשְׁבְּרֵֽם׃ וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֣וֹ נִמְרֹ֔ד הַאֱמֶ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֑ר וְהָ֥בָה נִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לַפֶּ֥סֶל הַזֶּֽה׃ וַֽיְמָאֵ֖ן אַבְרָהָ֑ם אֱלֹהַי֙ בַּ֣שָּׁמַ֔יִם וְה֧וּא בָּרָ֛א אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְאֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֥יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ הַמַּמְלִיכְךָ֖ מֶ֑לֶךְ ה֖וּא בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נִמְרֹ֔ד אֶעֱלֶ֖ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יְמָה וְאֶהֱרֹ֛ג אֶת־מִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־קָרָ֖אתָ אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח חִצִּ֜ים וְקֶ֣שֶׁת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַֽיִּרְכַּב֙ עַל־הַפְּרָסִ֔ים וַיָּ֥שֶׂם עַל־רֹאשָׁ֖ם נִתְחֵ֣י בָשָׂ֑ר פֶּן־יְאַבֵּ֤ד אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ וְזֶ֣ה מַרְפֵּ֔א וַֽיַּעֲל֥וּ יְשָׁרִ֖ים לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ וַיְהִי֙ כִּי־בָּ֣א עַד־הֶעָ֔נָן וַיַּ֣רְא נֶ֔שֶׁר אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵי־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַֽיְּנַקֵּ֥ר אֶת־הַנֶּ֖שֶׁר עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־הַחִצִּ֑ים וַֽיֵּ֤רֶד אֶל־אַבְרָהָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּ֕ה דַּ֥ם הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּ֥י הָרַגְתִּֽיו׃ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֱלֹהַ֖י לֹ֣א מֵ֑ת כִּ֥י מֵמִ֖ית הֽוּא׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר נִמְרֹ֗ד הֲיָב֛וֹא בֶּן־מֹ֖רֶה מִזֶּ֣רַע תָּ֑רַח וַֽיֹּאמְר֖וּ שָׁמַֽעְנוּ׃

Abraham saw all the idols which Terah had made. He took an ax and clove the carved idols and broke them to pieces and laid the ax on the neck of one of them. When Terah saw the broken idols he shouted and said: “Who [did] all this?” They said to him: “We know not.” Terah said: “I know who did this,” and he called Abraham and said to him: “Why hast thou broken my idols?” Abraham said: “It was not I but this great god who broke them because of jealousy. Behold, the ax is on his neck. And thou worshipest him!” Terah said: “This one cannot break (anything).” [Abraham said]: “Why then dost thou worship him? A man kills even his son or his father through submission to this idol and zeal for it.” Terah said: “Verily, I know that my son will abolish the religion of Canaan.” He sent him to Nimrod, the king of Canaan, and he said to him: “This is how my son acts, he hates my idols and has broken them.” Nimrod said to him: “Is it true, what he has said? Come, let us worship this idol.” Abraham refused [and said]: “My God is in Heaven. It is He who has created the sun, the moon, the heavens, and the earth. He who appoints thee king is in Heaven.” Nimrod said: “I shall ascend into Heaven and kill him whom thou callest thy God.” He took arrows and a bow, rode upon the vultures, put a piece of meat upon their heads so that he would not miss the way— this was a remedy—and they ascended straight before them. When he reached the clouds an eagle saw the meat above his head. Nimrod pierced the eagle above his head [with an arrow]. He then collected the arrows, descended to Abraham and said to him: “Behold the blood of God, I killed Him.” Abraham said: “My God dies not. It is He who causes to die.” Nimrod said: “Will a rebellious son come from the seed of Terah?” They said: “We heard it.”

וַֽיִּשְׁלַ֣ח נִמְרֹ֗ד אֶ֤לֶף גָּמַל֙ אֶל־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לְבַקֵּ֣עַ עֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨עַשׂ לַחְפֹּ֤ר בּוֹר֙ עֲלֵי־תֵּ֔ל וּלְהַשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־הָעֵצִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיִּפְרֹ֨ס אֶת־כׇּל־מַשָּׂא֤וֹת הַגְּמַלִּים֙ עָלָ֔יו וַֽיַּדְלִיקֵ֖הוּ בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ ה֣וֹי אַבְרָהָ֗ם נִשְׁתַּ֤חֲוֶה־נָא֙ לַפֶּ֣סֶל הַזֶּ֔ה וְאוּלַ֖י לֹא־תִּרְצֶ֑ה וַֽיִּקְשֶׁ֥ה אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַֽיְמָאֵֽן׃ וַיֹּאמֶ֤ר נִמְרֹד֙ אֵלָ֔יו הַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ אַשְׁלִיכְךָ֖ תַּנּ֑וּרָה וּבְעַרְתִּ֖יךָ בַּלֶּהָבֽוֹת׃ וְאַבְרָהָ֨ם לֹ֤א שׁוֹמֵעַ֙ וְלֹ֣א מְשַׁנֶּ֣ה אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲו֖וֹת לַפָּ֑סֶל וַֽיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֖הוּ הָאֵֽשָׁה׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־גַּ֣בְרִיאֵ֑ל לֵ֚ךְ רֵ֔ד וְהַכֵּ֥ה בְּלַהֲב֖וֹת הָאֵֽשׁ׃ וַֽיִּתְמַיֵּ֑ם וַֽיְכַבּ֥וּ הַמַּ֖יִם אֶת־אֵ֥שׁ הַתַּנּֽוּר׃ וּמִיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ וְעַד־הַיּ֔וֹם נִקְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ כְּשָׂדֵיּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא אֲשֶֽׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

Nimrod sent a thousand camels into the field to cleave trees, had a pit [?] dug on a hill [?], and the trees thrown upon it, and spread everything that the thousand [camels] carried and set it on fire. He said: “O Abraham, let us worship this idol, or perhaps thou dost not want to?” Abraham was obstinate and refused. Nimrod said to him: “I shall surely cast [thee] into the oven and burn thee in the ﬂames.” Abraham heeded it not and would not change his mind and worship the idol. He threw him into the ﬂames. God said to [Gabriel]: “Go down and hit the ﬂames of fire.” And he became water that quenched the fire [?] of the oven. From that day until today it is called Kalādēwon. (It recalls) what God had said to the children of Israel: “It is I who brought you forth from Egypt.”

וַֽיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיּ֤וֹלֶד אַבְרָהָם֙ אֶת־יִצְחָ֔ק וַיּ֥וֹלֶד יִצְחָ֖ק אֶת־יַעְקֹֽב׃ וַֽיִּשְׁתּוּ֮ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ מִתּ֤וֹךְ הַכַּשְׂדִּים֙ אֶת־הַלֶּהָבָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר נֶהֶפְכָ֥ה לַמַּ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א הִתְיַבְּשָׁ֑ה וְלֹ֥א חָדְלָ֛ה מִן־הָעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא וְעַד־עָֽתָּה׃

He named him Abraham. Abraham begat Isaac, and Isaac begat Jacob. The children of Israel, from among the Chaldeans, drank that ﬂame which became water and dried not up, nor ceased from then until now.

וֵאלֹהִים֙ נִסָּ֣ה אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֔ם עַל־אוֹדֹ֥ת בְּנ֖וֹ יִצְחָ֑ק וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו אֶת־בִּנְךָ֤ יִצְחָק֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהַ֔בְתָּ שְׁחָטֵ֥הוּ וְהַעֲלֵ֖הוּ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַבְרָהָ֤ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים֙ אֲהַלֵּ֔ל אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁר־גָּמַ֣ל עָלַ֔י אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א לִ֑י וּנְתַתִּ֖יהוּ אֵלָֽיו׃

God tempted Abraham concerning his son Isaac and said to him: “Kill thy son Isaac whom thou lovest and offer him to me.” Abraham said to God: “I shall praise Him who restored to me what I had not, and I shall give Him [my son].”

וַֽיָּבֹ֥אוּ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וְיִצְחָ֑ק אֶל־הַמָּק֕וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַֽר־ל֖וֹ הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ וַֽיִּקַּ֨ח אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֶת־בְּנ֗וֹ וַ֣יַּעֲקֹ֔ד אֶת־יָדָ֥יו וְאֶת־רָגְלָ֖יו לִשְׁחֹטֽוֹ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֖ח יָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תַּ֥עַשׂ ל֖וֹ מְאֽוּמָה׃ וַֽיַּרְאֵ֙הוּ֙ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ ׀ אַ֔יִל נֶאֱחַ֣ז בַּסְּבַ֑ךְ וַֽיַּעֲלֵ֧הוּ אַבְרָהָ֛ם לְעוֹלָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת בְּנֽוֹ׃ וְגָד֣וֹל ׀ ה֣וּא ׀ שׁוֹפָ֪ר הָ֠אַ֟יִל֩ וּב֣וֹ ׀ יִתָּקַ֣ע ׀ מִפִּ֣י אֵלִיָּ֡הוּ עַ֣ל הַ֣ר צִ֠יּוֹן וְהִנֵּ֨ה תִּשָּׁמַ֤ע תְּקִיעָתוֹ֙ עַד־קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ מִמִּ֥זְרַח שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ עַד־מְבוֹא֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֨ה ק֤וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר֙ יִ֣שָּׁמַ֔ע בַּיּ֖וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃

Abraham and Isaac went to the place of which God had told him. Abraham took his son and bound him hand and foot to slay him. God said to Abraham: “Lay not thy hand [upon thy son], neither do anything unto him.” God showed him a ram caught in a thicket, and Abraham sacrificed it in the place of Isaac. The horn of the ram was big. Elijah will blow it on the Mount of Zion, and its blast will be heard unto the ends of the earth from the setting of the sun to its rising, and the sound of the horn will be heard on the Last Day.

א֚וֹי אָדָ֣ם הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן מַ֖הוּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃ אָכֵ֧ן הוֹלִיכֵ֛נוּ לַמָּ֥וֶת וּלְגֵיהִנּ֖וֹם וּלְשַׁ֑חַת וַֽיִּגְרְשֶׁ֖נּוּ מֵחַיִּֽים׃ וַֽיּוֹלִיכֵ֛נוּ כֹּשְׁלִ֥ים גֵּיְּהִנּ֖וֹמָה וּמְצוּלוֹתָ֑יו כִּ֨י עָבַ֤ר אֶת־הַמִּצְוֹת֙ וְאֶת־הַחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נָתַ֛ן יֶהִוַ֥הֵ ל֖וֹ פֶּן־יַ֥עֲבֹרֵֽם׃ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ לִפְקֻ֣דָּתָ֔יו לִמְנֹ֛עַ מֵאֱכֹ֥ל וּמִשְּׁת֖וֹת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם וְלָכֵ֗ן הֵבִיא֙ גֵּ֣יהִנּ֔וֹם וְאִ֧שָּׁיו לֹא־יְכַבּ֛וּ וְתֹלְעוֹתָ֖יו לֹ֥א תִּשָּׁנֶֽה׃

O Adam, first (of mankind), what hast thou done? Thou hast guided us to death, Hell, and destruction and hast driven us away from life. Thou hast guided us to Hell, stumbling, and to precipices, for thou hast transgressed the commandments, precepts, and laws that God gave thee in order that thou shouldst not transgress. Thou hast disobeyed His orders not to eat and not to drink certain things and thus hast brought about Hell, the fire of which shall not be quenched and whose worm shall not sleep.

מֵחַטָּאָ֣ה אַחַ֔ת גֹּרַ֥שׁ אָדָ֖ם מִגַּ֣ן הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה וּמֹשֶׁ֤ה הַצַּדִּיק֙ הֵשִׁיבָ֔נוּ גַּן־הָעֲדָנִ֖ים גַּן־עֵֽדֶם׃ וְעִמּוֹ֙ הַנְּבִיאִ֣ים הַצַּדִּיקִ֔ים וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֕ים אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְאֵלִיָּ֖הוּ וּשְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וְהַמְּלָכִ֕ים דָּוִ֥ד וִיחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ וְיֹאשִׁיָּֽהוּ׃ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ שׁ֤וּבוּ אֶל־יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֹּרָאֲכֶ֔ם בָּרִאשׁוֹנָ֖ה וּבַשְּׁנִיָּ֑ה מִמּ֥וֹלַדְתֵּיכֶ֖ם וְעַד־מוֹתֵיכֶֽם׃ עִזְבוּ֙ מִכׇּל־אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְשִׁמְּר֖וּ אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ׀ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ חַנּ֤וּן וְרַחוּם֙ אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֣סֶד וּצְדָקָ֔ה וְה֥וּא נוֹשֵׂ֖א פֶּ֥שַׁע וְחַטָּאָֽה׃ וְאַחֲרֵיהֶם֙ הַ֣נְּבִיאִ֔ים אֵלִיָּ֖הוּ וֶאֱלִישָׁ֑ע וְחַגַּ֖י וּזְכַרְיָ֥ה הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ וַֽיַּסְתִּיר֖וּם עֲנָ֥נִי־אֵ֑ל תָּמִ֕יד בְּעֵ֥ת יְצִיאַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Because of one sin, Adam went out of the garden of joy, but the just Moses put us back into the garden of delight, the Garden of Edom. With him were the just prophets, the priests Aaron, Elijah, Samuel, and the kings David, Hezekiah, and Josiah, saying: “Come back to God who created you the first and the second time, from your birth until your death. Abandon all others and save your souls because God, your Lord, is merciful, long-suffering, abundant in grace and just. He forgives sins and faults.” And after them, the prophets Elijah, Elisha, Haggai, and the priest Zechariah [will come]. The clouds of God always overshadowed them as at the time when the children of Israel went out [of Egypt].

12. וַיְהִי֩ כִּ֨י עָשָׂ֤ה אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֣סֵּכָ֔ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתְנ֤וּ־לָהֶם֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב בְּמָק֥וֹם אֶחָ֖ד יִהְיֽוּ׃ וְהֻבְדְּל֞וּ מִכׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לֹא־נָתְנ֣וּ ׀ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱמִ֤ינוּ בֶּיהִוַ֙הֵ֙ וְהִתְפַּלְּל֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְעָ֥בְדוּ ל֖וֹ בִּלְבָבָ֑ם וְהֻבְדְּל֖וּ בְּחַיֵּיהֶֽם׃

12. When Aaron made the molten (calf), God said to Moses: “They who gave him gold and silver [to make the statue] shall be in one place, separated from those who gave not gold or silver, who believed in God, worshiped Him, and served Him in their hearts. They shall be separated in their lives.”

