In many eastern Sephardic and Mizraḥi communities, there is a custom that a poetic “ketubah,” or marriage-contract, is recited before the Torah service on Shavuot. This custom, based on the midrashic idea that the Torah is the ketubah for the marriage between the bride Israel and the groom God, is beloved by the ḳabbalists. By far the most commonly used Shavuot ketubah is that of the great paytan and meḳubal Yisrael ben Moshe Najara, who wrote the following some time in the sixteenth century. This is a new translation of Najara’s poem.
The color coding is important! Text colored red is directly from the Sephardic ketubah text, and thus is in Aramaic, unlike the majoriy of the poem in Hebrew. Blue colored text is Biblical citations. I’m sure I’ve missed some but I marked the most important ones.
One final note: normally I prefer to translate God in a non-gendered way — avoiding pronouns whenever possible and using they/them if need be. In this case, though, I used the more common masculine language. This poem draws extensively on the heterosexual language of a traditional marriage contract and of the Song of Songs, so my normal pronoun approach would render the ḳabbalistic ideology of God as the groom and Israel as the bride confusing to say the least.
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לְשִׂמְחַת דּוֹדִי צַח דָּגוּל מֵרְבָבָה
אֲשׁוֹרֵר בְנֺעַם זֹאת הַכְּתֻבָּה׃ |
For the rejoicing of my Beloved, bright, eminent over myriads,
I will sing sweetly this marriage-writ. |
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שְׁמַע יָדִיד וְהַט אׇזְנֶֽיךָ
הַקּוֹרֵא אֶת־כְּתֻבָּה הַזּאת לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃ |
Listen, cherished One, and turn Your ear,
To the reader of this marriage-writ before You. |
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בִּזְכוּתָהּ תְּמַהֵר גְּאֻלַּת בָּנֶֽיךָ
בִּישׁוּעַת יְמִינְךָ בְּנַֽחַת וְשׁוּבָה׃ |
In its merit, speed the redemption of Your children,
In Your right hand’s salvation in pride and return. |
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כתובה לחג השבועות – ר׳ ישראל נג׳ארה
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Ketubah for the Shavuot Festival — R. Yisrael Najara
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יָרַד דּוֹדִי לְגַנּוֹ לַעֲרֻגוֹת בָּשְׂמוֹ
לְהִתְעַלֵּס עִם בַּת־נָדִיב וְלִפְרוֹשׂ עָלֶֽיהָ סֻכַּת שְׁלוֹמוֹ אַפִּרְי֗וֹן עָ֤שָׂה לוֹ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה׃ (שיר השירים ג:ט) |
My Beloved went down to the garden, His spice-beds,[1] Find also Song of Songs 6:2.
To make love to the noble daughter and spread over her His peace-shelter. A palanquin King Solomon made for himself. (Song of Songs 3:9) |
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שְׂרָפִים וְאוֹפַנִּים נָטַשׁ וּפָרָשָׁיו וְרִכְבּוֹ
וּבֵין שְׁדֵי אַיֶּֽלֶת אֲהָבִים שָׂם מְסִבּוֹ בְּי֣וֹם חֲתֻנָּת֔וֹ וּבְי֖וֹם שִׂמְחַ֥ת לִבּֽוֹ׃ (שיר השירים ג:יא) |
Fire-serpents and Wheel-angels leave, and His cavalry and riders
