The Seder ha-Tamid, a Provençal (Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin) siddur published in Avignon in 1766, has liturgical additions for an amazing five different local festivals — one for Avignon, and two each for Carpentras and Cavaillon. Here’s a series of texts for the twenty-fifth of Iyar in Cavaillon, commemorating the abatement of a deadly plague on 25 Iyyar 5391 (27 May 1631), including an Al haNisim of uncertain origin and a series of Biblical readings. Uniquely among the local festivals in this siddur, 25 Iyyar calls for a Torah reading not of the Song of the Sea, but the plague against Israel in Numbers 17.
| Source (Hebrew) | Translation (English) |
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יום טוב מקהל קדש קאזואליון
שקבעו אבותינו בזמן שהיתה המגפה בתוך עיר קאוואליאין בשנת שׄצׄאׄ ונעצרה המגפה ביום ארבעים לספירת העומר כ״ה לחדש אייר |
A festival of the holy community of Cavallion[1] In the Hebrew, here and only here written Cazallion. An early sign of the Provençal Hebrew phonetic shift, wherein zayin developed the pronunciation of /v/.
that our ancestors ordained when there was a plague in the city of Cavallion in the year 5391 and the plague was stopped on the fortieth day of the ‘Omer, 25 Iyyar.[2] 27 May, 1631 |
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בלילה קודם ברכו אומרים
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At night, before Barkhu say:
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פסוקים
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Verses
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אוֹדֶ֣ה יְ֭הֹוָה בְּכׇל־לֵבָ֑ב
בְּס֖וֹד יְשָׁרִ֣ים וְעֵדָֽה׃ (תהלים קיא:א) |
I thank the Cause wholeheartedly,
in the upright council and assembly. (Psalms 111:1) |
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וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד פִּֽ֭ינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּ֑ל
וַ֝תֵּעָצַ֗ר הַמַּגֵּפָֽהּ׃ (תהלים קו:ל) |
And Pinḥas stood and intervened,
and the plague was stopped. (Psalms 106:30) |
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וַֽ֭יּוֹשִׁיעֵם לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמ֑וֹ
לְ֝הוֹדִ֗יעַ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֽוֹ׃ (תהלים קו:ח) |
And They saved them for Their name’s sake,
to make known Their might. (Psalms 106:8) |
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יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נוֹשַׁ֣ע בַּֽיהֹוָ֔ה
תְּשׁוּעַ֖ת עוֹלָמִ֑ים׃ (ישעיה מה:יז א׳) |
Israel, saved by the Cause,
salvation of eternity. (Isaiah 45:17a) |
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מֵאֵ֣ת יְ֭הֹוָה הָ֣יְתָה זֹּ֑את
הִ֖יא נִפְלָ֣את בְּעֵינֵֽינוּ׃ (תהלים קיח:כג) |
From the Cause this was;
it is wondrous in our eyes! (Psalms 118:23) |
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אֲהַלְלָ֣ה שֵׁם־אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּשִׁ֑יר
וַאֲגַדְּלֶ֥נּוּ בְתוֹדָֽה׃ |
Let me praise God’s name in song,
greaten Them in thanks. |
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אֲהַלְלָ֣ה שֵׁם־אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּשִׁ֑יר!
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Let me praise God’s name in song!
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פיוט
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Piyyuṭ
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בְּשִׁיר נָעִים
יַלְדֵי שַׁעֲשׁוּעִים יְזַֽמְּרוּ לִשְׁמֶֽךָ |
In pleasant song,
the dandled children will hymn Your name. |
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בִּתְהִלּוֹת
בְּמַקְהֵלוֹת יְבָֽרְכוּ שֵׁם כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ |
In praises,
in communities they will bless Your honored Name. |
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יְהֹוָ֥ה הוֹשִׁ֑יעָה
הַ֝מֶּ֗לֶךְ יַעֲנֵ֥נוּ בְיוֹם־קׇרְאֵֽנוּ׃ (תהלים כ:י) |
O Cause, save!
