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Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

Yehudah haLevi (also Judah ha-Levi; Hebrew: יהודה הלוי and Judah ben Shmuel Halevi יהודה בן שמואל הלוי; Arabic: يهوذا اللاوي‎; c. 1075 – 1141) was a Spanish Jewish physician, poet and philosopher. He was born in Spain, either in Toledo or Tudela, in 1075 or 1086, and died shortly after arriving in the Holy Land in 1141, at that point the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Yehudah haLevi is considered one of the greatest Hebrew poets, celebrated both for his religious and secular poems, many of which appear in present-day liturgy. His greatest philosophical work was The Kuzari.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Halevi
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עַל אַהֲבָתְךָ אֶשְׁתֶּה גְבִיעִי | Al Ahavatekha Eshteh Gəvi’i, a piyyuṭ of Yehudah haLevi (partial translation by Rabbi Levi Weiman-Kelman)

Contributed by: Levi Weiman-Kelman (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

This is a partial English translation of Al Ahavatekha offered by rabbi Levi Weiman-Kelman to accompany a video by Nigunim Ensemble presenting their musical setting of the piyyut on Youtube in 2018.


עַל אַהֲבָתְךָ אֶשְׁתֶּה גְבִיעִי | Al Ahavatekha Eshteh Gəvi’i, a piyyuṭ of Yehudah haLevi (German translation by Franz Rosenzweig 1921)

Contributed by: Franz Rosenzweig (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The text of Yehudah haLevi’s piyyut, “Al Ahavatekha Eshteh Gəvi’i,” with a German translation by Franz Rosenzweig.


יָהּ, אָנָה אֶמְצָאֶךָּ | Yah, Where shall I find you?, a piyyuṭ by Yehudah haLevi (ca. early 12th c.)

Contributed by: Nina Davis Salaman (translation), the Ben Yehuda Project (transcription), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Aharon N. Varady (translation)

A piyyut that expresses the paradox of a divinity that is both “Beyond” and “Present.”


אֲֽדֹנָי נֶגְדְּךָ כׇל־תַּאֲוָתִי | Adonai Negdekha kol Ta’avati (“The Hearts Desire”), a piyyuṭ by Yehudah haLevi (early 12th c.) rhyming translation by Alice Lucas (1894)

Contributed by: Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Alice Montefiore Lucas (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

A rhyming English translation of the piyyut Adonai Negdekha kol Ta’avati.


אֱלִי, רְפָאֵנִי וְאֵרָפֵא | Eli Refa’eni v’Erafé, the personal physician’s prayer of Rabbi Dr. Yehudah haLevi (ca. early 12th c.)

Contributed by: Nina Davis Salaman (translation), the Ben Yehuda Project (transcription), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Aharon N. Varady (translation)

The physician’s prayer of Rabbi Dr. Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi in the 12th century CE.


בָּרֲכִי נַפְשִׁי | Preise ihn, meine Seele! | Barkhi Nafshi, a piyyuṭ by Yehudah haLevi in abridged translation by Yehoshua Heshil Miro (1835)

Contributed by: Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Yehoshua Heshil Miro, Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Aharon N. Varady (translation)

“Zweites Gebet vor Neïla” is an abridged, adapted translation by Yehoshua Heshil Miro of the piyyut by Yehudah haLevi “Barkhi Nafshi et Adonai.” There are seven stanzas missing near the end including the final stanza and a portion of the penultimate stanza. The translation was published in Miro’s anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1835 edition, as teḥinah №48 pp. 83-85. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №50 on pp. 86-90.


רָאשֵׁי עָם עֵת הִתְאַסֵּף | When the chiefs of the people meet, a muwassaha poem by Yehudah haLevi (ca. early 12th c.)

Contributed by: Herman Prins Salomon (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

“Roshei am et hitasef umlekhim b’sodam” by Yehuda Halevi was translated by Herman Prins Salomon in “Yehuda Halevi and his ‘Cid’” and published in The American Sepharadi (1978), pp. 22-46.


יוֹנָה נִכְאָבָה | Yonah Nikhavah — reshut №6 from the Old Sefaradi Tiqun for Shabbat Divrei, by Yehudah ha-Levi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

This reshut, by Yehuda haLevi, is the sixth of six reshuyot for the first sabbath of rebuke, Shabbat Divrei, the first Sabbath of Rebuke after 17 Tammuz. It is recited before the Torah Service after the public repetition of the Shaḥarit Amidah.


עַד־אָן צְבִי מֻדָּח | ʼAd-an Tsvi Mudaḥ — reshut №5 from the Old Sefaradi Tiqun for Shabbat Shim’u, by Yehudah ha-Levi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

This is the reshut offered before the shaḥarit Torah service on Shabbat Shim’u, by Rabbi Yehuda haLevi.