And between the breasts of the beloved fawn there He dwelt, On His wedding day and on the day of His heart’s rejoicing. (Song of Songs 3:11) |
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רַעְיָתִי יוֹנָתִי בֹּאִי אִתִּי לִדְבִיר וְאוּלָם
כִּי לְמַעֲנֵךְ אֶעֱזֹב כׇּל־הֲמוֹנֵי מַעְלָה וְחֵילָם וְאֵרַשְׂתִּ֥יךְ לִ֖י לְעוֹלָ֑ם׃ (הושע ב:כא) |
“My companion, my dove, come with me to the Sanctum and Courtyard,
For for your sake I will leave all My multitudes above and their force. And I will betroth you to Me forever.” (Hosea 2:21) |
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אָמְרָה אֲיֻמָּה אֶת־שִׁמְעַת דּוֹד שְׁמַעְתִּֽיהוּ
וְאַהֲבַת עוֹלָם אֲהַבְתִּֽיהוּ יִשָּׁקֵ֙נִי֙ מִנְּשִׁיק֣וֹת פִּ֔יהוּ׃ (שיר השירים א:ב) |
Said the awesome feminine, “I have heard word of the Beloved,
And have loved Him with an eternal love. Let Him kiss me with the kisses of His mouth! (Song of Songs 1:2) |
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לְחֻפָּה נִתְרַצְּתָה מְחֹלַ֖ת הַֽמַּחֲנָֽיִם
וּכְנֶגֶד נַעֲשֶׂ֥ה וְנִשְׁמָֽע לָקְחָה שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא עֲדִי עֲדָיִים בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י לְצֵ֥את בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם׃ (שמות יט:א) |
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וַיְהִי הַקֶּֽשֶׁר אַמִּיץ עִם עַם זוּ קָנָה בְּסִינָי
וְאֵת סֵֽפֶר הַמִּקְנָה וְהֶחָתוּם אֶקְרָא בְּאׇזְנֵי הֲמוֹנָי הִנֵּה הִיא כְּתוּבָה לְפָנָי׃ |
And the bond was steadfast with the people whom He acquired at Sinai,
And the acquisition-book and seal I will read in the multitude’s ears: Behold, this is writ before me. |
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בְּשִׁשִּׁי בַשַּׁבָּת אַגִּיד אֶת־הָרָשׁוּם בִּכְתָב הַנִּשְׁתְּוָן
יוֹם לְהַנְחִיל אוֹהֲבָיו תּוֹרָה אֵל חַי נִתְכַּוָּן שִׁשָּׁה יָמִים לְחֹֽדֶשׁ סִיוָן׃ |
On the sixth day I will tell the inscription in the written document.
A day the Living God intended for His beloveds to inherit the Teaching, Six days into the month of Sivan. |
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בְּיוֹם מִסִּינַ֥י בָּא֙ וְזָרַ֤ח מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ אֵל נֶעְלָם
הוֹפִ֙יעַ֙ מֵהַ֣ר פָּארָ֔ן עַל־מַלְכֵי גוֹיִם כֻּלָּם בִּשְׁנַת אַלְפַּיִם וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וְאַרְבָּעִים וָשֵׁשׁ לִבְרִיאַת עוֹלָם׃ |
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לְמִנְיָן שֶׁאָנוּ מוֹנִין וּקְהַל עֲדָתִי בְּכׇל־תְּפוּצוֹתֶֽיהָ
פֹּה בָּאָֽרֶץ הַלֵּזוּ בְּיַד אֵל נִתְלוּ אָשְׁיוֹתֶֽיהָ כִּי־ה֭וּא עַל־יַמִּ֣ים יְסָדָ֑הּ וְעַל־נְ֝הָר֗וֹת יְכוֹנְנֶֽהָ׃ (תהלים כד:ב) |
Per the count that we count, and my community band in all her diasporas,
Here in this land, by the hand of God, its buttresses were hanged up, For He founded it on the seas, and established it over the rivers. (Psalms 24:2) |
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אֵיךְ הֶחָתָן שַׂר שָׂרִים וּנְגִיד נְגִידִים
יָחִיד וּמְיֻחָד הוּא מוֹשִׁיב יְחִידִים חִכּוֹ֙ מַֽמְתַקִּ֔ים וְכֻלּ֖וֹ מַחֲמַדִּ֑ים׃ (שיר השירים ה:טז) |
How is the Groom, Chief of chiefs and Prince of princes?