May the Sovereign answer us on the day we call. (Psalms 20:10) |
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וגומרים ערבית כמו חול
וכמגיע לכי מעולם קוינו לך אומר |
And finish the evening prayer as a regular weekday,
and when reading “Forever we have hoped in You”[3] In the Modim prayer, the final passage before an Al haNissim addition is inserted. say: |
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עַל הַנִּסִּים
וְעַל הַגְּבוּרוֹת וְעַל הַתְּשׁוּעוֹת וְעַל הַפֻּרְקָן וְעַל הַחֲסָדִים שֶׁעָשִֽׂיתָ לַאֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ וְלָֽנוּ וּלְבָנֵֽינוּ בַּיָּמִים הַהֵם וּבַזְּמַן הַזֶּה׃ |
For the miracles
and for the mighty acts and for the salvations and for the rescue and for the mercies that You did for our ancestors and for us and for our descendants in those days and at this time. |
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בִּשְׁנַת שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְאֶחָד וְתִשְׁעִים שָׁנָה חֲמִשָּׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים לְחֹֽדֶשׁ אִיָּר…
הָיָה מַגֵּפָה גְּדוֹלָה תּוֹךְ הָעִיר הַזֹּאת הַשְּׁלוּלָה |
In the year ‘391, the twenty-fifth of the month of Iyyar…
there was a great plague in this plundered city. |
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אָמַֽרְתָּ לַעֲשׂוֹת כָּלָה
עַד־אֲשֶׁר תִּשָּׁאֵר הָעִיר מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב וַחֲלוּלָה נָתַֽתָּ רְשׁוּת לְמַשְׁחִית לְחַבְּלָהּ וְהַמָּֽוֶת בְּחַלּוֹנֵֽנוּ עָלָה וְנָתַֽתָּ עַל־לֵב הַקְּהִלָּה לָצֵאת מִן־הַמְּסִלָּה |
You said to make an end
until the city was left without inhabitants and hollowed out. You gave permission to the destroyer to waste it and death rose in our window, and You set in the mind[4] Lit. heart of the community to go away from the track. |
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לַֽיהֹוָ֥ה הַיְשׁוּעָ֑ה
עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֖ בִרְכָתֶ֣ךָ סֶּֽלָה׃ (תהלים ג:ט) נוֹרָא תְּהִלּוֹת עוֹשֶׂה פְּלָאִים כְּדַאי הָיִֽינוּ לִהְיוֹת כְּלוּאִים לִהְיוֹתֵֽנוּ זַכָּאִים לוּלֵי מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ הַנִּפְלָאִים לְהָגִין עַל־נַֽעַר וְזָקֵן טַף וְנָשִׁים הַנִּמְצָאִים׃ |
The Cause’s is salvation;
Your blessing on Your people, selah! (Psalms 3:9) Awesome in praise, doing wonders! It seemed proper to be quarantined, that we would merit, if not for Your wondrous deeds, to protect young and old, children and women found there. |
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אֵלֶֽיךָ אֲנַֽחְנוּ קוֹרְאִים יוֹצֵר הַמְּאוֹרוֹת
הַגְבֵּר חַסְדְּךָ לָֽנוּ וְלַדּוֹרוֹת וְהִצַּֽלְתָּ נַפְשֵֽׁנוּ מִן־הַצָּרוֹת וְהַקּוֹרוֹת אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ מ֘וֹשִׁ֤יב יְחִידִ֨ים ׀ בַּ֗יְתָה מוֹצִ֣יא אֲ֭סִירִים בַּכּוֹשָׁר֑וֹת׃ (תהלים סח:ז) |
To You, we call, Maker of Luminaries:
Greaten Your kindness for us and for generations! And rescue our souls from the stresses and occurrences; God returns the lonely homewards, brings out captives properly! (Psalms 68:7) |
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נִפְלָאוֹת רָאִֽינוּ בְּעֵינֵֽינוּ
כִּי מֵאֵת יְהֹוָה הָיְתָה זֹּאת וְלֹא־בִּזְכוּתֵֽינוּ וְזָכַֽרְתָּ בְּרִית אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ |
Wonders we saw in our eyes,
since from the Cause was this, and not by our merit, And You remembered the ancestral covenant. |
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חוֹתַם אַהֲבַת אֲבוֹת הַקַּדְמוֹנִים
הוֹפַֽעְתָּ עַל־הַבָּנִים כֵּן הַפְלֵא עָלֵֽינוּ בְּכׇל־עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִים וְתִכְּנֶה שַֽׁעַר שֶׁהַכֹּל פּוֹנִים׃ |
The sealed love of the ancient ancestors
You showed upon the descendants. So too amaze us in every era and eras, and establish the gate to whom all face. |
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וְנוֹדֶה לְשִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל סֶלָה׃
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And we will thank Your great name, selah.