וַֽיִּחַ֥ר אַף־מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאַהֲרֹ֑ן וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בִּ֚י אֲדֹנִ֔י כִּי֩ אָמְר֨וּ הָעָ֤ם לִי֙ עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים וְנִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֤ה לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ וְנַעֲבוֹדָ֔ם כִּ֣י ׀ מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃ וָאִירָ֖א וְאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם הֵבִ֛יאוּ כֶּ֥סֶף וְזָהָ֖ב וּתְנ֥וּ אֵלִֽי׃ וָאֶתְּנֵ֣ם לַצּוֹרֵ֔ף וַיֵּ֥צֶר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ תְּמוּנַ֣ת מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַֽיִּשְׂמְח֤וּ הָעָם֙ וַֽיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַֽיִּצְחֲק֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ דְּבָרִ֥ים סְכָלִֽים׃ וַיִּקַּ֧ח מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶת־הַפֶּ֖סֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר־עָשׂ֑וּ וַֽיְשַׁבֵּ֤ר אוֹתוֹ֙ וַיִּטְחַן֙ עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֔ק וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה לֹ֚א כׇּל־אִ֔ישׁ הוּא־אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לִ֖י כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב אַ֚ךְ הַשְׁקֵה־נָ֔א רַ֛ק לַאֲשֶֽׁר־נָתְנ֖וּ לִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּה֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה א֔וֹת מִפִּ֥י כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א הָ֑יוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וַֽיִּ֣תְעַמֵּ֗ד בֵּ֚ין אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנ֔וּ וּבֵ֖ין אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־נָתָ֑נוּ וַֽיִּבְלְע֖וּ אֶת־הַזָּהָֽב׃ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹא־נָתְנוּ֙ הִ֣תְנַגְּד֔וּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתְנ֖וּ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֑ב וַֽיַּצִּ֣ילוּ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹ֨א הָיָ֤ה זָהָב֙ בְּפִיהֶ֔ם וַיִּהְי֖וּ חֵ֥לֶק יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֮ זָהָב֒ מַשְׂטִינֵ֤י יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ הָי֔וּ וַיָּמֻ֙תוּ֙ בָּעֹנֶ֔שׁ וּמִ֣סְפָּרָ֔ם שֶׁ֥בַע מֵא֖וֹת וְעֶשְׂרִ֣ים־אָ֑לֶף וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־נָ֥תְנוּ כֶּ֖סֶף לֹ֥א מֵֽתוּ׃ מֵהֶ֤ם יָצְאוּ֙ זֵדִ֣ים וְגֵאִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֑ינוּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ לְדִבְרֵ֥י מֹשֶֽׁה׃ וַֽיִּפָּרְדוּ֙ מִמַּחֲנֶ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כׇּל־אִ֥ישׁ מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ וּמֵאֶחָ֑יו וַֽיְּפָרֵד֙ אִ֣ישׁ וַחֲבֵרָ֔יו מִשְּׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר בְּנֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב׃ וּמִסְפָּרָ֕ם תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וְאַלְפַּ֖יִם וְעֶ֣שֶׂר רְבָב֑וֹת וַֽיָּבֹ֤אוּ עַד־שְׂדֵה֙ עִ֣יר הַיְּבוּסִ֔י נֶ֥גֶד הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וִיבֽוּס׃ וַיַּ֣חֲנוּ שַׁ֔מָּה וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם עַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְהֵ֥ם רְחוֹקִ֖ים מֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהִֽים׃

The anger of Moses was kindled against Aaron, and Aaron said to Moses: “My master, the people said to me: ‘Make us gods to whom we may prostrate ourselves and whom we may worship, since we know not what has become of Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt.’ I was afraid and said to them: ‘Bring gold and silver and give it to me.’ I gave it to the Silversmith who made of it a molten idol. The people were glad, they ate, enjoyed themselves, and did foolish things.” Moses took the molten idol which they had made, broke it, ground it to powder, and gave it to the children of Israel to drink. Aaron said to Moses: “Not all of them gave me gold and silver, give drink only to those who gave to me.” Moses said to him: “I shall make a sign from the mouths of those who [gave and those who gave] not,” and he gave drink to all Israel. He placed himself between those who gave and those who gave not, and they swallowed the gold. Those who gave not [then destroyed?] those who gave gold and silver, and those who had not gold in their mouths were safe, and they became the portion of God. Those who gave gold were the adversaries of God, and they died in punishment to the number of twenty thousand and seven hundred. Those who gave [not] gold died not. [Later on] some of them were proud and haughty, believed not, and were disobedient to Moses. They separated themselves from the camp of Israel, each one from his family and from his brothers; each one with his companions separated himself from the twelve children of Jacob. They numbered one hundred two thousand and ninety and arrived at the plain of ʾIyārēwos toward the Jordan and Jebus. They encamped there and still abide there until today and are alienated from God, the Lord.

וּבַמֵּתִים֙ צַדִּיקִ֣ים הָ֔יוּ וֶהֱ֥יוּ אַנְשֵׁי־שֵׁ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ יֵ֚שׁ מֵהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א הִשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ וְלֹ֣א זָנ֑וּ וְלֹ֨א רָצ֤וּ לָתֵת֙ זָ֣הָב וָכֶ֔סֶף וְלֹ֣א זָנ֔וּ מֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהִֽים׃ מִן־הַיּוֹם֙ הַה֔וּא הָ֥יוּ אֲנָשִׁ֖ים לִמֻּדֵ֣י רָעָ֑ה לַעֲבֹד֙ אֱלִ֣ילֵי זָ֔ר וּלְנָאֲצֵ֛נִי וְלַעֲזֹ֥ב אֶת־חֻקַּ֖י וּבָרִיתִֽי׃ אַ֚ךְ יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־הַשָּׁ֑ב הַנְּדִיבִ֥ים וְהַתָּמִ֖ים וְהָעֲנָוִ֥ים וְהַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃

And those who died were saints, and they shall be men of renown on the last day? Many of them worshiped not [the golden calf], fornicated not, and desired not to give gold and silver. They went not awhoring away from God, the Lord. Ever since that day people became accustomed to do evil, to worship foreign gods, to offend me, and to abandon my law and my covenant. But God loves him who repents: the generous, the gentle, the humble, and the just.

13. וַ֠יְהִ֠י כִּ֨י קָמָ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ מִכִּסְּאָ֔הּ בַּבֹּ֖קֶר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַָיֵּלְכ֣וּ ׀ אַחַרֵ֣י שַׁבָּֽת־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ מַלְאָכִ֨ים שֵׁ֤שׁ מֵאוֹת֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וַתִּשְׁבַּ֥ח הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת אֶת־הַבּוֹרֵֽא׃ וַֽיִּשְׁבְּח֤וּ מַלְאָכִים֙ כְּשָׁל֣וֹשׁ מֵאָ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֥ע אֶ֖לֶף אֶת־הַשַּׁ֑בָּת וְהִנֵּה֩ שֵׁ֨שׁ מֵא֤וֹת וּשְׁמֽוֹנִים־אֶ֙לֶף֙ מִיְּמִ֔ינָהּ וּשְׁמוֹנָ֧ה מֵא֛וֹת וּשְׁמוֹנִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף מִשְּׂמֹאלָֽהּ׃ וַֽיְדַבֵּ֨ר יֶהִוַ֜הֵ עִם־הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וַֽיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לֶאֱכֹ֖ל מִפְּרִ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלִשְׁתֹּ֣ת וְלָנ֔וּחַ וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹ֥ת וּלְהִתְפַּלֵּ֖ל וּלְחָנֵֽן׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נְתַתִּ֑יךְ הֵ֖מָּה יֵרְד֥וּ עַמֵּֽךְ׃ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹ֤א יְשַׁבְּחוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ וְלֹ֛א יִקְרְא֥וּ בְּשֵׁם־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּשַׁבַּתִּ֑י וְעָבְר֨וּ אֶת־חֻקַּ֤י וּמִצְוֹתַי֙ עִם־הָרְשָׁעִ֔ים הֵ֖מָּה יְזֻוָּֽגוּ׃

13. When the Sabbath rose from her seat on Friday morning six hundred and forty thousand angels followed the Sabbath of God, and the Sabbath worshiped the Creator. About four thousand and three hundred praised the Sabbath; six hundred and eighty thousand were to her right, eight hundred and eighty thousand to her left. God conversed with the Sabbath. He gave the Sabbath [to Israel] to eat the fruits of the earth, to drink, to rest, to worship, to pray, and to show mercy. God said: “They to whom I gave thee shall descend with thee. They who praise not, are not submissive, invoke not God on my Sabbath, and transgress my laws and commandments shall be coupled with the wicked.”

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֡הֵ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מַכְבְּדֵךְ֮ הֵ֣מָּה כְּכִבְּד֒וּנִי֒ וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר מְחַלְּלֵ֜ךְ הֵ֣מָּה כְּחִלְּל֗וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עוֹבְדֵךְ֙ הֵ֣מָּה כַּעֲבָד֔וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מְקַבְּלֵ֖ךְ הֵ֣מָּה כְּקִבְּל֑וּנִי וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עוֹשֵׂ֤י יוֹם־הַשַּׁבָּת֙ עֹ֔נֶג הֵ֧מָּה בְּעֵינַ֛י כִּנְדִיבֵ֥י נְדָב֖וֹת אֵלַֽי׃ אָ֚ז נָתַ֔תִּי אֶת־כׇּל־סִפְרֵ֖י תּוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶֽׁה׃ אֲנִ֤י יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ כָּתַ֣בְתִּי בְּיָדַ֔י וּבְאֶצְבְּעוֹתַ֖י הַקְּדוֹשׁ֑וֹת אֶת־שְׁנֵ֛י לוּח֥וֹת הָאֲבָנִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר סִינַֽי׃ וְהֵ֥מָּה נִכְתָּבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֥ע אֱלֹהִֽים׃

And God said: “They who honor thee are as if they honored me, who dismiss thee are as if they dismissed me, who serve thee are as if they served me, who receive thee as if they received me, who make of the Sabbath a day of delight are considered as if they had made a loan to me. Then I gave all the books of the law to Moses. I, God, wrote with my hands and my holy fingers the two tables of stone on Mount Sinai.” They are written by the fingers of God.

וַתֹּ֥אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ מִמְּךָ֛ יָבֹ֖אוּ הַמִּצְוֹ֥ת וְהַחֻקִּֽים׃ אֲדוֹן֙ הָעִזּ֔וּז הַצַּדִּיקִ֖ים יְהַלְל֥וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶֽךָ׃ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא יֶהִוַהֵ֙ חֶ֣סֶד הַתָּמִ֔ים שִׁמְךָ֖ ט֥וֹב מְאֹֽד׃ אַתָּה֙ גְּדֻלַּ֣ת הָעֲנָוִ֔ים אַתָּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַצַּדִּיקִֽים׃ חַסְדְּךָ֥ וְהוֹדְךָ֖ וְרַחֲמֶ֥יךָ עִמֶּֽךָ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יֵרְד֥וּ אִתֵּֽךְ׃ וַתֹּ֤אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הַ֣אֲזֵן־בִּ֔י רַ֖ק דָּבָ֥ר אֶחָֽד׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ כֵּ֥ן אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵ֥עַ בָּֽךְ׃ כֹּ֚ל מַשְׂמִיחַ֣יִךְ וּמְכַבְּדַ֔יִךְ חַטָּאוֹתָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִזָּכֵֽרוּ׃ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֶּ֤ן צְדָקָה֙ בְּשַׁבָּ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְקַבְּלֵ֔ךְ אַחֲרֵ֥י הִתְרַחֲצוּת֖וֹ בַּמַּ֑יִם אֶתֵּ֥ן לָ֖ךְ לָשֵׂאת֥וֹ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ לַאֲשֶׁ֛ר יִתֶּ֥ן צְדָקָ֖ה בְּשַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ אֶתֵּן֙ ל֔וֹ תֵּשַׁ֧ע וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים הַמַּתָּנ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְתַתִּֽיךְ׃

The Sabbath said to God: “From Thee come the commandments and the law. [Thou art] the Lord of strength. The just praise Thy name. Thou, O Lord, art the grace of the gentle, Thy name is very good, Thou art the greatness of the humble, Thou art the God of the just. Thy lovingkindness, grandeur, and mercies are with Thee.” God said: “May [the angels] descend with thee.” The Sabbath said to God: “Hearken to me, [listen to] only one word.” God said to his Sabbath: “Yes, I listen to thee. He who celebrates thee and honors thee more than the other days, will not have his sins remembered. He who gives alms on the Sabbath, who receives thee after being washed in water, I permit thee to take him from me. To him who gives alms on the Sabbath of God, I shall give the forty-nine gifts I gave to thee.”

וַֽתֵּצֵ֥א הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֣ים מְשָׁרְתָ֑יו לְכ֖וּ רְד֥וּ עִמָּֽהּ׃ וַ֙יִּשְׁלָחֵ֔ם וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אַחֲרֶ֑יהָ וּמִסְפָּרָ֗ם מָאתַ֨יִם וְאַרְבָּעִ֤ים אֶ֙לֶף֙ וּשְׁל֣וֹשׁ מֵא֔וֹת וַֽיְבִיא֖וּהָ אָֽרְצָה׃ וַֽיַּגִּ֥ידוּ לֶיהִוַ֖הֵ אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אָדָ֑ם בַּיּ֨וֹם הַנִּקְרָ֤א לְאָדָם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַֽיְבִיאֵ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַֽיִּגְמֹ֤ל יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ לַכֹּ֔ל כְּמִ֣פְעֲלֵ֔יהֶם וּכְצִדְקָתָ֖ם וּכְתֻשְׁבַּחְתָּ֑ם וַֽיִּוָּדַ֥ע יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֥ים אֶת־חֶלְקָֽם׃

The Sabbath left the camp of God. God said to the angels, his servants: “Go, descend with her.” He sent them, and the angels followed, numbering two hundred forty thousand and three hundred. They brought her to earth. They reported the deeds of men to God on the day which was known to men as the Sabbath and they brought them before God. God rewarded them according to their deeds, their alms, and their praises. God let the angels know their parts.

וַיַּ֥רְא יֶהִוַ֖הֵ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר לֹ֨א תִּבְלֶ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ עַד־עוֹלָ֔ם וּפִרְיוֹתָהּ֙ לֹ֣א יִגְוָ֔עוּ שַׁבְּח֖וּנִי כׇּל־עַמִּֽים׃

God saw (all this) and said: “The (Sabbath) shall never be worn out, the fruit of the Sabbath shall not perish. Praise me, all people.”

אֵין־דָּבָ֥ר יִמָּכֵ֖ר בְּשַׁבָּֽת׃ נִשְׁמֹ֛ר אֶת־הַשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית כְּשַׁבָּֽת׃ מַשָּׂא֗וֹת בֵּין־אִ֤ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ לֹ֣א תְּשֻׁלַּ֔מְנָה בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא וְלֹ֥א כְּחַטָּאָ֖ה הִֽיא׃

Nothing should be traded on the Sabbath. Let us celebrate the seventh year as the Sabbath. The debts of one to the other shall not be repaid in that year and it shall not be considered as sin.

בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֔י תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה מְלֶאכֶ֣ת בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ וְהַלֶּ֛חֶם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִנָּתְנ֖וּ לֶיהִוַֽהֵ׃ לֹ֨א יִמָּנַ֧ע מֶ֛לַח מֵעַ֥ל קׇרְבָּ֖ן שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וּ֖צְדָקָֽה׃ נָ֥אוָה הִיא֙ שַׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לְקׇרְבְּנ֖וֹת רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֑וֹחַ וּצְדָקָ֖ה לֹ֥א תִּשָּׁכַֽח׃ לֹ֨א תָּב֤וֹאוּ רֵיקָם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַחֹ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־הַ֣מַּעֲשֵׂ֔ר בִּשְׁלֹ֖שֶׁת חַגֵּ֥י הַשָּׁנָֽה׃ וַֽיָּבִ֨יאוּ בְּנֵי־לֵוִ֤י מִסַּת֙ נְדָבָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽתִּסָּלַ֙חְנָה֙ חַטֹּא֣ות יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּכָּת֖וּב בְּתוֹרַ֥ת מֹשֶֽׁה׃

Do on Friday the work for your house, as well as for the bread which is to be offered to God. Salt shall not be omitted in the sacrifice of the Sabbath of God, nor shall the alms [be omitted]. The Sabbath of God is made for offerings of a sweet savor and alms should not be forgotten. Come not empty to God on the Sabbath and on the day of the New Moon; (bring) the tithe at the three festivals of the year (?). The children of Levi shall bring tribute to God so that the sins of Israel shall be forgiven, as it is written in the Law of Moses.

וַתֵּ֨רֶד הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אַ֨רְצָה בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי֙ בִּשְׁעַ֣ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֔ית עַד־י֥וֹם רִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּצֵ֣את הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וַֽתֵּ֤רֶא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־פְּעֻלּ֣וֹת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וּמִצְוֹתָ֖ו וְתוֹרָתֽוֹ׃ מִשְׁפַּ֣ט הַצַּדִּיקִ֗ים וּתְפִלּוֹתֵיהֶ֨ם וְצִדְקוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם וּבִרְכוֹתֵיהֶם֙ וְתֻשְׁבְּח֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם יֵרָ֥אוּ לְפָנֶ֖יהָ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וְהַמּוֹרְדִ֣ים וְהָרְשָׁעִ֔ים רוֹעֲדִ֖ים עַל־חַטֹּאותָֽם׃

The Sabbath descended from Heaven to the earth on Friday at the ninth hour (and remained) until Sunday at the rising of the sun so that the earth might see the deeds of the Sabbath, its commandments, and its laws. The justice of the just, their praises, alms, blessings, and adoration are presented to her on Sunday, while the rebellious and the wicked tremble because of their sins.

וַתֹּ֖אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת לְמִ֤יכָאֵל֙ וְגַ֣בְרִיאֵ֔ל וִירַ֣חְמִיאֵ֔ל וְא֥וּרִיאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹֽר׃ הֵבִ֥יאוּ־לִי֙ אֶת־כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לִ֔י וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר מַאֲמִינִ֖ים בִּ֑י וַאֲשֶֽׁר־לֹ֥א מַזְנִיחֵ֛נִי וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר שׁוֹמְרֵ֖נִי וּמְקַבְּלֵֽנִי׃ וַיָּ֨רׇץ מִיכָאֵ֤ל עִם־צִבְאוֹתָיו֙ וַיֵּ֔רֶד וַיֶּאֱחֹ֛ז בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־הָ֖יוּ לַשַּׁבָּ֑ת כְּאָ֥מְרָה־ל֖וֹ הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וַיִּלָּחֲמ֗וּ צִבְאוֹת֙ מִ֣יכָאֵ֔ל עִם־צִבְא֖וֹת בֶּ֣רְנַאֵ֑ל וַיׇּאֳחֲזוּ֙ בְּצִ֣פׇּרְנֵיהֶ֔ם בַּצְּבוּעִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה צְבָ֥א גֵּיהִנּֽוֹם׃ וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֥וּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁא֣וֹלָה תַּחְתִּיּ֑וֹת וַֽיַּכֵּ֖ם בְּלֶחָיֵיהֶֽם׃ וַֽיְנַצְּח֖וּ עַל־צִבְא֣וֹת בֶּרְנַאֵ֑ל וַֽיַּכְנִיע֖וּם כְּמִפְעֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ וַיַּ֨עַל מִיכָאֵ֤ל הַשְׁבָּ֙תָה֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֔יהָ לֵאמֹ֕ר צְרָר֖וּנִי רֹכְבֵ֥י גֵּיהִנּ֑וֹם וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ עָלַֽי׃

The Sabbath said to Michael, Gabriel, Rumāʾēl, and Uriel: “Bring to me all those who are mine, who believe in me, who neglect me not, who observe me and accept me.” Michael ran with his hosts, descended, and seized all those who belonged to the Sabbath, as the Sabbath told him. The hosts of Michael fought with the hosts of Běrnāʾēl, and with their nails they took these hypocrites, the host of Hell, by the throat. They drove them to the bottom of Sheol and slapped them on the cheeks. They overpowered the hosts of Běrnāʾēl and subjugated them according to their deeds. Michael ascended to the Sabbath and said to her: “The riders of Hell assailed me and took me by force.”

וַתֹּ֨אמֵר הַשַּׁבָּ֜ת לִפְנַ֣י יֶהִוַ֗הֵ אֲדֹנָ֤י בּוֹרְאַי֙ הַשְׁלִטֵ֤נִי־נָא֙ עַל־א֣וֹהֲבַ֔י וְעַל־כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־לִ֑י וְאַל־תִּמְנַ֥ע מִמֶּ֖נִּי עֵת־עֲבָדַֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֣ת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֤ה אֶתֵּן־לָךְ֙ אֶת־כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לָ֔ךְ כְּבִקַּ֧שְׁתְּ מִמֶּ֛נִּי וְאֵת־כׇּל־שֹׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְוֹ֖ת הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ כׇּל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵּבֵ֖ל וְלֹא־שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַמִּצְוֹ֑ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יִ֥גְעֹר־בָּֽם׃ אַ֕ךְ לְמַ֥עַן יִרְאֵ֖י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לְפָנָ֔יו לְמַ֙עַן֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם בַּיּ֖וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃ וְלִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ תֹּאמַ֑ר בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ אָנֹכִ֣י אָעִ֔יד לִירֵאַ֖י וּלְיוֹדְעַֽי׃ אַ֕ךְ לְמַזְנִיחַ֖י וּלְלֹא־יוֹדְעֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ יֹ֥אחֲזוּ־בָּם֙ צִבְא֣וֹת בֶּרְנַאֵ֔ל וַֽיַּשְׁלִיכ֥וּ אֶת־הַחֹטִ֖אים גֵּיהִנּֽוֹמָה׃

The Sabbath said to God: “O Lord, my Creator, give me power over those who love me, and over those who are mine, and withhold not my servants from me.” God said to the Sabbath: “I shall give thee all those who are thine, as thou hast asked me, and those who observe the commandments of the Sabbath.” Those who live upon the earth, and observe not the commandments, will be rebuked by God. And for those who fear God, the Sabbath will stand before Him (and defend) the children of Adam on the last day. And she will say to God: “On that day I shall be witness for those who fear me and know me. And as for those who disregard me and know not God, the hosts of Běrnāʾēl will seize them and will throw the sinners into Hell.”

14. וֶיהִוַ֞הֵ נָתַ֤ן אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּצֵ֥את יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ וְהַשַּׁבָּ֛ת עַם־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ הָיְתָ֣ה בִּמְע֑וֹנוֹ מִכׇּל־הָעוֹלָֽם׃ וְלֹ֥א־יָצְאָה֙ מִפִּי־יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בִּמְרַחֶ֛פֶת ר֥וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ לֹ֥א גְּלוּיָ֖ה הִ֣יא הָיְתָ֑ה וְע֥וֹד לֹ֖א מוּכָֽנֶת׃ וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֖ין הַחֹ֑שֶׁךְ וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֥רָא לָֽיְלָה׃ וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֶת־הַמַּ֗יִם וַֽיִּקָּחֵ֣ם בְּיָדָיו֮ וַ֣יִּפַּח־בָּם֒ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ׀ אֶת־שְׁמֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֛שֶׂם בִּרְקִ֥יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֖יִם לְהָאִ֥יר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃ וַיִּבְרָ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וַֽיִּקְרָ֣א בָּ֔הּ תֻּמָּ֥ה אוּרִיָּ֖ה וּבֹאַ֣י וּמֹאַ֑י וַֽיִּקְרָ֧א בַּיָּרֵ֛חַ א֖וֹר הַחֹשֶֽׁךְ׃ הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ מַבְדִּילָ֤ה בֵּינָהּ֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ כׇּל־הַשָּׁנָ֖ה וּלְהַצְלָחָ֑ה לְמַ֨עַן יַצְלִ֤יחַ כׇּל־דָּבָר֙ הַפּוֹרֵ֔חַ וְהַצּוֹמֵ֖חַ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וַיִּבְרָ֥א אוֹת֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הָרְבִיעִֽי׃ וּבַיּ֧וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁ֣י בָּרָ֗א אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִ֥ים הַגְּדוֹלִ֖ים בִּתְהוֹמ֣וֹת הַמַּ֑יִם בְּרוּאֵ֤י הַבָּשָׂר֙ הָרִ֣אשׁוֹנִ֔ים אֲשֶֽׁר־נִבְרָ֥א בְּיָדָ֖יו הֵֽמָּה׃ וַֽיִּבְרָ֗א גַּ֚ם אֶת־כׇּל־חַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֛ר רוֹמֵ֥שׂ בַּמַּ֖יִם וּבַמַּעֲיָנִ֑ים וְאֶת־כׇּל־ע֖וֹף לְמִינֽוֹ׃ וַתֵּ֤צֵא הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לְהָבִ֥יא הַצְלָחָ֖ה לְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְאֶת־כׇּל־צוֹמֵ֙חַ֙ מִן־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה וְאֵת־כׇּל־עֵ֥ץ עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִ֖י וְאֶת־כׇּל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ וַיִּבְרָ֛א אֶת־שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הַמִּינִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה בַּיּ֖וֹם הַחֲמִישִֽׁי׃ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַ֠שִּׁשִּׁ֠י בָּרָ֨א אֶת־כׇּל־חַיּ֤וֹת הָאָרֶץ֙ וְאֵ֣ת כׇּל־בְּהֵמָ֔ה וְאֵת־כׇּל־הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וְאַ֥חַר כָּךְ֙ בָּרָ֣א אֶת־הָאָדָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֖ה בָּרָ֣א אוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּשְׁלִיט֗וּם מֵעַל֙ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמֵעַ֤ל כׇּל־הַמַּרְבִּים֙ וּמֵעַ֣ל הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וּמֵעַ֤ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר֙ רֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָרֶ֔ץ וּמֵעַ֖ל כׇּל־הָאָרֶֽץ׃ וַֽיַּ֣שְׁלִיט֔וּם מֵעַ֛ל כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּ֖רָא בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑י וַיִּהְי֥וּ מִינִ֖ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃ וַיְכַל֩ בְּי֨וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֜י אֶת־כׇּל־מְלַאכְתּ֗וֹ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר־בַּשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְעַ֣ל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְיָמִ֣ים וּבַתְּהֹמ֔וֹת וּבָא֥וֹר וּבַחֹשֶׁ֖ךְ וּבַכֹּ֑ל וַיִּ֨תֵּן לָ֜נוּ א֤וֹת גְּדֹלָה֙ י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לָנ֖וּחַ מִכׇּל־עֲבוֹדָֽה׃ וּלְכׇל־מַלְאֲכֵ֤י הַפָּנִים֙ וּלְכׇל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ שְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּינִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה צִוָּה֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣ר אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

14. God gave the Sabbath to Moses when Israel left Egypt. And the Sabbath was with God in His residence from all eternity. She went not from the mouth of God when the spirit of God moved upon the face of waters. She was not visible and was not yet ready. Then God divided the light from the darkness, and He called the light day, and the darkness He called night. God separated the waters, took them in His hands, blew into them and made the Heaven of Heavens. [And He let the lights be] for seasons, for days, for years, and for signs and placed them in the firmament of the Heaven to give light upon the earth. And God made the [two] great lights, the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night, together with the stars. God created the sun and called it Tomās, ʾUryās, Bawāʾi and Mawāʾi, and He called the moon “the light of darkness.” It (the sun) divides (the light) from the darkness all through the year and is also for prosperity, that all things may prosper which blossom and grow upon the earth. God created this on the fourth day. On the fifth day He created the great sea monsters in the depths of the waters; these were the first creatures of ﬂesh that were created by His hands. He also created every living creature that moves in the waters and in the wells and every winged fowl after its kind. And the sun rose above them to make everything that was upon the earth prosper; everything that shoots out of the earth and all the fruit-bearing trees and all ﬂesh. These three kinds He created on the fifth day. On the sixth day He created all the animals of the earth and all cattle and everything that moves on the earth. And after that He created mankind; man and woman created He and gave them dominion over all that is upon the earth and over everything that multiplies and over the beasts and over everything that moves on the earth and over the whole earth. He gave them dominion over all this that He created on the sixth day. And there were twenty-two kinds. After finishing all His work on the sixth day, all that is in the heavens and on the earth, in the seas and in the abysses, in the light and in the darkness, and in everything, He gave us a great sign, the Sabbath day, for a rest from all work. And all the Angels of Presence, and all the holy angels, these two kinds, He ordered to keep the Sabbath in Heaven and on earth.

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הִנֵּ֕ה אַ֥בְדִּיל־עַ֖ם מִכׇּל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְהֵ֥מָּה יִשְׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ וְקִדַּשְׁתִּ֨י אֶת־הָעָ֜ם וּבֵרַכְתִּ֗ים גַּ֤ם כְּקִדַּ֙שְׁתִּי֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כֵּ֥ן אֲקַדְּשֵׁ֖ם וּבֵרַכְתִּ֑ים וְהָיוּ־לִ֣י לְעָ֔ם וַאֲנִ֕י אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִֽים׃ הִנֵּ֤ה בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ בְּזֶ֣רַע יַעֲקֹ֔ב מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־רָאִיתִ֑י וְהִנֵּ֤ה כְּתַבְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ לְבֵ֣ן בָּחוּרִ֔י וַֽאֲקַדְּשֵׁ֥הוּ לִ֖י לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ הִנֵּ֨ה אֲלַמְּדֵ֜ם אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת וְעָלָיו֙ יִשְׁמְר֣וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת חׇפְשִׁ֖י מִכׇּל־מְלָאכָ֑ה כִּ֥י נְתַתִּ֖יהָ א֥וֹת לָהֶֽם׃ גַּ֚ם מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֔יִם יִשְׁמְר֖וּ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יְקַיֵּם֙ אֶת־מִצְוָת֔וֹ יַעֲלֶ֖ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיח֑וֹחַ וְקֻבַּ֥ל לְפָנָ֖יו עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃

And he said to them: “Behold, I shall separate (unto myself) a people from among the peoples and they will keep the Sabbath day. And I shall sanctify the people and bless them. As I have sanctified the Sabbath day, even so shall I sanctify them and bless them, and they will be my people and I shall be their God. I have chosen the seed of Jacob from among all that I have seen, and I have written him down as my first-born son, and have sanctified him unto myself for ever and ever. I shall teach them the Sabbath day that they may keep the Sabbath thereon, free from all work. For I gave it to them as a sign. The angels of Heaven as well shall keep the Sabbath. He who accomplishes His command will raise a sweet savor that will be accepted before Him for all time.”

