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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Before the Aliyot, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur, Hoshana Rabbah
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הוצאת ספר תורה Removal of the Torah from the Ark, 19th century C.E., תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, German Jewry
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“Bei eben dieser Gelegenheit am Neujahrs⸗, am Versöhnungstage und am siebenten Tage des Laubhüttenfestes” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaischer Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaischer Religion as teḥinah №19 on pp. 23-24. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №19 on pp. 27-28. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №21 on pp. 30-31. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation), Yehoshua Heshil Miro and Bnei Qoraḥ
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Categories: |
Tehilim Book 2 (Psalms 42–72), Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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German Jewry, shofar blowing, Tishrei Zman, 19th century C.E., שופר shofar, Psalms 47, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, מזמור Mizmor, למנציח Lamnatse'aḥ
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“Dieser Psalm wird siebenmal vor dem Schofer blasen wiederholt (Psalm 47)” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №35 on p. 44. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №31 on pp. 47-48. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №33 on pp. 50-51. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, German Jewry, Tishrei Zman, paraliturgical unetanah toqef, 19th century C.E., זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah, תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M.
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“Gebet wenn der Vorbeter unssane Tokef vorträgt” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1833 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion on pp. 47-48. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №34 on pp. 51-52. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №36 on pp. 54-55. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur
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Tags: |
19th century C.E., תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, German Jewry, paraliturgical aleinu
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“Am Neujahrstag, ראשׁ השׁנה und am Versöhnungstag, יוֹם כִּיפּוּר wenn der Vorbeter knieend spricht: וַאַנַחֲנוּ כּוֺרְעִים” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1835 edition, as teḥinah №44 pp. 74-75. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №46 on pp. 77-78. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur
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Tags: |
German Jewry, Aseret Yemei Tshuvah, 19th century C.E., תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer
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“Betrachtungen für die zehn Bußtage” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №42 on pp. 53-56. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №41 pp. 64-68. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №43 on pp. 67-71. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur
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Tags: |
German vernacular prayer, German Jewry, paraliturgical aleinu, 19th century C.E., תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers
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“Am Neujahrstag und Versöhnungstag wenn der Vorbether Alenu sagt” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №40 on pp. 51-52. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №39 pp. 62-63. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №41 on pp. 65-66. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, German Jewry, shofar blowing, Tishrei Zman, 19th century C.E., שופר shofar, זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah, תחינות teḥinot
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“Zweites Gebet vor dem Schofar blasen” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №36 on pp. 44-46. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №33 on pp. 49-51. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №35 on pp. 52-54. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Andreas Rusterholz (transcription), Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Yehoshua Heshil Miro
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
Jewish Women's Prayers, German vernacular prayer, German Jewry, shofar blowing, Tishrei Zman, 19th century C.E., שופר shofar, זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah, תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M.
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“Am Neujahrstage vor dem Schofer blasen” was translated/adapted by Yehoshua Heshil Miro and published in his anthology of teḥinot, בית יעקב (Beit Yaaqov) Allgemeines Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauen mosaicher Religion. It first appears in the 1829 edition, תחנות Teḥinot ein Gebetbuch für gebildete Frauenzimmer mosaicher Religion as teḥinah №34 on pp. 43-44. In the 1835 edition, it appears as teḥinah №32 on pp. 48-49. In the 1842 edition, it appears as teḥinah №34 on pp. 51-52. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Chaya Kaplan-Lester
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Categories: |
Erev Shabbat, Erev Pesaḥ, Shavuot, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Sukkot, 7th Day of Pesaḥ, Yom Kippur
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entering, welcoming, candle lighting, Light, 21st century C.E., potential, 58th century A.M., fire, כוונות kavvanot, kindling, English poetry, Prayers as poems, English vernacular prayer
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Please God Let me light More than flame tonight. More than wax and wick and sliver stick of wood. More than shallow stream of words recited from a pocket book. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Arthur Waskow and the Shalom Center