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ועל כולם וכולי
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And for all this…[5] The followng line in the Modim prayer. etc.
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קודם הוצאת התורה
מזמור ק״ו |
Before taking out the Torah:
Psalms 106 |
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הַ֥לְלוּ־יָ֨הּ ׀
הוֹד֣וּ לַיהֹוָ֣ה כִּי־ט֑וֹב כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃ |
Hallelujah!
Thank the Cause who is good, for eternal is Their kindness. |
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מִ֗י יְ֭מַלֵּל גְּבוּר֣וֹת יְהֹוָ֑ה
יַ֝שְׁמִ֗יעַ כׇּל־תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ |
Who can tell the might of the Cause
should make known all Their praise. |
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אַ֭שְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֑ט
עֹשֵׂ֖ה צְדָקָ֣ה בְכׇל־עֵֽת׃ |
Content are those who keep the law,
do justice at all times. |
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זׇכְרֵ֣נִי יְ֭הֹוָה בִּרְצ֣וֹן עַמֶּ֑ךָ
פׇּ֝קְדֵ֗נִי בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ׃ לִרְא֤וֹת ׀ בְּט֘וֹבַ֤ת בְּחִירֶ֗יךָ לִ֭שְׂמֹחַ בְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת גּוֹיֶ֑ךָ לְ֝הִתְהַלֵּ֗ל עִם־נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃ |
Remember me, Cause, in desiring Your people;
account for me in Your salvation, To see the good of Your chosen, to rejoice in the rejoicing of Your nation, to praise with Your inheritance. |
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חָטָ֥אנוּ עִם־אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ
הֶעֱוִ֥ינוּ הִרְשָֽׁעְנוּ׃ |
We have sinned with our ancestors,
done iniquity, done evil. |
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אֲב֘וֹתֵ֤ינוּ בְמִצְרַ֨יִם ׀
לֹא־הִשְׂכִּ֬ילוּ נִפְלְאוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א זָ֭כְרוּ אֶת־רֹ֣ב חֲסָדֶ֑יךָ וַיַּמְר֖וּ עַל־יָ֣ם בְּיַם־סֽוּף׃ |
Our ancestors in Egypt
did not discern Your wonders, nor did they remember Your great kindnesses, but rebelled at the sea, the Reed Sea. |
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וַֽ֭יּוֹשִׁיעֵם לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמ֑וֹ
לְ֝הוֹדִ֗יעַ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֽוֹ׃ וַיִּגְעַ֣ר בְּיַם־ס֭וּף וַֽיֶּחֱרָ֑ב וַיּוֹלִיכֵ֥ם בַּ֝תְּהֹמ֗וֹת כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ וַֽ֭יּוֹשִׁיעֵם מִיַּ֣ד שׂוֹנֵ֑א וַ֝יִּגְאָלֵ֗ם מִיַּ֥ד אוֹיֵֽב׃ |
But They saved them for Their name’s sake,
to make known Their might; rebuked the Reed Sea and it dried; led them in the abyss like a wilderness, and saved them from the hateful, and redeemed them from the enemy. |
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וַיְכַסּוּ־מַ֥יִם צָרֵיהֶ֑ם
אֶחָ֥ד מֵ֝הֶ֗ם לֹ֣א נוֹתָֽר׃ וַיַּאֲמִ֥ינוּ בִדְבָרָ֑יו יָ֝שִׁ֗ירוּ תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃ מִ֭הֲרוּ שָׁכְח֣וּ מַעֲשָׂ֑יו לֹא־חִ֝כּ֗וּ לַעֲצָתֽוֹ׃ |
And water covered their foes;
not one of them remained. And they believed Their words; sang Their praise, then promptly forgot Their deeds, rather than wait for Their counsel. |
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וַיִּתְאַוּ֣וּ תַ֭אֲוָה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֗֝ל בִּישִׁימֽוֹן׃ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם שֶׁאֱלָתָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח רָז֣וֹן בְּנַפְשָֽׁם׃ |
They craved cravings in the wilderness,
and tested the Deity in the wasteland. They gave them their desire, but sent starvation into their souls. |
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וַיְקַנְא֣וּ לְ֭מֹשֶׁה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה
לְ֝אַהֲרֹ֗ן קְד֣וֹשׁ יְהֹוָֽה׃ תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֭רֶץ וַתִּבְלַ֣ע דָּתָ֑ן וַ֝תְּכַ֗ס עַל־עֲדַ֥ת אֲבִירָֽם׃ וַתִּבְעַר־אֵ֥שׁ בַּעֲדָתָ֑ם לֶ֝הָבָ֗ה תְּלַהֵ֥ט רְשָׁעִֽים׃ |
And they envied Moses in the camp,
Aharon, holy of the Cause. The earth opened and swallowed Dathan, covered all Abiram’s assembly, and fire covered their assembly, flame burned the wicked. |