One and Only is He, dwelling alone. His palate is sweet and he is altogether lovely. (Song of Songs 5:16) |
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אָמַר לַיְקָרָה וּנְעִימָה הַבַּת רַבַּת מַעֲלוֹת
נָשְׂאָה חֵן בְּעֵינָיו מִכֹּל הַנָּשִׁים וְהַבְּתוּלוֹת יָפָ֣ה כַלְּבָנָ֗ה בָּרָה֙ כַּֽחַמָּ֔ה אֲיֻמָּ֖ה כַּנִּדְגָּלֽוֹת׃ (שיר השירים ו:י) |
He said to the honored and sweet one, daughter of many ascents —
She found favor in his eyes over all the women and virgins, Beautiful as the moon, clear as the sun, awesome as the bannered ones (Song of Songs 6:10) — |
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יָמִים רַבִּים תִּהְיִי־לִי וַאֲנִי אֵלַֽיִךְ לְגוֹאֵל
הִנֵּה שָׁלַחְתִּי לָךְ פְּקוּדִים נֶחֱמָדִים מִזָּהָב עַל־יַד יְקוּתִיאֵל הֱוִי לִי לְאִנְתּוּ כְּדַת מֹשֶׁה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל׃ |
“Many days you will be Mine and I will redeem you.
Hey, I’ve sent you accounts better than gold by Yekuthiel (Moses)’s hand. Be My wife according to the laws of Moses and Israel. |
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וַאֲנָא אוֹקִיר וְאֵזוּן יָתִיכִי וַאֲכַסֶּה
כִּי־אֶהְיֶה עִמָּךְ לְמִסְתּוֹר וּלְמַחֲסֶה וְלִמְכַסֶּה וְהוּכַ֤ן בַּחֶ֙סֶד֙ כִּסֵּ֔א׃ (ישעיה טז:ה) |
And I will honor and support you and cover you,
Dor I will be with You as a shelter, refuge, and coverage, And a throne is established in kindness. (Isaiah 16:5) |
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וִיהִֽיבְנָא לֵֽיכִי מֹֽהַר בְּתוּלַֽיְכִי
תּוֹרַת חָכָם מְקוֹר חַיִּים תִּחְיִי אַתְּ וּבָנַֽיְכִי הָ֝רֹפֵ֗א לְכׇל־תַּחֲלוּאָֽיְכִי הַגּוֹאֵ֣ל מִשַּׁ֣חַת חַיָּ֑יְכִי׃ (תהלים קג:ג-ד חלק) |
And I give to you the dowry of your virginity —
The wise Teaching, source of life. You will live, as will your sons. He heals all your diseases. He redeems your life from the Pit. (Psalms 103:3-4 part) |
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וּצְבִיאַת כַּלְתָא דָא וַהֲוַת לֵיהּ לְאִנְתּוּ
וּבְרִית עוֹלָם לְקֶשֶׁר אַמִּיץ בֵּינֵיהֶם שׁוֹת שָׁתוּ יוֹמָם וָלַ֖יְלָה לֹ֥א יִשְׁבֹּֽתוּ׃ |
And the bride has agreed and become His wife,
And an eternal covenant, a steadfast bond, between them they set. Day and night it will not cease.[6] Find also Genesis 8:22. |
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וּצְבִי חֲתָנָא דְנָא וְהוֹסִיף עַל עִקַּר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ
מַה שֶּׁתַּלְמִיד וָתִיק עָתִיד לְחַדֵּשׁ בְּאוֹרַיְתָא וְסִפְרָא וְסִפְרֵי וְאַגָּדָה וְתוֹסֶפְתָּא׃ |
And the groom agreed and added to the text of her marriage-writ,
What a veteran student will one day innovate in the Teaching,[7] Yerushalmi Peah 2:4 And the Sifra and the Sifre and the Aggadah and the Tosefta. |
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הִקְדִּים לָהּ בְּתוֹרַת מֻקְדָּם רְמַ״ח מִצְוֺת עֲשֵׂה מֵהֶן לֹא יְמִישׁוּן
כִּי אוֹתָם יוֹם־יוֹם יִדְרוֹשׁוּן אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔הּ וְאֶת־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֽׂוּן׃ (שמות יח:כ) |
He provided her the prior Teaching 248 positive commandments indispensible,
For they should seek day by day The path that they will walk and the deeds that they will do. (Exodus 18:20) |