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Categories: |
Erev Pesaḥ, Erev Shabbat, Shavuot, Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System, Sukkot, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur, Ecotastrophes
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ecoḥasid, North America, candle lighting, 20th century C.E., 58th century A.M., eco-conscious, כוונות kavvanot, kindling, English vernacular prayer
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“Between the Fires: A Prayer for lighting Candles of Commitment” was composed by Rabbi Arthur Waskow, drawing on traditional midrash about the danger of a Flood of Fire, and the passage from Malachi. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Yosef Goldman and Unknown Author(s)
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
Oḥilah la'El, prayers of shliḥei tsibbur, סליחות seliḥot, ḥazzanut, preparation, רשות reshut, זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah, 21st century C.E., Openers, 58th century A.M., כוונות kavvanot, Philadelphia, English vernacular prayer
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“The personal prayer of this shaliaḥ tsibbur” with a translation of the piyyut “Oḥilah la’El” was first published on Facebook by Yosef Goldman and shared through the Open Siddur Project via its Facebook discussion group. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Isaac Gantwerk Mayer
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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egalitarian, traditional egalitarian, פיוטים piyyutim, 21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., Biblical Women, סליחות seliḥot
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The Raḥamana piyyut is a litany beloved in Sephardic and Mizraḥi communities, a standard part of their Seliḥoth services throughout the month of Elul and the days of repentance. Traditionally it cites a list of Biblical men (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Pinhas, David, and Solomon) and asks to be remembered for their merit and their covenants, for the sake of “Va-yaŋabor” — the first word of Exodus 34:6, the introduction to the verses of the Thirteen Attributes recited in Seliḥoth services. This text instead uses Biblical women (Sarah, Rebecca, Leah and Rachel, Serach, Miriam, Deborah, Ruth, Hannah, and Esther). . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Daniel Yoel Cohen
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Days of Judgement & New Year Days, Yom Kippur, Self-Reflection, Repenting, Resetting, and Forgiveness
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repentance, integrity, 21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., acknowledgment, paraliturgical vidui, וידוי vidui
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Vidui means acknowledgment. It is not about self-flagellation or blame, but about honesty, coming into contact with our lives, our patterns and experiences, and ultimately about teshuva and learning. In contacting the pain and suffering which our modes of being have given rise to, our regret can help us to willfully divest ourselves of them and awaken the yearning for those modes of being which are life-affirming, supportive of wholeness, connection, integrity, and flourishing. With each one we tap on our heart, touching the pain and closed-heartedness we have caused, and simultaneously knocking on the door that it may open again. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Unknown Translator(s) and Ehud Manor
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Categories: |
Mourning, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Nirtsah, War
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lamentation, 20th century C.E., קינות Ḳinnot, Prayers as poems, ישראל Yisrael, elegies, War of Attrition
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“baShanah haBa’ah” (Next Year) by Ehud Manor written in 1968 in memory of his brother Yehudah. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
David Seidenberg and neohasid.org
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah la-Melakhim, Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System, Rosh haShanah la-Behemah, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Rosh haShanah la-Ilanot (Tu biShvat)
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21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., ecoḥasid, eco-conscious, North America, earth
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God of all spirit, all directions, all winds You have placed in our hands power unlike any since the world began to overturn the orders of creation. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Avi Weiss
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur
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confession, Open Orthodoxy, וידוי vidui, positive self-recognition, acrostic, supplemental vidui, complementary vidui, North America, זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah, 21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., New York, Alphabetic Acrostic
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Melissa Scholten-Gutierrez writes, “Rav Avi spoke to us a few times as he was working through [composing] this [vidui] and I am truly moved by it. Let us not only remember and confess our wrong doings, but also what we did right this year.” . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
David Wolkin
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur, Days of Judgement & New Year Days, Self-Reflection
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North America, journaling, writing, 21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., חשבון הנפש Ḥeshbon HaNefesh, self-reflection, תשובה teshuvah, Needing Translation (into Hebrew)
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David Wolkin writes, “I’ve been pushing this writing exercise for a while now, but I taught a class with it in my home on Sunday and it proved to be powerful and connecting for all of us in the room. If you’re reflecting/repenting this season, you might benefit from this.” . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Rabbi Jill Hammer, Ph.D.