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יַעֲשׂוּ־עֵ֥גֶל בְּחֹרֵ֑ב
וַ֝יִּשְׁתַּחֲו֗וּ לְמַסֵּכָֽה׃ וַיָּמִ֥ירוּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדָ֑ם בְּתַבְנִ֥ית שׁ֗֝וֹר אֹכֵ֥ל עֵֽשֶׂב׃ |
They made a calf at Ḥoreb
and bowed to a cast form, and traded their glory for the form of a grass-eating ox. |
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שָׁ֭כְחוּ אֵ֣ל מוֹשִׁיעָ֑ם
עֹשֶׂ֖ה גְדֹל֣וֹת בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃ נִ֭פְלָאוֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָ֑ם נ֝וֹרָא֗וֹת עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃ |
They forgot the Deity their savior,
who did great works in Egypt, wonders in Ḥamite land, awesome acts at the Reed Sea. |
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וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְֽהַשְׁמִ֫ידָ֥ם
לוּלֵ֡י מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה בְחִיר֗וֹ עָמַ֣ד בַּפֶּ֣רֶץ לְפָנָ֑יו לְהָשִׁ֥יב חֲ֝מָת֗וֹ מֵהַשְׁחִֽית׃ |
And They said They would destroy them,
but Moses Their chosen stood in the breach before Them to turn back Their wrath from destroying. |
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וַֽ֭יִּמְאֲסוּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֑ה
לֹא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ לִדְבָרֽוֹ׃ וַיֵּרָגְנ֥וּ בְאׇהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהֹוָֽה׃ |
And they rejected the desireable land,
not trusting Their word, and grumbled in their tents. They did not listen to the Cause’s voice. |
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וַיִּשָּׂ֣א יָד֣וֹ לָהֶ֑ם
לְהַפִּ֥יל א֝וֹתָ֗ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ וּלְהַפִּ֣יל זַ֭רְעָם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְזָרוֹתָ֗ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ |
They raised Their hand at them, vowing
that they should fall in the wilderness. their seed to fall among the nations, and to be scattered in the lands. |
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וַ֭יִּצָּ֣מְדוּ לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר
וַ֝יֹּאכְל֗וּ זִבְחֵ֥י מֵתִֽים׃ וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַ֥עַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתִּפְרׇץ־בָּ֗֝ם מַגֵּפָֽה׃ |
They yoked themselves to Baal-Peor,
ate offerings to the dead, provoked anger in their acts, and a plague broke out among them. |
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וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד פִּֽ֭ינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּ֑ל
וַ֝תֵּעָצַ֗ר הַמַּגֵּפָֽה׃ וַתֵּחָ֣שֶׁב ל֭וֹ לִצְדָקָ֑ה לְדֹ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ |
And Pinḥas stood and intervened,
and the plague was stopped. And it was considered to his righteousness, for each and every generation to eternity. |
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וַ֭יַּקְצִיפוּ עַל־מֵ֥י מְרִיבָ֑ה
וַיֵּ֥רַע לְ֝מֹשֶׁ֗ה בַּעֲבוּרָֽם׃ כִּי־הִמְר֥וּ אֶת־רוּח֑וֹ וַ֝יְבַטֵּ֗א בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו׃ |
And they provoked wrath at the waters of Meribah,
and Moses was done wrong on their account — since they rebelled against him, he spoke rashly. |
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לֹֽא־הִ֭שְׁמִידוּ אֶת־הָעַמִּ֑ים
אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָמַ֖ר יְהֹוָ֣ה לָהֶֽם׃ וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃ |
They did not destroy the peoples,
as the Cause had said to them, but intermingled with the nations, and learned their deeds. |
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וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֑ם
וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָהֶ֣ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃ וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ אֶת־בְּ֭נֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם לַשֵּׁדִֽים׃ |
And they worshipped their idols;
they were a stumbling-block for them. And they sacrificed their sons and daughters to demons. |