15. שְׁנֵ֨ים עָשָׂ֤ר רָֽאשֵׁי־עַם֙ הֵ֔מָּה מֵאָדָ֖ם וְעַ֣ד מֹשֶׁ֑ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֨ים וּשְׁנַ֤יִם הֵ֙מָּה֙ מִינֵ֣י הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה הָ֣עֲשׂוּיִ֔ים מִיּ֥וֹם הָרִאשֹׁ֖ן עַד־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי׃

15. There are twelve heads of mankind from Adam to Moses, and twenty-two kinds of work were made from the first day until the seventh day.

זֶ֚הוּ בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֔וֹשׁ וְגַ֥ם זֶ֖הוּ בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֑וֹשׁ וְזֶ֙הוּ֙ מְשָׁרֵ֣ת עִם־זֶ֔הוּ לִקְדֻשָּׁ֖ה וְלִבְרָכָֽה׃ וְהַשַּׁבָּ֣ת ׀ נְתוּנָ֣ה ל֔וֹ תָּמִ֛יד לִהְי֥וֹת י֖וֹם בָּר֣וּךְ וְקָד֑וֹשׁ מוֹעֵ֖ד וְחֹ֥ק הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ הֻקְדַּ֑שׁ וְגַ֥ם בֹּרַ֖ךְ בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃

This one is blessed and holy, and this one too is blessed and holy. And this one serves with that one for sanctification and blessing. The Sabbath was granted to him to be always a blessed and a holy day, a testimony, and the first law. He was sanctified and blessed on the Sabbath.

בָּרָא֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ וּמִקֵּ֗ץ שְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ וּתְשַׁ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ שָׁבוּע֔וֹת יִמְשֹׁ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּֽבְּרַא־מַ֑סְקַל וְהוּסְפ֛וּ אַרְבַּ֥ע תְּקֻפ֖וֹת בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃ וְאַחֲרָ֙יו֙ יִמְשְׁל֣וּ אֲחֵרִ֔ים מֵהֶם֙ טוֹבִ֣ים וְתָמִ֔ים וְהוֹלְכֵ֖י מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּמֵהֶ֗ם רָעִ֤ים וְזֵדִים֙ וּרְשָׁעִ֤ים וְעוֹשְׁקִים֙ וְגוֹזְלִ֔ים וְלֹא־יַעֲשׂ֣וּ מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וְגָזְלוּ֙ אֶת־רְכ֣וּשׁ אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַעֲשָׁק֧וּם חִנָּ֛ם וְקִלְּל֥וּ אֶת־הַיָּת֖וֹם וְהָאַלְמָנָֽה׃ וְלָכֵ֗ן יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אָד֣וֹן הַכֹּ֔ל יַסְתִּ֥יר אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו מֵהֶֽם׃

The first day He created Heaven and earth. After nine hundred and twelve weeks the king Gabra Masqal will govern;four cycles will be added at his time. Others will reign after him; some of them will be good and perfect, and will walk in justice; others will be bad, forward, unjust, oppressors, extortioners; they will not do justice and will steal the belongings of others, they will oppress them without cause, and they will insult the widow and orphan. Therefore God, the Lord of all, will hide Himself from them.

16. בַּיּ֣וֹם הַחֲמִישִׁ֔י תָּבִ֥יאוּ זֶ֖בַח לֶיהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַמַּלְאָכִ֔ים כִּי־לֹ֥א הֻקְדְּשָׁ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיָּקוּמ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ אֶל־מַלְאָכָ֔יו לַמָּ֥ה בָּ֖אתֶם אֵלַ֑י וַיֹּאמְר֛וּ מַלְאֲכֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ עִם־בּוֹרְאֵֽהוּ׃ כׇּל־אֶחָ֤ד מֵהֶם֙ הָלַ֣ךְ לְמַחֲנֵ֔הוּ וַֽיֵּ֖שֶׁב בְּאׇהֳלֽוֹ׃ וַיַּחְשְׁב֧וּ בִּלְבָבָ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו בְּמִשְׁכְּנֹתָ֑ם וַיָּבוֹא֤וּ מִמׇּחֳרָת֙ אֶל־מִיכָאֵ֣ל וְגַבְרִיאֵ֔ל וִירַחְמְאֵ֥ל וּרְמִיאֵ֖ל וְאוּרִיאֵֽל׃ וַֽיְדַבְּרוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וַֽיִּתְפַּלְּלוּ֙ וַֽיִּמְלְא֣וּ יִרְאָ֔ה וַיִּכְרְע֥וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ תַּחַ֥ת רַגְלָֽיו׃ עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֑ים עַצְמָ֤ם אָמְרוּ֙ קָד֣וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֔וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ שִׁמְךָ֥ לְעוֹלָֽם׃ וַֽיִּסְגְּד֣וּ וַֽיִּתְפַּלְּל֔וּ מִבֹּ֖קֶר וְעַד־עָ֑רֶב וְלֹ֨א יָכְל֧וּ לָק֧וּם וְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם כָּבֵֽדוּ׃ וַיִּכְרְע֥וּ וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ עַל־אוֹדֹ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וַיִּמְנַ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהַרְאוֹתָ֖ם חָֽסֶד׃ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֥ם וְיִצְחָ֖ק וְיַעֲקֹ֑ב עֲבָדַ֗י לֹ֤א דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ עִמָּ֔ם נְאֻ֣ם יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לֹ֥א נְתַתִּ֖יהָ לָהֶֽם׃ וַֽיַּ֥חְשְׁבוּ ע֖וֹד מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְלֹ֤א יִנָּ֙מּוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשָּׁ֔נוּ וְלֹ֥א שָׁבְת֖וּ מֵחֶ֥שְׁבּוֹנוֹתֵֽיהֶם׃ וַיָּק֙וּמוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיַּעַמְד֖וּ בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת רִבּ֣וֹא רִבּוֹאִ֗ים וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֜וֹת וְתֵשַׁ֤ע אֲלָפִים֙ מִיָּמִ֣ין לָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאַלְפֵ֥י רְבָב֖וֹת מִשְׂמֹאֽלוֹ׃ וַֽיַּעַמְדוּ תִּשְׁעָ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעָה֙ י֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְנַ֥ע הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־בַּקָּשָׁתָֽם׃ וְיֹאמְר֨וּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר חָלִ֤ילָה לְךָ֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י תְּנֶֽנּוּ־נָ֖א אֶת־א֣וֹר כְּבוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֖נוּ בְּא֥וֹר כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ׃ וַֽיָּק֖וּמוּ אִ֣ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמ֑וֹ וַֽיּוֹסִ֖יפוּ בְּתִשְׁבָח֥וֹת וּבְשִׁירֽוֹת׃

16. …On the fifth day you shall bring offerings to God. The angels saw that (the Sabbath) was not sanctified on that day, and they stood before God. God said to His angels: “Why came you to me?” And the angels of God said to their Creator… Each of them went to his encampment and stayed in his tent. They reﬂected in their hearts, united in their dwellings, and came on the next day to Michael, Gabriel, Rufāʾēl, Rumāʾēl, and Uriel. The angels of God spoke, stood before God, prayed, were filled with awe, bowed down, and prostrated themselves at His feet. And while prostrating themselves they said: “Holy, Holy, Holy is Thy name for ever.” They worshiped and bowed down from morning until evening, and they were unable to get up and their eyes were heavy. They bowed down and prostrated themselves because of the Sabbath, but God was not willing to show them compassion. And God said to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: “My servants, I spoke not to them,” said God, “I gave it not to them,” said God. The angels of God deliberated again, they slept not, slumbered not, nor ceased to reﬂect. The angels of God rose and stood on the Sabbath day, one hundred million seven hundred and nine thousand [?] at the right of God, and thousands and myriads at His left. They stood for forty-nine days before God, and God rejected their request. The angels said: “Be it far from Thee, Lord, give us the light of Thy glory, and destroy us not by the light of Thy glory.” They stood, each of them at his place, and continued with praises and songs.

וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הָעוֹמְדִ֣ים בְּכָב֔וֹד לִפְנֵ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לֵאמֹֽר׃ אַתָּ֤ה הוּא֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֔רֶץ בָּר֥וּךְ ׀ בָּר֖וּךְ בָּר֑וּךְ אַתָּ֨ה ה֤וּא שׁוֹכֵן֙ בִּשְׁמֵ֣י שָׁמַ֔יִם אַתָּ֨ה ה֧וּא לְעוֹלָ֛ם מַלְכֵּ֥נוּ וּבוֹרְאֵ֖נוּ וְאָבִ֥ינוּ וַאֲדוֹנֵֽינוּ׃ אָנָּ֤א שְׁמַע־נָא֙ לָ֔נוּ וְהַבִּ֣יטָה־נָ֔א בְּחַסְדְּךָ֖ וּבְרַחֲמֶֽיךָ׃

The angels of Heaven and those from above the Heaven, standing respectfully before God, said: “Thou who art in Heaven and earth (be) blessed, blessed, blessed; Thou who dwellest in the Heaven of heavens, Thou art the eternal King, our Creator, our Father and our Lord. We implore [Thee], listen to us, and look at us in Thy grace and mercy.”

וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ בָּרָקִ֥יעַ הַשֵּׁ֖נִי לֵאמֹ֑ר הַ֨לְּלוּ־יָ֔הּ יִשְׁתַּבַּ֥ח שִׁמְךָ֖ יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ יִתְבָּרַךְ֙ יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בַּיּ֧וֹם אֲשֶֽׁר־יָק֛וּם הַשָּׂטָ֥ן הַגָּד֖וֹל נֶגְדֵּֽנוּ׃ וַֽיַּעַמְד֗וּ בֵּ֚ין עַצְמָ֔ם כׇּל־אִ֖ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמ֑וֹ לְעַמּ֤וֹ וּלְמַעֲמָדוֹ֙ וּלְשִׁירָ֣יו וּלְתִשְׁבַּחְתּ֔וֹ וְלִגְמִילוּת֖וֹ הֶחָֽסֶד׃

And in the second heaven they said: “Hallelujah, Thy name be praised, O God. Deliver us by the splendor of Thy praise. May God be blessed on the day the great Satan will be opposed to us.” And they stood among themselves, each one in his encampment according to his people, his rank, his songs,his praise, and his action of grace.

וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ מַלְאֲכֵ֛י הָרָקִ֥יעַ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י לֵאמֹ֑ר הַ֨לְּלוּ־יָ֔הּ יִתְגַּדֵּ֤ל שִׁמְךָ֙ בֶּן־דֵּעָה־אֵ֔ל וּבַר־נָאֶה־אֵ֖ל וּבַר־שֶׁ֥בַח־אֵֽל׃ וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בִּקְרִיאַ֥ת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ה֤וּא אָבִ֙ינוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הַכֹּ֔ל וּמַלְכוּת֖וֹ עַל־כָּל־בְּרִיאוֹתָֽיו׃ וַֽיִּתֵּ֧ן יֶהִוַ֛הֵ לַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים אֶת־לַחְמָֽם׃ וַֽיֹּאכְל֤וּ הַמַּלְאָכִים֙ אֶת־מָנָ֔ם וַֽיְּמַדְּד֖וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥מוּ בְּאֵיפ֑וֹת וְהִנֵּ֖ה מִדָּת֥וֹ שָׁלֽוֹשׁ׃

The angels of the third heaven said: “Hallelujah, Thy name is glorified, Běndāʾēl, Běrnāʾēl, and Běršebāḥēl.” And God rejoiced at the invocation of His name. He is our Father, the King of all. He reigns over His creatures. Then God gave the angels their food. The angels ate their manna,measured and put it in with ʾafāʾif,and its dimension was three.

וַֽיָּשִׂ֙ישׂוּ֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ הַכֹּ֖ל בְּק֣וֹל אֶחָ֑ד וַֽיִּהְי֛וּ כֻּלָּ֥ם מֻשְׂמָחִ֖ים בִּתְהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ נָ֣תַן לָהֶ֣ם לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֑וּ וַֽיִּ֤תְהַלְּלוּ֙ מִגָּדֹ֣ל וְעַד־קָטֹ֔ן בְּשָׂשׂ֣וֹן וּבְשִׂמְחָ֔ה אֶת־יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּרָאָֽם׃ וַֽיַּעַמְד֨וּ כׇּל־אִ֤ישׁ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ֙ וַֽיְהַלְל֣וּהוּ בְּשִׁירֵיהֶ֔ם הֵ֖ם עִם־צִבְא֣וֹתֵיהֶ֑ם בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הַחֹ֗דֶשׁ בְּעֵ֨ת אֲשֶׁ֧ר פְּתֻח֛וֹת דַּלְתֵ֖י בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ כִּ֚י הֵ֔מָּה לֹ֖א סְגוּר֑וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ וְלֹ֥א בַּשַּׁבָּֽת׃

Then the angels of God rejoiced, all with one voice, and all of them were gladdened by His praise. While God gave them bread they ate and drank,and, great and small, they praised with joy and delight God who had created them. They rejoiced, praising God on the New Moon and on the Sabbath, and served God by praising His name. They stood, each of them at his place, and with their songs they praised Him, together with their hosts, on the New Moon when the doors of the house of God are open. For they are not closed on the New Moon nor on the Sabbath.

וְהִקְרִ֣יבוּ לֶיהִוַ֗הֵ כִּבְתוֹרַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י לֵוִ֔י פָּרִֻ֤ים שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ שִׁבְעָ֣ה כְּבָשִׂ֔ים וְאֵילִ֥ים שְׁנַ֖יִם טְהֹרִ֑ים וֶהֱבִיא֣וּם יְרוּשָׁלַ֗יְמָה מִתְּחִלַּת֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ עַ֥ד יִשְׁמְר֛וּהוּ בְּכׇל־י֥וֹם תָּמִ֖יד עַל־חַטָּא֥וֹת נַפְשׁוֹתֵֽיהֶם׃

They shall offer sacrifices to God according to the law of the children of Levi: three bullocks, seven lambs, and two pure rams;and they shall bring them to Jerusalem on the beginning of the New Moon until [?] and they shall observe it daily because of the sins of their souls.

וַיִּבְרָ֤א יֶהִוַ֙הֵ֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּ֥תֵּן לָ֖הּ לִבְנֵ֣י אֱנ֑וֹשׁ לְכַ֧פֵּר עַל־חַטֹּאותָ֛ם וַעֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם וּפִשְׁעֵֽיהֶם׃ אִ֨ם תַּקְרִ֤יב קׇרְבָּן֙ כֶּבֶ֣שׂ בֶּן־שָׁנָ֔ה וְשָׂעִ֖יר בֶּן־שָׁנָ֑ה לֹ֤א תִּסָּפֵ֙רְנָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם כׇּל־חַ֖טֹּאותֵיכֶֽם׃

God created the Sabbath and gave it to the children of man to forgive their faults, mischiefs, and sins; if you bring a sacrifice of a year-old sheep and of a year-old goat (on that day) the sins will not be counted against you.