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וְעוֹד כָּתַב לָהּ בְּתוֹרַת מְאֻחָר מִצְוֺת לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה נִקְדָּשׁוּ
לְמִנְיַן שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְשִׁשִּׁים וַחֲמִשָּׁה פָּשׁוּ מַעֲשִׂים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־יֵֽעָשׂ֔וּ׃ (בראשית כ:ט) |
And more, he wrote Her in the latter Teaching sacred negative commandments,
numbering 365 about; Deeds which will not be done. (Genesis 20:9) |
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וְדָא נְדוּנְיָא דְהַנְעֵלַת לֵיהּ כַּלְּתָא דָא לַעֲלוֹת וְלֵרָאוֹת
מֵאֵת אָבִֽיהָ אֲדוֹן הַנִּפְלָאוֹת לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת וְאׇזְנַ֣יִם לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ וְעֵינַ֥יִם לִרְא֖וֹת׃ (דברים כט:ג) |
And this is the brideprice that the bride brought in — to go up and be revealed
before her Father, the Master of Wonders — A heart to know, and ears to hear, and eyes to see. (Cf. Deuteronomy 29:3) |
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נִמְצָא סָךְ הַכֹּל בֵּין כְּתֻבָּה וּנְדוּנְיָא וְחֵֽקֶר כְּבוֹדָם
וְתוֹסֶֽפֶת וּמְאֻחָר וּמֻקְדָּם אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִ֤ים יְרָא֙ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָ֣יו שְׁמ֔וֹר כִּי־זֶ֖ה כׇּל־הָאָדָֽם׃ (קהלת יב:יג) |
The sum total between the marriage-writ, the brideprice, and their sought honor,
and the additions former and latter, is found to be: Be in awe of God and keep His commandments, for this is all humanity. (Ecclesiastes 12:13) |
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וְרָצָה הֶחָתָן לְזַכּוֹת אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל עַם גּוֹרָלוֹ
וּלְהַעֲלוֹת נְכָסִים אֵלּוּ בִּפְרִי יְשַׁוֶּה־לּוֹ שֶׁאִם פִּחֲתוּ פִּחֲתוּ לוֹ וְאִם הוֹתִירוּ הוֹתִירוּ לוֹ׃ (תוספתא בבא מציעא ד:כ) |
And the groom has wished to merit Israel His alloted people,
and raise them these riches of the fruit put forth freely, For if it is loss, the loss is His, and if it is profit, the profit is His. (Tosefta Bava Metzia 4:20) |
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וְקִבֵּל עָלָיו הֶחָתָן אַחֲרָיוּת שְׁטַר כְּתֻבָּה
לְאִתְפְּרָעָא מִכֹּל שְׁפַר אֲרַג נִכְסִין אִישׁ לֹא יֶהְנֶּה בָּהּ מָ֥חַץ רֹ֝֗אשׁ עַל־אֶ֥רֶץ רַבָּֽה׃ (תהלים קי:ו) |
And the groom has received on Himself the text of this marriage-writ,
To be paid back from all the valuable wealth that no human would ever enjoy — Crushing the head over a wide land. (Psalms 110:6) |
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וְקִבְּלוּ תַרְוֵיהוֹן תְּנָאִים נָאִים הַכֹּל בִּכְתָב נֶאֶסְפוּ אָסוֹף
כׇּל־אֶחָד מֵהֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר יִכְסוֹף תְּנָאֵי בֵּית־דִּין מֵרֹאשׁ וְעַד סוֹף׃ |
And the pair received stipulations, all fair in writ, that they would gather, gather,
Every one of them, when they would long for Court stipulations, from beginning to end. |
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מַעֲשֶׂה יָדֶֽיהָ לוֹ וְעָלָיו כׇּל־תַּכְשִׁיטֶֽיהָ
בַּלַּֽיְלָה שִׁירֹה עִמָּהּ וּבַיּוֹם חוּט שֶׁל־חֶֽסֶד מָשׁוּךְ עָלֶֽיהָ תְּנוּ־לָ֭הּ מִפְּרִ֣י יָדֶ֑יהָ וִֽיהַלְל֖וּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִ֣ים מַעֲשֶֽׂיהָ׃ (משלי לא:לא) |
Her handiwork is his, and to him are all her decorations.