אֲשַׁחֵר עֲדָתִי | Ashaḥer ʼAdati — reshut №6 from the Old Sefaradi Tiqun for Shabbat Shim’u, by Yehudah ha-Levi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

Shabbat Shim’u is, in most years, the sabbath before Rosh Ḥodesh Av. In years where Shabbat Shim’u falls on Rosh Ḥodesh Av itself, this reshut would be recited on Shabbat Divrei instead, because the Shabbat blessing of the new moon happens before the new moon and not on it.


מִי יִתְּנֵנִי עֶבֶד אֱלוֹהַּ עוֹשֵׂנִי | Mi Yitneni Eved Elo’ah Oseni (“Servant of God”), a piyyut by Yehudah ha-Levi (adapted rhyming English translation by Alice Lucas, 1894)

Contributed by: Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Alice Montefiore Lucas (translation), the Ben Yehuda Project (transcription), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

“Servant of God” is an adapted English rhmying translation by Alice Montefiore Lucas of a piyyut by Yehudah haLevi, first published in the former’s first collection of translations Songs of Zion by Hebrew Singers of Mediæval Times (1894), pp. 9-12.


יוֹם לְיַבָּשָׁה | Yom le-Yabashah (The Day On Which to Dry Land) — a geulah piyyut for the 7th day of Pesaḥ and Shabbat Shirah by Yehudah haLevi (early 12th c.)

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

Originally written by Yehuda haLevi for the seventh day of Pesaḥ, Yom le-Yabasha — a celebration of the crossing of the Sea of Reeds and the establishment of the covenant as signified by the circumcision and tsitsit — it quickly became a beloved piyyut on that occasion and more.


הֲלַנֹּפְלִים תְּקוּמָה | Halanofəlim Tequmah — reshut №4 from the Old Sefaradi Tiqun for Shabbat Ḥazon, by Yehudah ha-Levi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

“Halanofelim Tequmah” is the second reshut offered before Nishmat at the outset of Shaḥarit (concluding the Zemirot). It is the fourth reshut among the reshuyot in the Old Sefaradi Tiqun for Shabbat Ḥazon — the final shabbat before 9 Av.


יְדִיד עֶלְיוֹן | Yədid ‘Elyon — an ahavah piyyuṭ for Parashat ‘Éqev by Yehudah ha-Levi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

An original rhyming translation of the ahavah piyyut for Shabbat ‘Éqev, a poem by Yehuda haLevi that discusses the halakhot of making and wearing tefillin in honor of the fact that tefillin are mentioned in the parashah.


אִמְרוֹת הָאֵל טְהוֹרוֹת | Imrot ha-El Ṭ’horot — a meorah piyyuṭ for days on which the Decalogue is recited, by Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi

A meorah — a piyyuṭ to be inserted before the ḥatima of the first blessing of the Shema’ — by the great payṭan Yehuda haLevi. This piyyuṭ was traditionally recited in eastern Ashkenazi communities on Shabbat Yitro and VaEtḥanan, the two Shabbatot where the Ten Commandments are read. Some also included it on the first day of Shavuot for the same reason.


יוֹם שַׁבָּתוֹן | Yom Shabbaton, a Shabbat song by Yehudah haLevi (interpretive translation by Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi)

Contributed by: Zalman Schachter-Shalomi (translation), Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

An interpretive translation of Yehudah haLevi’s shabbat song, “Yom Shabbaton.”


מִי כָמֽוֹךָ וְאֵין כָּמֽוֹךָ | Mi Khamokha v’Ein Kamokha, a retelling of Megillat Esther in a piyyuṭ for Shabbat Zakhor by Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi (ca. 11th c.)

Contributed by: Yehudah ben Shmuel haLevi, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

The poem Mi Khamokha v-Ein Khamokha, an epic retelling of the book of Esther in verse, was written for Shabbat Zakhor, the Shabbat before Purim, by the great paytan Yehuda ben Shmuel haLevi. It was originally written as a “geulah,” meant to be inserted into the prayer after the Shema in place of the verse beginning with “A new song…” But later Sephardic poskim ruled that it was forbidden to insert piyyutim into the Shema blessings, so in the communities that recite it today it is generally either read after the Full Kaddish as an introduction to the Torah service, or (for instance, in most Spanish and Portuguese communities) within the verse “Kol atzmotai tomarna” in the Nishmat prayer. Wherever you include it in your service, it’s a beautiful and intricately rhymed piyyut, and surprisingly easy to understand at that. It is presented here in a gender-neutral translation with all the Biblical verses cited, alongside a new translation that preserves the fourfold acrostic, two alphabetical and two authorial. –Isaac Gantwerk Mayer



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