הַשַּׁבָּ֥ת הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖ית הַתְּמִימִ֑ית הִ֖יא חַ֥ג הַקָּצִֽיר׃ וּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמׇּחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שִׁבְעָ֖ה שְׁבוּע֑וֹת וּבַיּ֨וֹם הַחֲמִשִּׁ֜ים לֹ֣א תָּרִ֗יבוּ וְלֹ֤א תְּטַיְּלוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א תַּרְכִּ֔ילוּ אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ וְהָיָ֕ה אַחֲרֵ֥י שְׁמִיעַ֖ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה כׇּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָ֖וֶן יֻשְׁמַֽדוּ׃

The seventh pure Sabbath is the Festival of the Harvest. Beginning on the day after the Sabbath you will count (seven) weeks, and on the fiftieth day you shall neither strive nor travel nor slander. I am God, your Lord. After having heard these words… all those who commit sins shall be destroyed.

וְעַתָּ֖ה מַלְאֲכֵ֣י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הַלְל֤וּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ֙ הַשּׁוֹמֵ֣ר אֶת־שַׁבַּתִּ֔י וְשִׁלַּמְתִּ֖יו מִשֻּׁלְחָנִֽי׃ לְמַ֖עַן הַשַּׁ֑בָּת יִתֶּ֣ן הַגֶּ֔פֶן עֶ֧שֶׂר מָנ֛וֹת מוּסָפ֖וֹת לִסְחִירָֽה׃

And now, O angels of Heaven, praise the man who observed my Sabbath. I shall reward him from my table. Because of the Sabbath the vine will give ten measures more for trading.

17. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֤הֵ אֶל־שַׁבַּתּוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכִי־רְדִ֖י אָ֑רְצָה וַתֵּ֣רֶד הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת מִשְּׁמֵ֤י מָרוֹם֙ אַ֔רְצָה בְּת֖וֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלָֽיִם׃ וַֽיְקַבְּל֖וּהָ הֶ֣בֶל וַחֲנ֑וֹךְ וּמַ֣לְכִּי־צֶ֔דֶק הַכֹּהֵ֖ן הַגָּדֽוֹל׃ וַֽיַּמְלִיכ֙וּהָ֙ כׇּל־מַלְאֲכֵ֣י יְהִוַ֔הֵ וַֽיִּתְפָּרְז֖וּ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם אַחֲרֵ֥י יְצִיאָתָ֖הּ מִכִּסְּאָֽהּ׃

17. God said to His Sabbath: “Go, descend to the earth.” And the Sabbath descended from the highest Heaven to the earth in the midst of Jerusalem. Abel, Enoch, and Melchizedek, the great priest, received her. And all the angels of God crowned her, and then they dispersed in the midst of Heaven after having departed from her throne.

כׇּל־מִתְעַנְּגֵ֥י הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וּמְכַבְּדֶ֣יהָ וְשֹׁמְרֶ֑יהָ כׇּל־חַטָּאתָ֖ם תְּכַפֵּֽרְנָה׃ כׇּל־נֹתְנֵ֤י צְדָקָה֙ וְשֹׁמְרֵ֣י דּוּמִיָּ֔ה וּמִתְפַּלְּלִ֖ים בְּלֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֑ם בַּשַּׁבַּ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ יֻצְּל֥וּ לְעוֹלָ֖ם וְשָׂמֵֽחוּ׃

Those who celebrate the Sabbath and honor her and observe her will have their sins remitted. Those who give alms, remain silent, and pray with a confident heart on the Sabbath of God shall be delivered forever and shall rejoice.

מַשְׁמַ֣ע שַׁבָּ֗ת ה֕וּא אֲנִ֥י יֶהִוַ֖הֵ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים נְאֻ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ זׇכְרֵנִי־נָ֖א בִּדְבָרִ֥ים טוֹבִֽים׃ כׇּל־מִתְפַּלְלִ֞ים בַּלֵּבָ֣ב יָשָׁ֗ר וּמְבַ֤קְּשֵׁי חֶ֙סֶד֙ בַּשַּׁבָּ֔ת כׇּל־חַטֹּאתָ֖ם תְּכַפֵּ֑רְנָה מִלְּבַ֗ד כׇּל־שֹׁמְרֵ֤י דּוּמִיָּה֙ וְנֹתְנֵ֣י צְדָקָ֔ה וּמִתְפַּלְּלִ֕ים בְּחַגֵּ֥י הַסֻּכּ֖וֹת וְהַקָּצִֽיר׃

Sabbath means “I am God, the Lord,” says God. Remember me with good words. Those who pray with a right heart, and ask for grace on the Sabbath, shall have their sins remitted, as will those who are silent and give aims and pray at the Feasts of the Tabernacles and of the Harvest.

תָּחֹג֙ אֶת־חַ֣ג הַפֶּ֔סַח בְּכׇל־שָׁנָ֖ה בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וּמוֹעֵ֖ד רֹ֥אשׁ הַחֹֽדֶשׁ׃ תִּתֶּ֨ן מַעֲשֵׂ֜ר מִכׇּל־דְּגָנֶ֗יךָ תָבִ֤יא מַעֲשֵׂר֙ תְּבוּאַ֣ת שָׂדֶ֔ךָ לַכֹּהֵ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וְסָלַ֖ח לְחַטֹּא֥ות אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃ נָת֣וֹן תִּתֵּ֔ן אֶת־רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאַ֣ת דְּגָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְחֹ֤ר בְּקָרְךָ֙ וְצֹאנֶ֔ךָ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁ֖ר קָנ֥וּ יָדֶֽיךָ׃

Thou shalt celebrate the Feast of Passover every year in its time, and the Festival of the New Moon. Thou shalt give tithe of all Thy corn, and thou shalt bring the tithe of the products of thy field to the priest, before God, and he will pardon the sins of men. [Thou shalt give] the first fruit of thy corn, the first-born of thine oxen and sheep, and of whatsoever thy hands have acquired.

אִ֕ם אֶת־כׇּל־מִצְוֹתַ֥י וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֖י תְּקַיֵּ֑מוּ הִנֵּה֙ אַבִּ֣יט עָלֶ֔יךָ נְאֻ֖ם יֶהִוַֽהֵ׃ אִ֨ם אֶת־מוֹעֲדַ֤י תִּשְׁמֹ֙רוּ֙ וְאֶת־שַׁבְּתוֹתַ֣י תִּתְעַנֵּ֔גוּ וְאֶת־חֻקּוֹתַ֖י תֵּלֵ֑֖כוּ אָנֹכִ֥י אֶהְיֶ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם׃ אַחֲרֵ֤י חִלִּיתִיו֙ הִרְעַבְתִּ֔יו הִנֵּ֖ה אֶעְשֵׂ֣הוּ גָּד֑וֹל וְהִצְטָרֵ֧ף בִּכְבוֹדִ֛י אִם־יִשְׁמֹ֖ר אֶת־מִצְוֹתַֽי׃ אִ֨ם לֹ֤א תִּשְׁמְרוּ֙ אֶת־מִצְוֹ֣ת יֶהִוַ֔הֵ וַתֵּלְכ֥וּ אַחַ֛ר הַיֵּ֥צֶר הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֖י לִשְׁכּ֣וֹן בְּלֹא־צֶ֑דֶק אֲנִ֨י יֶהִוַ֤הֵ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ אֶ֣גְרׇשְׁכֶ֔ם כִּגְרַ֥שְׁתִּיכֶ֖ם מֵאַרְצְכֶֽם׃ וְשָׁלַחְתִּי֙ אֶת־הָרָעָ֔ב וְאֶת־הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲקָר֥וּת וְאֶת־הָאֲבַעְבּוּע֑וֹת וַאֲכַלְתֶּ֕ם אֶת־בְּשַׂ֥ר בָּנֶ֖יךָ וּבְנֹתֶֽיךָ׃ אִ֨ם יֵ֤שׁ אֲנָשִׁים֙ וְלֹ֣א יוֹדְעֵ֔נִי הִנֵּ֥ה אֲשַׁלְּמֵ֖ם עַל־יָדַ֑י וְחַרְבִּי֧ יִלְהַ֛ב מֵעַ֥ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א־יוֹדְעֵֽנִֽי׃ זֶ֥ה שְׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם וְזִכְרִ֖י לְד֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃

If you fulfill all my commandments and ordinances I shall look upon you, says God. If you observe my holidays, celebrate my Sabbaths, and keep my law, I shall be with you. After making you sick and hungry I shall make you great, and you shall participate in my glory if you observe my commandments. If you observe not the commandments of God and (follow) the ancient temptation not to live in justice, I, God, your Lord, shall expel you as I expelled you from your country. And I shall send hunger, plague, sterility, and scab so that (you will eat) the ﬂesh of your sons and daughters. If there are people who know me not I shall punish them by my hands, and my sword will burn above those who know me not. This is my name forever and my fame for generations.

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה נָתַתִּי֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לִמְנוּחָ֖ה וְלִקְרִיאַ֥ת שְׁמִֽי׃ בַּשַּׁ֥בָּת הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ית וּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַחֲמִישִׁ֑י הָיִ֣יתִי וְאֶהְיֶ֔ה שְׁמִ֖י לְעֹלָֽם׃ הַשַּׁבָּ֧ת לָאָדָ֛ם לְהַאֲמִ֖ין בֶּיהִוַֽהֵ׃ אִ֣ישׁ אִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִתְפַּלֵּ֣ל וְיִתְכּוֹפֵף֩ וְיִ֨תְהַלָּ֤ל וְיִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה֙ וִיטַהֵ֣ר אֶת־נַפְשׁ֔וֹ וְיִתְחַנֵּ֖ן בְּלֵ֣ב תָּמִ֑יד לֹ֥א יֶחְסַ֖ר מְאֽוּמָה׃ כׇּל־שׁוֹמְרֵ֣י הַחֻקִּ֔ים וְשַׁבָּ֖ת יֶהִוַ֑הֵ וּמִתְעַנְּגִ֧ים בְּשַׁבָּ֛ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ יִחְיֽוּן׃

God said to Moses: “I gave thee the Sabbath for rest and for the invocation of my name. At the third Sabbath and the fifth New Moon… I am and I shall be. My name is forever.” The Sabbath (is given) to man to believe in God. He who will pray, be submissive, praise, prostrate himself, purify his soul, and pray with a constant heart will be deprived of nothing. They who observe the laws and the Sabbath of God and celebrate the Sabbath of God shall live.

18. אֵ֚לֶּה מִ֣צְוֹת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת לְשׁ֖וֹמְרֶֽיהָ׃ בְּחִקּ֤וּר יֶהִוַהֵ֙ בְּכׇל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ בְּי֖וֹם בִּיאָת֑וֹ וְקָמָ֤ה הַשַּׁבָּת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יֶהִוַ֔הֵ לְמַ֖עַן יְרֵאָֽיו׃ וְלִבְנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א יִרְאֵ֣י יָ֑הּ וְקָמָ֧ה צָרָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הָאַחֲרֽוֹן׃

18. These are the commandments of the Sabbath for those who observe it. When God questions the inhabitants of the earth upon the day of His arrival, the Sabbath will stand before God on behalf of those who fear Him. As for those of the children of Adam who fear not God, a misfortune [?] will befall them at the last day.

וַתֹּ֨אמֶר שַׁבָּ֜ת אֶל־יֶהִוַ֗הֵ גָּד֤וֹל שִׁמְךָ֙ לְעֹלָ֔ם חַנּ֖וּן שְׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יֶהִוַ֧הֵ אֶל־הַשַּׁבָּ֛ת אָחֹ֖ן עַל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיָדַֽיִךְ׃ תָּק֣וּם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת בְּיוֹם֙ חִקּ֣וּר יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בְּכׇל־יְרֵאָ֛יו וּבְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣א יְרֵאָ֑יו וְהִצְדִּיקָ֣ה הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת לְמַ֙עַן֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֶ֔יהָ וְאָמְרָ֖ה לְבֹרְאֶֽיהָ׃ אֵ֣לֶּה עַמִּ֡י אֵ֣לֶּה נַחֲלָתִי֩ אֵ֨לֶּה הֹלְכֵ֤י דַּרְכִּי֙ אֵ֣לֶּה אֹהֲבֵ֔נִי אֵ֚לֶּה מַ֣אֲמִינֵ֔נִי אֵ֛לֶּה לֹ֥א מַזְנִיחֶ֖יךָ אֵ֣לֶּה מִתְעַנְּגֶ֑יךָ וְעַתָּ֕ה יִתְעַנְּג֖וּ בִּמְנוּחַ֥ת עוֹלָֽם׃ וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־שֹׁמְרֵי֮ שַׁבַּתְּךָ֒ וְלֹ֣א ׀ הֹלְכֵ֣י חֻקֶּ֗יךָ וּמַזְנִיחֵ֤י מִצְוֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלֹא־שֹׁמְעֵ֣י בְּרִיתֶ֔ךָ וּמַזְנִיחֵ֣י מִצְוֹתֶ֔יךָ וּמְמָאֲנֵ֥י עֲבוֹדָתֶ֖ךָ וְעוֹבְרֵ֣י מִשְׁפָּטֶ֑ךָ הִנָּם֙ אֲרוּרִ֔ים וְדִינָ֥ם שְׁאֹ֖ל לְעֹלָֽם׃ הִתְכּוֹפֵף֙ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט יֶהִוַ֔הֵ בְּטֶ֖רֶם תֵּצֵ֣א נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וּזְכֹר־נָ֨א אֶת־שְׁנֵ֤י הָאֲסוֹנוֹת֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ מָ֣וֶת מַ֔ר וְהַשֵּׁנִ֖י עֹ֥נֶשׁ בְּלִי־סֽוֹף: זְכֹר־נָ֥א זֹ֖את תָּמִ֑יד וְאַ֖ל־תִּשְׁכָּחֵֽהוּ׃

Sabbath said to God: “Thy name is great forever. Thy name is gracious.” God said to the Sabbath: “I am gracious for those who belong to thee.” The Sabbath will rise on the day on which God questions those who fear Him and those who fear Him not. Then the Sabbath will intercede for those who belong to her and will say to her Creator: “These are my people; these are my inheritance; these are they who walk in my path, who love me, who believe in me, who neglect Thee not, who find delight in Thee. Now they will enjoy eternal rest. Amen. But they who observe not Thy Sabbath, who walk not in Thy law, who neglect Thy commandments, who are not obedient to Thy covenant, who refuse Thy service, and who transgress Thy law will be cursed and condemned to Sheol forever. Be submissive to the law of God before your soul leaves you, and remember two calamities: first a bitter death, second a punishment without end. Remember this forever and forget it not.”