His song is with her at night, and in the day a thread of grace drawn over her. Give her her usifruct, and praise her deeds in the gates. (Proverbs 31:31) |
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וְהַיְרֻשָּׁה כְּמִנְהַג דָּת וָדִין עַל־לוּחַ חֲרוּתָה
מִטּוֹבָה הַצְּפוּנָה לַצַּדִּיקִים עַֽיִן לֹא רָאָתָה עָלֹ֤ה נַעֲלֶה֙ וְיָרַ֣שְׁנוּ אֹתָ֔הּ׃ (במדבר יג:ל) |
And the inheritance per the customary law and practice is inscribed on stone,
From goodness stored for the righteous that no eye has seen. Let us go up, go up and inherit it! (Numbers 13:30) |
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וְהַדִּירָה תּוֹרָה בְּקֶֽרֶן זָוִית מְעוֹנָהּ
כֹּל הָרוֹצֶה לִטּוֹל יִטּוֹל סַחְרָ֜הּ וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ וּמִמִּדְבָּ֖ר מַתָּנָֽה׃ (במדבר כא:יח) |
And the dwelling is the Teaching, in the corner her dwelling;
All who want to take should take her profit and hire[8] Isaiah 23:18 — And from the desert to the Giving. (Numbers 21:18) |
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וְשֶׁלֹּא יִשָׂא אִשָּׁה אַחֶֽרֶת עָלֶֽיהָ מִיַלְדֵי נׇכְרִים הַנְּלוֹזוֹת
כִּי אִם בְּבַת שַׁעֲשׁוּעִים יִדְבַּק וְאוֹתָהּ יָשִׂים בַּלֵּב וּבֶחָזוֹת לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה כִּ֥י מֵאִ֖ישׁ לֻֽקֳחָה־זֹּֽאת׃ (בראשית ב:כג) |
That a man not take another wife from the children of the twisted gentiles,
Only to a dandled daughter should he cling, taking in heart and sight. For this will be called Woman, for from man she was taken. (Genesis 2:23) |
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וְשֶׁלֹּא־יַנִיחֶֽנָּה מִתּוֹךְ כַּֽעַס וְהִתְרַשְּׁלוּת
וְלֹא־יֹאכַל עִמָּהּ לֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת נֹהֵ֤ג בַּֽחׇכְמָה֙ וְלֶאֱחֹ֣ז בְּסִכְל֔וּת׃ (קהלת ב:ג) |
And that he should not forsake her from rage and negligence,
Nor eat the bread of laziness with her.[9] Proverbs 31:27 To engage in wise conduct and to grasp foolishness. (Ecclesiastes 2:3) |
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וְשֶׁלֹּא יְמַשְׁכֵּן כְּלֵי חֶמְדָּה וְלֹא יִמְכּוֹר
אַךְ לְהַרְבּוֹת סְפָרִים תָּמִיד יִזְכּוֹר אֱמֶ֣ת קְ֭נֵה וְאַל־תִּמְכֹּ֑ר׃ (משלי כג:כג) |
And that he should not seize her treasured objects, nor sell them,
Rather, he should remember always to increase books. Purchase truth, and do not sell it. (Proverbs 23:23) |
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וְשֶׁלֹא יֵצֵא לְמָקוֹם רָחוֹק אוֹ בַיָם יָשִׂים נְתִיבוֹ
כִּי אִם סֵֽפֶר תּוֹרָה מֻנָּח נֶֽגֶד לִבּוֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה עִמּ֔וֹ וְקָ֥רָא ב֖וֹ׃ (דברים יז:יט) |
And that he should not go out to a distant place or set his path on the sea,
But let the book of Teaching rest by his heart, And it will be with him and he will read it. (Deuteronomy 17:19) |
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וְכׇל־הַתְּנָאִים הַלָּלוּ שְׁרִירִים וְקַיָּמִים
כִּצְבָא הַשָּׁמַֽיִם בַּשַּֽׁחַק נִרְשָׁמִים לַעֲדֵי־עַד וּלְעוֹלְמֵי עוֹלָמִים׃ |