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וַיִּ֥שְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י
דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃ וַיִּטְמְא֥וּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּזְנ֗וּ בְּמַ֥עַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And they spilled innocent blood,
the blood of their sons and daughters who they had sacrificed to the Canaanite idols, so the land was defiled with blood. And they became impure in their acts, licentious in their deeds. |
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וַיִּחַר־אַ֣ף יְהֹוָ֣ה בְּעַמּ֑וֹ
וַ֝יְתָעֵ֗ב אֶת־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּיַד־גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ בָ֝הֶ֗ם שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃ וַיִּלְחָצ֥וּם אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּכָּנְע֗וּ תַּ֣חַת יָדָֽם׃ |
And the Cause’s wrath burned against Their people,
abhorring Their inheritance. And They gave them into the hand of nations; those who hated them ruled over them, and their enemies oppressed them, and they were subject under their hand. |
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פְּעָמִ֥ים רַבּ֗וֹת יַצִּ֫ילֵ֥ם
וְ֭הֵמָּה יַמְר֣וּ בַעֲצָתָ֑ם וַ֝יָּמֹ֗כּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָֽם׃ |
Many times They saved them,
but they rebelled in their schemes and were brought down in iniquity. |
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וַ֭יַּרְא בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם
בְּ֝שׇׁמְע֗וֹ אֶת־רִנָּתָֽם׃ וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר לָהֶ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ וַ֝יִּנָּחֵ֗ם כְּרֹ֣ב חֲסָדָֽו׃ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אוֹתָ֣ם לְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִ֝פְנֵ֗י כׇּל־שׁוֹבֵיהֶֽם׃ |
And They saw their distress,
in hearing their cry, and remembered their covenant, and comforted them per Their great kindness, and gave them compassion before all their captors. |
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הֽוֹשִׁיעֵ֨נוּ ׀ יְ֘הֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ
וְקַבְּצֵ֮נוּ֮ מִֽן־הַגּ֫וֹיִ֥ם לְ֭הֹדוֹת לְשֵׁ֣ם קׇדְשֶׁ֑ךָ לְ֝הִשְׁתַּבֵּ֗חַ בִּתְהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃ |
Save us, Cause our God,
and gather us from the nations, to thank Your holy name, and to exalt you with Your praises. |
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בָּ֤רֽוּךְ־יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֪י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל
מִן־הָ֤עוֹלָ֨ם ׀ וְעַ֬ד הָעוֹלָ֗ם וְאָמַ֖ר כׇּל־הָעָ֥ם אָמֵ֗ן הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ |
Blessed be the Cause, God of Israel,
from eternity to eternity, and all the people said amen, hallelujah! |
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ומוציאים ספר תורה וקורים שלושה גברי
כהן — וילנו כל עדת בני ישראל ממחרת לוי — וידבר… הרמו מתוך העדה ישראל — ויקח אהרן כאשר דבר |
And take out the Torah scroll and three people read:
• First ‘aliyah: Numbers 17:6-8 • Second ‘aliyah: Numbers 17:9–11 • Third ‘aliyah: Numbers 17:12–151[6] In the siddur these ‘aliyot are printed in their entirety. |
Source(s)
Al ha-Nissim for 25 Iyyar (Seder ha-Tamid, Provencal 1766), p. 1r Al ha-Nissim for 25 Iyyar (Seder ha-Tamid, Provencal 1766), p. 1v Al ha-Nissim for 25 Iyyar (Seder ha-Tamid, Provencal 1766), p. 2r Al ha-Nissim for 25 Iyyar (Seder ha-Tamid, Provencal 1766), p. 2v Al ha-Nissim for 25 Iyyar (Seder ha-Tamid, Provencal 1766), p. 3r
Notes
| 1 | In the Hebrew, here and only here written Cazallion. An early sign of the Provençal Hebrew phonetic shift, wherein zayin developed the pronunciation of /v/. |
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| 2 | 27 May, 1631 |
| 3 | In the Modim prayer, the final passage before an Al haNissim addition is inserted. |
| 4 | Lit. heart |
| 5 | The followng line in the Modim prayer. |
| 6 | In the siddur these ‘aliyot are printed in their entirety. |