19. בַּשָּׁב֤וּעַ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ נִבְרָ֣א הָאָדָ֔ם וְגַ֖ם נִבְרֵ֣את הָאִשָּׁ֑ה בַּשָּׁב֣וּעַ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַֽיֵּרָאֶ֖יהָ אֵלָֽיו׃ עַל־כֵּ֖ן הַמִּצְוָ֑ה לְחַשֵּׁב֙ אֶת־טֻ֣מְאָתָ֔ם לְאִ֥ישׁ שָׁב֖וּעַ וּלְאִשָּׁ֥ה שְׁבוּעָֽיִם׃ וּמִקֵּץ֩ אַרְבָּעִ֨ים י֧וֹם בָּאָ֛רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִבְרָ֖א הָאָדָ֑ם וַנַּנִּחֵ֣הוּ בְגַן־עֵ֔דֶם לְעׇבְדָ֖הּ וּלְשׇׁמְרָֽהּ׃ אַ֚ךְ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ הִנַּחְנ֤וּהָ שָׁם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמוֹנִ֔ים וַתִּכָּנֵ֖ס בְּגַן־עֵֽדֶם׃ וְעַל־כֵּן֙ כְּתוּבָ֣ה הַמִּצְוָ֔ה בַּלֻּח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם עַ֖ל הַיּוֹלָֽדֶת׃ אִשָּׁה֙ כִּ֣י תַזְרִ֔יעַ וְיָלְדָ֖ה זָכָ֑ר וְטָֽמְאָה֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים כִּימֵ֛י הַשָּׁב֖וּעַ הָרִאשֽׁוֹן׃ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁ֖ב בִּדְמֵ֣י טׇהֳרָ֑ה בְּכׇל־קֹ֣דֶשׁ לֹֽא־תִגָּ֗ע וְאֶל־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔א עַד־מְלֹ֕את יְמֵ֥י טׇהֳרָ֖הּ לַזָכָֽר׃ אַ֚ךְ אִם־נְקֵבָ֣ה תֵלֵ֔ד וְטָמְאָ֥ה שְׁבֻעַ֖יִם כְּנִדָּתָ֑הּ וְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים יוֹם֙ וְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֔ים תֵּשֵׁב֙ עַל־דְּמֵ֣י טׇהֳרָ֔ה וַֽיִּהְי֖וּ שְׁמוֹנִ֥ים יֽוֹם׃ וַֽתְּכַ֖ל אֶת־יָמֶ֑יהָ וְאָ֤ז הִנַּחְנ֙וּהָ֙ בְּגַ֣ן עֵ֔דֶם כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ הֽוּא׃

19. In the first week Adam was created and the woman was created, too. In the [second] week God showed her unto him. Therefore the commandment was to regard their defilement as lasting for a male seven days and for a female twice seven days. After Adam had completed forty days in the land wherein he had been created, We brought him into the Garden of Edom to till and keep it, but his wife we brought in on the eightieth day, and then she entered into the Garden of Edom. And for this reason the commandment is written on the heavenly tables in regard to her who gives birth: “If she bear a male she shall remain in uncleanness seven days according to the first week, and thirty-three days shall she remain in the blood of her purification; she shall not touch a hallowed thing, not enter into the sanctuary, until she accomplishes the number of days (prescribed) for a male child. But in the case of a female child she shall remain in her uncleanness two weeks of days, according to the first two weeks [and sixty-six days] in the blood of her purification, so that there will be in all eighty days (of uncleanness).”When she completed the (eighty) days we brought her into the Garden of Edom, for it is holy.

וּבָרִאשׁ֤וֹן לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִ֔י וַנֵּרָ֧א אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֛ם בְּאֵלֹנֵ֖י מַרְמְרִ֑ים וַ֨נְּדַבֵּ֤ר עִמוֹ֙ וַֽנִּקְרָ֣א אֵלָ֔יו כִּ֚י יִוָּלֵ֣ד יִצְחָ֔ק לְשָׂרָ֖ה אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָ֑ה כִּ֚י שָׁמְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י דִּבַּ֛רְנוּ בַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה עִם־אַבְרָהָֽם׃ וַֽנּוֹכִחֶ֖הָ וַ֥תִּירָ֑א וַֽתְּכַחֵ֥שׁ אֶת־צְחוֹקָ֖הּ בַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ וַנַּ֤גִּידָהּ֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם בְּנ֔וֹ כִּ֣י ׀ שְׁמ֣וֹ יִצְחָ֗ק הוּקַ֧ם וְכָת֛וּב הָ֖יָה בְּלֻח֣וֹת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְלַ֥מּוֹעֵד֙ נָשׁ֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ כָּעֵ֥ת חַיָּ֖ה לָ֥הּ בֵּֽן׃

And on the new moon of the fourth month we appeared unto Abraham at the oak of Mamre, and we talked with him and we announced to him that Isaac would be borne by Sarah, (his) wife. And Sarah laughed, for she had heard that we had spoken these words to Abraham. We admonished her and she became afraid, and denied that she had laughed at these words. And we told her the name of her son, as his name Isaac was ordained and written in the heavenly tables, and (that) when we returned to her at the time appointed she would have borne a son.

וּבַחֹדֶ֨שׁ הַה֜וּא וַיָּ֣קֶם ׀ יֶהִוַ֣הֵ אֶת־דִּינ֗וֹ עַ֚ל סְד֣וֹם וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וּלְבוֹ֖יִם וְכִכָּר֣וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַֽיַּבְעִירֵ֖ם בָּאֵֽשׁ׃

And in this month God executed His judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah and Zeboim and the regions of the Jordan, and he burned them with fire.

וּבַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַה֛וּא וַֽיֵּ֥צֵא אַבְרָהָ֖ם מֵחֶבְר֑וֹן וַיֵּ֕שֶׁב בֵּ֥ין קַדֵּ֖שׁ לְשֵׂעִֽיר׃ וּבַחֲצִי֙ הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְּבַקֵּ֥ר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ בְּשָׁרָ֑ה וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָ֖הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃ וַתַּ֕הַר וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּ֖ן בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִֽׁי׃ וּבַחֲצִ֣י הַחֹ֗דֶשׁ לַמּוֹעֵד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר אֹתוֹ֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בְּחַ֖ג בִּכּוּרֵ֣י הַקָּצִ֑יר וַ֥יִּוָּלֵ֖ד יִצְחָֽק׃ וַיָּ֥מׇת אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְה֣וּא נוֹלַ֔ד בַּיּ֖וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִֽי׃ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יֶהִוַ֖הֵ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲנִי֙ חָפֵ֣ץ בָּ֔ךְ וּבְזַרְעֲךָ֖ לְעֹלָֽם׃

And in this month Abraham moved from Hebron and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur.In the middle of the seventh month God visited Sarah, and He did unto her as He had spoken^. She conceived and bore a son in the third month. And in the middle of the month at the time of which God had spoken, on the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born. Abraham died in the seventh [month]; he had been born on the eighth day. God said to Abraham: “I love thee and thy seed forever.”

תְּהִ֕י תְּהִלַּ֥ת יֶהִוַ֖הֵ לְעֹלָֽם׃

May the praise of God be eternal.

Notes[+]