And all these stipulations are set and established,
Marked like the celestial host of heavens, Forever and ever and from eternity to eternity. |
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וְנִשְׁבַּע הֶחָתָן לְקַיֵם כׇּל־דָּבָר לַהֲמוֹנוֹ
וּלְהַנְחִיל יֵשׁ לְאוֹהֲבָיו וּלְעוֹשֵׂי רְצוֹנוֹ נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה בִּֽימִינ֖וֹ׃ (ישעיה סב:ח) |
And the Groom swore to fulfill every word for His multitude,
To let His beloveds and those who do His will inherit substance.[10] Find also Proverbs 8:21 My Master has sworn with His right hand. (Isaiah 62:8) |
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וְקָנָה הֶחָתָן קִנְיָנִים חֲמִשָּׁה
וּמֵהֶם תּוֹרָה וּתְעוּדָה וּסְגֻלָּה מְאֹרָשָׂה וְהוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־הָאֶ֣בֶן הָרֹאשָׁ֔ה׃ (זכריה ד:ו) |
And the Groom has acquired five acquisitions,[11] Chapter on the Acquisition of Torah (Pirkei Avot 6), mishnah 10
And among them are Teaching, Testimony, and betrothed Treasure, and He shall bring out the keystone. (Zechariah 4:7) |
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יִרְא֣וּ צַדִּיקִ֣ים וְיִשְׂמָ֑חוּ וְיֹאכְלוּ אֶת־פִּרְיָם
בִּתְעוּדָה אֲרֻכָּ֣ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִדָּ֑הּ וּ֝רְחָבָ֗ה מִנִּי־יָֽם׃ וְהַכֹּל שָׁרִיר וּבָרִיר וְקַיָם׃ |
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וַיָּ֤קֶם עֵד֨וּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֗ב וְתוֹרָה֮ שָׂ֤ם בְּיִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל בְּמֶֽרֶץ
וְאָמַר לְהָקִים גְּדֵרֶֽיהָ מֵאֵין פּוֹרֵץ פֶּֽרֶץ וְאָעִ֣ידָה לִּ֔י עֵדִ֖ים נֶֽאֱמָנִ֑ים – אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֒רֶץ֒׃ (דברים ל:יט) |
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יִשְׂמַח חָתָן עִם־כַּלָּה לְקָחָהּ לוֹ לְגוֹרָלוֹ
וְיִשְׂמַח לֵב כַּלָּה בְּבַֽעַל נְעוּרֶֽיהָ וְתֹאמַר לְמַהֲלָלוֹ אַשְׁרֵ֣י הָ֭עָם שֶׁכָּ֣כָה לּ֑וֹ׃ (תהלים קמד:טו) |
Let the Groom rejoice in the bride He took as His lot,
And let the bride’s heart rejoice in her young Groom, and say to His praise: Content is the people for whom this is! (Psalms 144:15) |
The transcription of Israel Najara’s piyyut for the Shavuot ketubah was made from Zemirot Yisrael.
Source(s)
Zemirot Yisrael (Yisrael Najara) p. 223 Zemirot Yisrael (Yisrael Najara) p. 224 Zemirot Yisrael (Yisrael Najara) p. 225 Zemirot Yisrael (Yisrael Najara) p. 226
Notes
| 1 | Find also Song of Songs 6:2. |
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| 2 | Song of Songs 7:1 |
| 3 | Exodus 7:24 |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 33:2 |
| 5 | Deuteronomy 33:2 |
| 6 | Find also Genesis 8:22. |
| 7 | Yerushalmi Peah 2:4 |
| 8 | Isaiah 23:18 |
| 9 | Proverbs 31:27 |
| 10 | Find also Proverbs 8:21 |
| 11 | Chapter on the Acquisition of Torah (Pirkei Avot 6), mishnah 10 |
| 12 | Job 22:19 |
| 13 | Job 11:9 |
| 14 | Psalms 78:5 |
| 15 | Isaiah 8:2 |
| 16 | Deuteronomy 30:19. |