Notes
1	From the Falasha Anthology (1951). The term Falasha, meaning “landless” or “wanderers,” was commonly used by the Christians of Ethiopia to refer to the Betä Ǝsraʾel, and at the time it was the standard term for the community used in scholarship. Due to its derogatory origin, the Betä Ǝsraʾel community considers it an ethnic slur. It has been retained here but replaced below in Leslau’s introduction and notes with “[Beta Israel].”
2	Thus in H.
3	Thus in H.
4	Wisdom is the one “that sitteth by” God on His throne (Wisdom of Solomon 9:4). It was with Him when He made the world (ibid., 9: 9). See also, I Enoch 84: 3; II Enoch 30: 8; Prov. 8.
5	According to Jewish tradition the angels were created either on the first or on the fifth day (Legends, 1, 16; 5, 20, n. 61). For the creation of the angels on the first day, see also, Bezold, Schatzhöhle, p. i.
6	A has ʾanābt instead of ʾanāběrt of H.
7	Yěfadfěd in H; A has wrongly yěraffěd.
8	On the hour when Adam was created, see Aptowitzer, Agadoth, pp. 112, 121. According to some Arabic traditions Adam was created between noon and evening; according to others, in the third hour of the sixth clay (R. Gottheil, “Adam,” JE, 1, 178; Weil, Biblical Legends, p. 19).
9	This corresponds to the Arabic concept that God alone created Adam (Ṭabari, Chronique, 1, 72), and not to the Jewish idea which interprets Gen. 1:26, “Let us make man…,” as addressed to helpers.
10	This name is composed of gěrmā, “majesty,” and ʾēl, “God,” found in many names of the angels; H has ʾAksāʾēl.
11	This name does not seem to occur in the other accounts of the creation of Adam. It may be a misread form of an Arabic source. There is a form, (ḏū) ʾadim, used by Ṭabari, Annales, p. 87, when speaking of Adam: xuliqa min ʾadim(in), “he was created from earth,” and corresponding to Hebrew ʾaḏamah. An expression ḏū ʾadim, read ḏūʾadīm and corrupted into dudālēm, would not be impossible. According to Jewish tradition the dust might have been collected from all the earth or from a particular place (Aptowitzer, Agadoth, p. 121).
12	Probably reﬂects the Arabic ʿāḏat, “she took refuge.”
13	The earth refused to give dust because it was destined to become cursed through man (Legends, I, 54). The same idea is expressed in Arabic legends (Ṭabari, Chronique, I, 72 ff.).
14	From H.
15	According to H.
16	H has Gěrmāʾēl
17	Taken from H.
18	Běrnāʾēl is explained by Halévy, Těʾězāza, iv, n. i, as a contraction of běrhān ʾēl, “the light of El” (cf. Lucifer). The form běrnā– would then reﬂect an Amharic form. The form Běrhānāʾēl also exists (Aescoli, p. 130); Aescoli, p. 126, n. 17, identifies the name with Ḥaza’el of the Book of Enoch. In our text Běrnāʾēl has the same role as Běryāl, Běrnāʾēl in the Book of the Angels (see below, p. 53), and it is possible that Běryāl is remodeled into Běrnāʾēl after the numerous names of angels and devils ending in ʾēl, “God.”
19	The text contains some words which do not yield any meaning.
20	To be read děngāga as in H instead of děngādē as in A.
21	The text is slightly corrupt.
22	The text is slightly corrupt.
23	For the creation of Adam in Jewish legends, see Legends, 1, 52 5.; V. Aptowitzer, “La Création de l’homme d’après les anciens interprètes,” REJ, 75 (1922), 1-15; Agadoth. pp. 112-128. According to some Jewish sources the band of the archangel Michael advised God not to create Adam and was consumed by fire except for its chief Michael. The same thing happened to the band of Gabriel. But the band of Labbiel, taught by the horrible fate of its predecessors, yielded to God’s wishes, and Labbiel had his name changed to Raphael (Legends, 1, 53-54). The source of the [Beta Israel] legend however is the Arabic legend according to which Gabriel went to fetch dust from the earth from the place where the present Kaʿaba is situated. The earth refused to give its dust, fearing that it might be cursed because of man. Gabriel withdrew and the same thing happened to Michael, but lzraʾel, the Angel of Death, was not afraid of the earth and brought the dust (Ṭabari, Chronique, I, 72 ff., and others).
24	To be read gwadalo as in H.
25	On the fight of Michael against Běrnāʾēl and his hosts, see below, p. 32. 3
26	The text has a negation.
27	It is obscure why God threw Běrnāʾēl down to earth. According to Jewish and Moslem legends Satan was jealous of the first man and did not want to show reverence and pay homage to him (Adam and Eve, Secs. 13 ff.; Legends, 1, 62). According to II Enoch 29: 4—5, the fall of Satan took place because he was jealous of God.
28	That Adam was created by God’s hand is a thought found in both Jewish and Christian sources (Legends, 1, 50; 5, 63).
29	The last two sentences are repeated.
30	The text reads, “He said to him.”
31	See below, p. 25. The Arabic legend, too, knows that Adam was created from earth, clay, dust, and slime (Ṭabari, Chronique, l, 75)
32	According to Jewish and Moslem legends, Adam remained formless for eighty days. Thereupon God gave him a human form but without a soul. He remained in this condition for 120 years. It was only then that God blew into him the spirit of life (Aptowitzer, Agadoth, p. 115; Grünbaum, Neue Beitrüge, p. 12).
33	According to the Agada, Hell was created on the second day (Legends, 1, 13; 5, 19).
34	This sentence is repeated.
35	According to H.
36	The text here and elsewhere has ʾĒlyās. H has ʾĒlsā. It reﬂects, perhaps, the Greek Elysium.
37	”Garden of Pleasure” is a translation of the Hebrew gan ʿeḏen.
38	According to H. See also p. 38, where we read that Adam “had completed forty days in the land wherein he had been created.”
39	Paradise was such that it was not necessary for Adam to till the soil (Legends, 1, 71; 5, 31-32; A. Jellinek, “Seḏer gan ʿeḏen,” Beṯ Hammiḏraš [1853], 2. 52—53).
40	5!. This idea is fully developed in Test. of the Twelve Patriarchs in which Beliar and the spirits of Beliar were given power over the sinner. See also, Book of the Angels, p. 53.
41	This is an allusion to the last days when “the worm sleeps not and the fire is not quenched.” See below, pp. 16, 28.
42	The text is corrupt
43	See above, n. 49.
44	The text is supplemented according to Gen. 2:21.
45	The text has here wamalayālyāta, “and articulations.”
46	In Jubilees 3:17 the serpent came on the seventh day of the second month.
47	See Gen. 3: 1—7.
48	H has ʾĒldā. See also nn. 47, 66.
49	This seems to correspond to Eden; cf. Gen. 3:24.
50	The text has “their.”
51	See also below, p. 35. The allusion in these passages is probably to the mana which was thought to have been ground by the angels. Mana was also called “bread of the angels”; it will be set before them in the future world. (Legends, 3, 33, and especially 6, 17, in various notes.)
52	The text has “your.”
53	The text has “their.”
54	This probably has a connection with the legend that the earth was also guilty of various misdemeanors and that it too had to suffer a tenfold punishment. One of them was that it had to wait to be watered by the rains from above.
55	Also in Jubilees 3:32. Charles, ibid., p. 29, n. 32, questions whether ʾĒldā is not a corruption of the Hebrew moleḏah, so that “land of ʾĒldā” would mean “land of nativity.” Beer, Buch der Jubiläen, p. 15, speaks of Eldad but without further explanation.
56	Also Jubilees 4:10. The names of the sons are given by Philo, Biblical Antiquities (trans. M. R. James, 1917). p. 76. This notion is unknown in the Agada.
57	Gen. 5:6 ff.
58	The text has Hēnos.
59	This refers to Enoch’s translation to Heaven (I Enoch 70:1-4; ll Enoch 67:2).
60	See Jubilees 4:23, where the text adds that “there he writes down the condemnation and judgment of the world.”
61	This is probably a Christian element.
62	Gen 2:1-3.
63	In Hell Moses sees the sinners who profaned the Sabbath and the holy days (M. Gaster, “Hebrew Visions of Hell and Paradise,” IRAS [1893]: P. 582).
64	Isa. 66:24; Apoc. Paul, Sec. 42 (James, p. 547).
65	The text has the negation ʾi-.
66	Legends, 2, 311; 3, 240.
67	The text is corrupt.
68	This reﬂects the appellations “Queen” and “Bride” found in agadic writings.
69	”It is the Sabbath of the Lord” (Lev. 23:3). Philo, “A Treatise of the Cherubim,” Sec. 26, The Works of Philo Judaeus (trans. C. D. Yonge [London, 1854]), I, 197, also says, “And on this account, too, Moses calls the Sabbath, which name being interpreted means ‘rest,’ the Sabbath of God.” See also, Troje, Sanbat, pp. 347 ff.
70	For the Festival of the New Moon, see Jubilees 6:23-28; Amos 8:5; and “New Moon,” JE, 9, 243-244. According to the [Beta Israel] themselves, “Moïse ordonne de faire le qʷērbān ou sacrifice de froment avec l’agneau d‘un an, et nos prêtres font ces deux sacrifices à chaque nouvelle lune et à chaque grande fête. L’adjonction du vin est ordonnée par Moïse; si nous en manquons, nous employons la bière” (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 54).
71	The seventh Sabbath is greatly honored by the [Beta Israel] (Luzzatto, Mémoire, pp. 48-49; Aescoli, pp. 30-31). The Samaritans, too, honor the seventh Sabbath (H. Petermann, De Legibus Samaritanorum).
72	To be read yāstasri according to H.
73	See below, p. 20.
74	For the rewards promised to those who observe the Sabbath, see also, Legends, 3, 47, and passim.
75	The text has “at the ninth hour of the evening of Friday.”
76	That the sinners leave Hell on the Sabbath and are not punished on that day is well known in Jewish writings (M. Caster, “Orḥot ḥayyim,” JRAS [1867], p. 604: “on the eve of the Sabbath, the sinners are led to two mountains of snow where they are left until the end of the Sabbath, when they are taken back and returned to their former places”); see also, A. Jellinek, Beṯ Hammiḏraš (1853), I, 74, 148; Legends, 4, 201; 5, 112. For more rabbinical material see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 1076, 1082-1083; L. Lévy, “Le Repos sabbatique des âmes damnés,” REJ, 25, 1-15. Troje, Sanbat, p. 336, sees here a gnostic influence. The same belief is found in some Christian sources which state that the souls rest on Sunday, and in Moslem eschatology, which says that the souls rest on Friday (Asin, Islam, pp. 223 ff.; see also, Arturo Graf, Mitti, leggende e superstizioni del Medio Evo [1892], l, 241 ff.).
77	This may also reﬂect the Christian idea that the souls of the damned rest on Sunday. We read, however, in J. A. Eisenmenger, The Traditions of the Jews (1734), 2, 281: “It is recommended that one leave a table covered with provisions and decent furniture, to stand, as in readiness for company, till Sunday morning.”
78	The whole passage is translated according to H.
79	I Enoch 46:6; Apoc. Peter, Akhm. Fr., Sec. 25 (James, p. 509). For the rabbinical literature, see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 1076, 1080.
80	Some obscure words follow.
81	An obscure passage follows.
82	I Enoch 62:16; Asc. Is. 8:26; 9:8; 11:14.
83	The face shining as the sun and the stars is well known in apocryphal writings: II Enoch 66:7; II Baruch 51:10; IV Ezra 7:97, 125.
84	Mediation and intercession are known themes in all faiths: see A. J. Maclean, “Intercession,” Enc. Rel. Ethics, 7, 382—385. For the Old Testament see instances such as Job 5:1; 33:23; Zech. 1:12, etc. On mediation in the apocryphal writings see Volz, Eschatologie, index under “Fürbitte,” and W. O. E. Oesterley, Jewish Doctrines of Mediation (1910). The Sabbath as mediator seems to be a specific [Beta Israel] element; cf. “Un Falacha disait à M. d’Abbadie: ‘Marie est la médiatrice des chrétiens, notre médiateur est le Samedi'” (Lumtto. Mémoire, p. 47). For Ugaritic see now J. Obermann, “How Daniel Was Blessed with a Son,” JAOS, Offprint Series, No. 20 (1946), pp. 13, 28 f.
85	Baruch, p. 65. The text has a negation.
86	The passage is corrupt.
87	Sib. Oracles, 5:345. See also, Volz, Eschatologie, pp. 318 ff.
88	Allusions to the throne of God are found in the Old Testament (Ps. 9:5, etc.) and in the apocryphal literature (Voiz. Eschatologie, p. 276), but nowhere are twelve thrones mentioned. Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 141, n. 1, suggests that this number corresponds to the twelve tribes of Israel. However. twelve thrones of the apostles occur in the New Testament (Luke 22:30) and are also mentioned in the Book of Bartholomew (p. 185).
89	A very interesting passage and difficult to interpret. Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 141, n. 2, explains it the following way: “Peut-être: Sanbat signifie: ‘Je suis Dieu’ (c’est-à-dire: En acceptant le Sabbat, vous m’acceptez comme votre Dieu); ce n’est pas le jour qui dit: ‘Je suis Dieu,’ c’est Dieu qui dit cela de lui-même. Cette remarque semble vouloir empêcher Ia déification réelle de Sanbat.” See also, Abba Elijah, p. 45.
90	The text is somewhat obscure.
91	Taken from H.
92	Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 142, translates, “L’homme mortel et formé de poussière a été vaincu,” and adds, “Il est impossible de méconnaître le caractère spiritualiste et décidemment antichrétien de cette profession de foi mise dans la bouche des anges.”
93	Jubilees 50:6 ff.
94	Exod. 20:9-10.
95	Exod. 35:2.
96	On the [Beta Israel] rules concerning the Sabbath see Aescoli, pp. 30-39; for the rules observed by the Zadokite sect see Ginzberg, Jüdische Sekte, pp. 152 ff.
97	This is not recommended by Jewish law but is practiced by the Karaites and Samaritans (Beer, Buch der Jubiläen, pp. 53-54); for the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 46. See also, F. Bohn, Der Sabbat im Alten Testament (1903), pp. 77-80, Jubilees, p. 259, n. 8.
98	”Dès que l’aurore de samedi a paru on ne parle qu’à demi voix” (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45). Speaking loud, making noise, and playing music are prohibited on the Sabbath; for the passages in talmudic literature see E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 593.
99	To be read xasis instead of gasis.
100	Jubilees 50:8; Zadokite Work 13:11; it is it is also forbidden by the Karaite sect (J. M. Jost, Geschichte des Judentums, 2, 304). For the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45.
101	Jubilees 2:29; 50:9, Zadokite Work 13:8.
102	Jer. 17:21-22; Jubilees 2:30; see also, Legends, 4, 114; 6, 327. Several words are obscure.
103	To be read rawiy as in A instead of nawim of H.
104	For Jewish writings on this subject see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 1, 611; 2, 202.
105	Legends, 6, 70, n. 360; J. L. Baruch, Sefer haššabbaṯ (Tel Aviv, 1936), pp. 27-28, where the talmudic and agadic writings are cited.
106	Legends, 3, 196, 201, 209; Jubilees 50:10-11.
107	Jubilees 50:12, derived from Exod. 16:29. For the [Beta Israel] see Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 45.
108	Exod. 34:21. Working in the field is one of the thirty-nine principal classes (ʾaḇoṯ, “fathers”) of work prohibited on the Sabbath.
109	Jubilees 50:12; Exod. 35:3. It is also forbidden by the Samaritans.
110	This occurs in several passages of our text, but a defense of this kind is rather singular.
111	E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 592.
112	Jubilees 50:12. This is one of the sabbatical offenses.
113	To be read yěḥarrěd instead of yěḥadděr.
114	Taken from H. Jubilees 50:12.
115	According to H. See also, Jubilees 50:12; Legends, 4, 374; Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 4, 89-91, 95. 98. For the [Beta Israel] see also, J. Faitlowitch, Quer durch Abessinien, p. 86. Fasting on the Sabbath is allowed only on the Day of Atonement.
116	Jubilees 50:13.
117	See also below, p. 32. “It may be noted that nowhere in the old rabbinical literature is there to be found a trace of the mystical concept of the Sabbath occurring in Philo, “A Treatise on the Life of Moses,” Bk. 3, Sec. 36, The Works of Philo Judaeus (trans. C. D. Yonge [London, 1854]), 3, 130 [not Sec. 33 as in Legends, 5, 111], according to which this most distinguished day dates not from the creation of the world but from the time when heaven and all the perceptible universe were as yet uncreated. It is only in Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer (1709), sec. 3, that the Sabbath is counted among the things which existed in the thought of God prior to the creation of the world” (Legends, 5, 111).
118	The obscure qawāmyān, “they who stand,” of H is missing in A.
119	To be read ḥamāyān.
120	Probably to be read měrāqomu as in H instead of měsrāq as in A.
121	See also above, p. 20; to be read manbaromu as in H instead of manbabamu as in A.
122	It is recommended that one wash his face and hands on the Sabbath.
123	Kneading dough and cooking are among the thirty-nine labors prohibited on the Sabbath. See above, n. 119.
124	In H all these words are in the negative.
125	Here H has a text which does not belong to our passage. A repeats some words of the preceding section.
126	Deut. 27:15 ff., and other passages in the Old Testament.
127	However the text in Deut. 27:20 says, “Cursed be he that lieth with his father’s wife; because he uncovereth his father’s skirt.”
128	Read ḥěsuma according to H.
129	The text has “who listens.”
130	A curious and quite obscure legend. Aescoli, p. 95, suspects an Egyptian origin.
131	To be read maḥdaru instead of maḥdagu.
132	Abba Elijah, p. 44.
133	According to H.
134	According to H.
135	The text has “of the sea.”
136	According to H.
137	The text has “I brought.”
138	To be read měgbāromu as suggested by Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 146.
139	According to H. Our text has waʾiyětbatak.
140	Taken from H. Apoc. Paul, Sec. 32 (James, p. 543).
141	H has qěst instead of ʾěsāt as in A. For the name “valley of fire” cf. I Enoch 54:1, “a deep valley with burning fire”; 67:4, “burning valley.”
142	The sentence is obscure.
143	Exod. 31:13.
144	Ibid.
145	To be read ʾanta as in H instead of ʾěsāt as in A.
146	To be read perhaps hayāděyān, “oppressors.”
147	Job 25:4.
148	The text of A is not clear.
149	Translated according to H. The text of A is different.
150	The text has “see.”
151	II Baruch 59:10, “mouth of Gehenna.”
152	A has “because of the Sabbath.”
153	The text of A has “they will see.”
154	H has here qědděst, which does not yield any meaning.
155	Prov. 10:19. On midrashic and talmudic references see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 3, 753.
156	For exhortation to humility see Sirach 7:4-7.
157	According to the Talmud the law of the Sabbath is equal to all the other laws and commandments of the Torah. For the several passages, see Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 1, 905; J. L. Baruch, Sefer haššabbaṯ, pp. 242-246.
158	H has Rāguʾēl. Fanuʾēl is mentioned in I Enoch 40:9 as one “who is set over the repentance unto hope of those who inherit eternal life.“ In I Enoch 54:6 Fānuʾēl together with Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael casts the hosts of Azazel into the burning furnace; see also, I Enoch 71: 8, 9, 13. The name occurs also in I Chron. 4:4; 8:25. A holy day of the archangel Fānu’ēl is celebrated by the Ethiopians on the 3rd of Tāxsās.
159	The same passage occurs in the Prayers of the Falashas. All the names of God are variants of ʾĒl, ʾĒlohē. Instead of Lohē, H has ʾĒlwāhē. H has also (la) yolsādēy to be connected with the Old Testament ʾel šadday.
160	Ps. 72:19; Isa. 6:13
161	H has “in their hearts.”
162	Jubilees 2:3.
163	Exod. 34:6.
164	According to H.
165	See above, p. 13.
166	Cf. the Arabic concept in Mohammedanische Eschatologie, ed. M. Wolff (1872), p. 11.
167	Beginning here the text of H is used. Manuscript A ends on the next folio.
168	See above, n. 50. Gen. 2:15 states, however, that God put Adam into the Garden of Eden to dress it and keep it; see also, Jubilees 2:9.
169	The words xabʾo ʾĚgziʾāběḥěr do not see to yield any meaning.
170	Gen. 6:8, 8:21.
171	The birth of Abraham “had been read in the stars by Nimrod… and it was manifest to him that a man would be born in his days who would rise against him and triumphantly give the lie to his religion” (Legends, 1, 186; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 2).
172	Abraham was hidden in the cave in order that he might escape being killed by Nimrod who, like Pharaoh in the story of Moses, ordered all the new-born boys to be killed (Legends, 1, 187 ff.). For other accounts of Abraham’s youth see Legends, 5, 209, n. 13; Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 2-31. According to some of the legends Abraham remained in the cave three, ten, or thirteen years (Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 3), or seven days (Legends, 1, 189). In our text the seven years perhaps are actually seven days.
173	The text has “intelligence.”
174	Legends, 1, 189, 212-213; 5, 110, n. 16; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 3. According to another opinion he attained the true knowledge of God when he was forty-eight years old (K. Kohler, “Abraham,” JE, 1, 85).
175	According to other legends Abraham put the hatchet in the hand of the biggest god among them (Legends, 1:24; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 11).
176	This is more explicitly explained in Legends, 1, 214-215: “Terah said: ‘Is there spirit, soul, or power in these gods to do all thou hast told me? Are they not wood or stone? And have I not myself made them?'”
177	It is known that Nimrod was a hunter (Gen. 10:9).
178	This corrupt account is to be traced back to an Arabic source as related in Ṭabari, Chronique, 1, 148-150, and in al-Kisāʾi, Vita propetarum, 1, 140-141. It is summed up in Weil, Biblical Legends, pp. 76-77, as follows: “Nimrod resolved to build a lofty tower, wherewith, if possible, to scale the heavens. and to search therein for the God of Abraham. The tower rose to a height of five thousand cubits; but as heaven was still far off, and the workmen were unable to proceed with the building, Nimrod caught two eagles and kept them upon the tower several days, and when they were ravenous with hunger, he fastened to their feet a light, closed palanquin, with one window above and another below, and seated himself in it with one of his huntsmen. The latter took a long spear, to which a bit of ﬂesh was attached, and thrust it through the upper window, so that the famished eagles ﬂew instantly upward bearing the palanquin aloft. When they had ﬂown toward heaven for a whole day Nimrod heard a voice which cried to him: ‘Godless man, whither goest thou?’ Nimrod seized his huntsman’s bow, and discharged an arrow, which forthwith fell back through the window stained with blood, and this reprobate man believed that he had wounded the God of Abraham.”
179	To be read yāqěttěl instead of ʾěqětěl.
180	The text has “them.”
181	Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 14; Legends, 1, 216. For references in Jewish writings alluding to Abraham’s having been cast into the fiery furnace see Jubilees, note p. 91: “The idea that Abraham was cast into a fiery furnace arose from a literal interpretation of Gen. 15:7: ‘I am the Lord that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees,’ where Ur was taken to mean ‘fire.'” The notion that the wood for the fire was carried by various animals—camels, mules, and donkeys—is mentioned in the Arabic legends (D. Sidersky, Les origins des legends musulmanes dans les Coran, p. 32).
182	According to some of the legends it was Gabriel who saved Abraham, according to others it was Michael; still others believe that God himself saved Abraham (Legends, 5, 212, n. 33; Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 16).
183	The word tamayta is not found in the dictionaries. It is perhaps a denominative of may, “water,” and means “[the fire] became water.”
184	This refers to ʾur kasdim of Gen. 15 7, interpreted as “the furnace of the Kasdim = Chaldees” (Halévy, Těʾězāza, note p. 152; Legends, 1, 299).
185	The text has “who lets you come.”
186	Probably an allusion to Gen. 17:4 where the name of Abram was changed into Abraham.
187	The passage is obscure. See above. where the fire is quenched by the water.
188	The text has “restored me not.”
189	The text is obscure.
190	Gen. 22.
191	The word sěfur of the text is the Hebrew šofar.
192	All the parts of the carcass of the ram were put to use—the ashes, the sinew, the skin, and the horns (Legends, 1, 283).
193	Everywhere in this section the text has “he” instead of “thou.”
194	Perhaps this reﬂects the notion that Moses supposedly entered Paradise alive (Legends, 5, 96).
195	Here follows an obscure passage of several lines. It speaks about someone‘s blood having been spilled and boiled.
196	Exod. 32.
197	The text has “them.”
198	ʾana ʾaʾamměr should be corrected to read ʾinaʾamměr.
199	The powder was mixed with their drinking water (Koran 2:87). According to Jewish legends Moses threw the powder upon the waters and said, “All that have committed idolatry shall be yours” But the waters were not to be appeased by having the sinners cast into them, and the ocean would not retreat to its bed until Moses made the children of Israel drink of it (Legends, 3, 129-130).
200	The water caused the idolators great pain and they called upon Moses for help. Then Moses told them to slay one another.
201	According to Exod 32:27 three thousand were killed.
202	Probably reflects the Hebrew ʿir hayyěḇusi.
203	The passage is not clear; it refers perhaps to those not included in the two groups mentioned before.
204	The passage is slightly corrupt.
205	Some dittographical words follow.
206	See below, p. 36. The view that the Sabbath was “given” by God “to Israel” is common in rabbinical literature; cf. Tos. Běraḵot, 3, 7; B. Šabbaṯ, 10b. That the Sabbath was given to Israel “to eat the fruits of the earth” is based upon Isa. 58:13.
207	He who honors the Sabbath is like him who honors me on the throne of my glory,” says God (Targum Yěrušalmi 2; Exodus 20:2)
208	The two tables were created by God’s own hand; the writing and the pencils were of heavenly origin (Legends, 3, 119).
209	The word samʿanni is superﬂuous.
210	”Whoever observes the Sabbath properly, even though he be an idol-worshiper as of the generation of Enosh, is forgiven” (B. Šabbaṯ, 118b).
211	This is part of the preparation for the celebration of the Sabbath.
212	The passage is obscure. The number “forty-nine” occurs in connection with Moses who was in charge of the forty-nine gates of wisdom (Legends; 3, 141); Enoch had a crown of forty-nine jewels (ibid., 1, 139); the Torah is interpreted in forty-nine ways (ibid., 2, 325).
213	The form is corrupt.
214	The form is corrupt.
215	The sentence is obscure.
216	Neh. 10:32; Am. 8:5; Jer. 17:21-22.
217	Deut. 15:1 EL; see also, “Sabbatical Year and Jubilee.” JE, 10, 605-608. Several words of this sentence are obscure. Concerning the sabbatical year the [Beta Israel] say, “Nous n’observons pas le repos de la septième année parce que nous n’avons pas de patrimoine” (d’Abbadie, “Réponses des Falasha,” Univers Israélite, 6 [1851], 482-483).
218	See above, p. xxxiii.
219	Lev. 2:13; Jubilees 21:11; Test. Levi 9:14; Mark 9:49, 50. See also Strack-Billerbeck, Kommentar, 2, 31-32.
220	See here, pp. 20, 36.
221	Corrupt—perhaps in lieu of “the tenth day of the first month,” for which see Exod. 12:2-3. Note that the tenth of each month is considered a festival by the [Beta Israel] (Luzzatto, Mémoire, p. 66, and Introduction, p. xxx).
222	This too probably reﬂects the Christian belief that sinners have respite on Sunday (see n. 87).
223	He is probably identical with Remiel and Ramiel of I Enoch 20:8; II Baruch 55:3; and other apocryphal writings. Box identifies that figure with Jeremiel, Hebrew Yěraḥměʾel (1V Ezra 4:33)
224	Uriel is interpreted as “the fire of God” or “the light of God” (L. Blau, “Uriel,” JE, 12, 383).
225	For yěṣaʿewomu read yěṣafʿewomu.
226	The fight of Michael against Běrnāʾēl is also mentioned in the beginning of our text (see p. 12). The punishment of the fallen angels is developed. with many details, in l Enoch. An allusion to the fight of the good angels against the fallen angels is to be found in I Enoch 100:4. In I Enoch 54:6 the angels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Fānuʾēl cast the hosts of Azazel into the fiery furnace.
227	This probably refers to the laws of the Sabbath.
228	See above, p. 21 and n. 128.
229	Gen. 1:1 ff.; Jubilees 2:1 ff.
230	The text has lakiʿo, “measuring,” and it repeats here “and of the water He made the Heaven with His hands.”
231	These names are taken from I Enoch 78:1-2 where the names are Oryārês and Tomās for the sun; Asonyā, Eblā, Běnāsē, and Erāʾē for the moon. The name Bawāʾi is perhaps to be explained by the root boʾa, “to enter, set”; Mawāʾi might be an alliteration form of Bawāʾi. It is possible that the names of Bawāʾi and Mawāʾi refer to the moon and not to the sun.
232	Fol. 120 of H (Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 39) belongs here.
233	Jubilees 2:11-12.
234	Gen. 1: 28 ff.
235	The author of our text does not enumerate the twenty-two kinds, but Jubilees 2:15, 23, does. For other works see ibid., p. 17, n. 23.
236	Jubilees 2:16-17.
237	For the Angels of Presence see K. Kohler, “Angelology,” JE, 1, 586.
238	I Kings 8:53.
239	The text goes back to fol. 45ro (Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 32).
240	Jubilees 2:19
241	Read xarayku for ḥorku.
242	According to Jubilees 2:20. See also, Isa. 41:8, 44:1.
243	Exod. 4:22, Ps. 89:27.
244	The text has “Days and Sabbaths.”
245	Jubilees 2:19 ff.
246	Exod. 31:13.
247	Jubilees 2:18
248	Jubilees 2:21: “And He caused His commands to ascend as a sweet savour acceptable before Him al the days” (ibid., p. 17).
249	Jubilees 2:20: “There are twenty-two heads of mankind from Adam to Jacob.” On this whole problem see Jubilees, pp. 17-18, n. 23.
250	That is, Jacob. Sabbath and Jacob are intimately related. Some midrashim call attention to the fact that the Bible speaks of the observance of Sabbath by Jacob but not by Abraham (Legends, 5, 313, n. 280)
251	For baʿalu read bakwěllu.
252	Jubilees 2:23-24.
253	Gabra Masqal was the second son of Kāleb, the king of Ethiopia; he succeeded his brother Bēta Esrāʾēl probably about 550. He was a devout Christian and endowed the church of Aksum with many estates; Gabra Masqal is also mentioned in Baruch (p. 75).
254	The whole story is obscure and the text seems to be corrupt, Halévy, Těʾězāza, p. 158, n. 1, wonders whether the angels intended to sanctify the Sabbath on the fifth day but God did not agree to it.
255	In other passages Fānuʾēl and Uriel often occur together.
256	The angels praising God is a well-known theme in Jewish writings.
257	Of the five or seven heavens see Test. Levi 2:7–3:8, I Enoch; Asc. Is.; III Baruch. See also II Enoch, pp. xxx-xlvi.
258	The Ethiopic text has Diyābolos.
259	For babbazamanomu read babbazēmomu.
260	Běršebāḥēl occurs also in a [Beta Israel] prayer (Aescoli, p. 143). Běrnāʾēl is known as an angel of evil (see above, n. 29) and should not be used as the name of God.
261	For manna called “angels’ food” see Wisdom of Solomon 16:20; Adam and Eve 4:2.
262	This seems to be the internal plural of the Hebrew ʾefa. It reflects the story of the mannah as related in Exod. 16:11-16.
263	There are many examples in Jewish literature of angels eating and drinking (Legends, 3, 236)
264	For ʾiyětʿābaw read ʾiyětʿaṣ(ṣ)aw.
265	Some obscure words follow.
266	Numbers 28:11 speaks of two young bullocks, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old.
267	Here a corrupt passage of several lines follows.
268	The Sabbath must not be understood as a cessation from the work of creation but as creation in itself. Everything was created in six days except rest, which was created on the Sabbath (Legends, 5, 111).
269	Num. 28:9-10 speaks, however, of two male lambs a year old.
270	The name is the same as in Exod. 23:16. In Jubilees 6:17, 21, it is called the “Feast of the Weeks.”
271	Lev. 23:11, 16. The Karaites and the Samaritans count the fifty days from the Sunday of the Passover; the Rabbanites from the second day of the Passover; see also, Aescoli, pp. 65-66.
272	Cf. the Prayers of the Falashas, p. 140: ‘’The just will sit at the heavenly table”; cf. also, “the table of God” in Mal. 1:7, 12; “the table of the Lord” in I Cor. 10:21; Test. Levi 8:16; “to eat of His table” in Test. Jud. 21: 5. See also, Jubilees 31:16; Sir. 45:21.
273	The superior character of the seventh day is marked by the circumstance that everything connected with it is twofold, e.g., the double portion of manna (Exod. 16: 22), the two lambs (Num. 28:9), the double menace (Exod. 31:14), etc. (E. G. Hirsch, “Sabbath,” JE, 10, 589)
274	See below, p. 37.
275	See above, p. 19 and n. 100.
276	Exod. 12:6-9, and passim; Jubilees 49.
277	An obscure word ʾasxěrt precedes.
278	Lev. 27: 30-33; Num. 18:21-26; Deut. 14: 22-29; see also, O. Eissfeldt, Erstlinge und Zehnten im Alten Testament (1917).
279	Some words follow, the meaning of which could be, “Omit not to bring your first fruit.”
280	The text has here and on the next line “him” instead of “you.”
281	The passage is obscure.
282	Cf. similar expressions in Ezek. 5:17; 14:13. This passage reflects the curses for the disobedience of the law in Lev. 33:14 ff.; Deut. 28:15 ff.
283	The text is corrupt.
284	The text has “with.”
285	This should probably be “the third Sabbath of the fifth moon” (see Introduction, p. xxxi and n. 42).
286	One wonders whether the text refers to the arrival of the Messiah or of Christ.
287	The text repeats “who neglects Thy commandments.”
288	Jubilees 3:8 ff. Several passages of our text are corrected according to the text of Jubilees. For all these details see Jubilees, p. 22, nn. 8-14.
289	Lev. 12:2-5.
290	On the heavenly tables see I Enoch, pp. 91-92, note to 57:3; Jubilees, p. 24, note to 3:10.
291	For těwarrěd read těwallěd.
292	At present, too, the [Beta Israel] woman is unclean for forty days after giving birth but the division is eight and thirty-two (see Introduction, p. xv).
293	The idea that the law of Lev. 12: 2-5 is based on the belief that Adam was created at the close of the first week and Eve at the close of the second weck reappears in various midrashic works; see Jubilees, pp. 22-24, and note to 8-14. On the defilement of women for forty and eighty days according to Abyssinian belief, see Ludolf, Historia Aethiopica, pp. 3, 6, 36; Rüppel, Reise in Abessinien, 2, 51; E. Littmann, “Abyssinia,” Enc. Rel. Ethics, 1, 58; Introduction, pp. xiv, xv.
294	Gen. 18:1, Jubilees 16:1 ff.
295	For darsā read děrs.
296	For “Mamre” the text has “Marmarim.”
297	Gen. 18:10; Jubilees 16:1 has “son.”
298	For zanagarnāhā read wanagarnāhā.
299	Gen. 14:2, 8. The text has Labayěm.
300	Gen. 19:24-25.
301	Gen. 20:1; Jubilees 16:10, The text has Sēyr instead of Shur.
302	Jubilees 3:12 has “in the middle of the sixth month.”
303	Gen. 21:1-4.
304	The text has “in the middle of the seventh month,” but “seventh” seems to be superfluous since according to the preceding line Isaac was born in the third month. Jubilees 16:12 has “in the middle of the sixth month.”
305	According to agadic versions Isaac was born on the first or on the fifteenth of Nisan (Beer, Leben Abrahams, p. 46).
306	According to Jewish legends Abraham died in the tenth month; according to the Talmud he died in the first or in the seventh month (Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 84, 200, n. 921a).
307	Some legends say that Abraham was born during the first month, others that he was born during the seventh month (Beer, Leben Abrahams, pp. 1, 100, n. 6).

Contributor: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)

Co-authors:

Name: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)
Bio: From a family of musicians, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer believes that creative art is one of the most powerful ways to get in touch with the divine. He composes music and poetry in Hebrew and English. (He also translates and authors his own original works.) Isaac runs a Jewish music transcription service, which will transcribe and set any Jewish music in any language, recorded or written. Contact his service on Facebook or via his music blog.
Website: https://igmjewishcreativeworks.com
Profile Link: https://opensiddur.org/profile/isaac-gantwerk-mayer-3

Name: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)
Bio: From a family of musicians, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer believes that creative art is one of the most powerful ways to get in touch with the divine. He composes music and poetry in Hebrew and English. (He also authors his own original works and transcribes Hebrew and Aramaic text, adding niqqud and t'amim as needed.) Isaac runs a Jewish music transcription service, which will transcribe and set any Jewish music in any language, recorded or written. Contact his service on Facebook or via his music blog.
Website: https://igmjewishcreativeworks.com
Profile Link: https://opensiddur.org/profile/isaac-gantwerk-mayer

Name: Wolf Leslau (translation: English)
Bio: Wolf Leslau (וולף לסלאו‎; born November 14, 1906 in Krzepice, Vistula Land, Poland; died November 18, 2006 in Fullerton, California) was a scholar of Semitic languages and one of the foremost authorities on Semitic languages of Ethiopia.
Website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Leslau
Profile Link: https://opensiddur.org/profile/wolf-leslau

Name: Abba Tsabrah (traditional attribution)
Bio: Abba Tsabrah (also, Abba Sabra, fl. ca. 1450) was an Ethiopian Orthodox monk and the teacher of the children of Emperor Zara Yaqob of Ethiopia who became a prominent and influential Jewish convert. Abba Tsabrah tried to convert the Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) to Christianity, but was instead converted by them to Judaism. He then later converted the son of king Zara Yaqob, Saga-Amlak, who adopted the religious name Abba Saga. Later Abba Tsabrah and Abba Saga established a separate kingdom in modern day Ethiopia in which Jews were not persecuted. Tsabrah is also known for introducing monasticism to the Beta Israel, and the tradition of Jewish monks continued down the centuries until the Great Famine of the 1890s decimated their monasteries in Lay Armachiho.
Website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Sabra
Profile Link: https://opensiddur.org/profile/abba-tsabrah

Featured Image:

Title: 1024px-Wolleka
Caption: Wolleka, près de Gondar, Ethiopie (credit: Marc Baronnet, license: CC BY-SA)