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Repenting, Resetting, and Forgiveness, Tashlikh
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Tags: |
21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., Prayers as poems, English vernacular prayer, תשובה teshuvah, תשליך tashlikh
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Today I turned my heart toward the new year and wrote a prayer-poem for Tashlikh, the Rosh haShanah ritual of casting bread or stones into the water to cast off one’s past wrongdoings. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Arthur Waskow and the Shalom Center
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Categories: |
Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
eco-conscious, interconnectedness, interbreathing, 21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., global warming, global climate change, Memorial prayers, English vernacular prayer
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May the words we are with Your help sharing today, Speak deeply –- with Your help — to our nation and the world. Help us all to know that the sharing of our breath with all of life Is the very proof, the very truth, that we are One. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Avi Dolgin
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Repenting, Resetting, and Forgiveness, Tashlikh
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Tags: |
58th century A.M., Teva Learning Center, תשליך tashlikh, eco-conscious, water, four worlds, 21st century C.E.
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Avi Dolgin shares his mindful practice for maintaining “tashlikh consciousness” in the days leading up to Rosh Hashanah. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
David Seidenberg and neohasid.org
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Categories: |
Cacophany, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Public Amidah, Musaf Rosh Hashanah, Atah Qadosh (Third Blessing of the Amidah), קדושה Qedushah, Breslov, חסידי ברצלב Ḥasidei Bratslav (Breslov), clapping, Coronation, ecoḥasid, Ḥasidic
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In Uman, Ukraine (and in [the Breslov [community] in general) during the repetition of Rosh Hashanah Musaf, when when the ḥazan gets to the special brokha in the Amidah for Yamim Nora’im [the Days of Awe]: . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription)
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Categories: |
Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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21st century C.E., 58th century A.M., Jewish Farming, eco-conscious, peace, humor, זמירות zemirot, Teva Learning Alliance, punning
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A pun filled ditty by the Fall 2010 Jewish environmental educators of the Teva Learning Center. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), David de Sola Pool and Abba (Arikha) bar Aybo (traditional attribution)
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Aleinu
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40th century A.M., 3rd century C.E., Closers, מלכויות malkhuyot, censored prayers under Christendom, עדות witnessing, testament to divine reality, standing posture, עלינו Aleinu, על כן נקוה al ken n'qaveh, Jewish identity
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The prayer, Aleinu, as read by Sepharadim, with an English translation by Rabbi David de Sola Pool. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (translation) and Fanny Schmiedl-Neuda
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Yom Kippur
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cemetery prayers, memento mori, סעודה המפסקת seudah hamafseket, 19th century C.E., erev yom kippur, yamim noraim, תחינות teḥinot, 57th century A.M., Teḥinot in German, German vernacular prayer, Bohemian Jewry
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A prayer offered on erev Rosh haShanah or Yom Kippur to visit the local Jewish cemetery. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) and Seril Rappaport
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Shabbat Məvorkhim, Rosh Ḥodesh Tishrei (תִּשְׁרֵי)
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repentance, yamim noraim, days of awe, תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, 18th Century C.E., Yiddish vernacular prayer, תחינות tkhines
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“Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the New Moon of Tishrei [Rosh Hashanah]” by Rebbetsin Seril Rappaport is a faithful transcription of her tkhine included in “תחנה אמהות מן ראש חודש אלול” (Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the New Moon of Elul) published in Vilna, 1874, as re-published in The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) and Seril Rappaport
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
תחינות tkhines, תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., 18th Century C.E., Yiddish vernacular prayer, Torah scrolls as advocates, Paraliturgical removal of the Torah from the Ark
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“Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the Torah Reading on Rosh Hashanah” by Rebbetsin Seril Rappaport is a faithful transcription of her tkhine included in “תחנה אמהות מן ראש חודש אלול” (Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the New Moon of Elul) published in Vilna, 1874, as re-published in The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Seril Rappaport and Tracy Guren Klirs (translation)
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
repentance, תחינות teḥinot, 56th century A.M., Jewish Women's Prayers, 18th Century C.E., Yiddish vernacular prayer, Imahot as Advocates, Angels as advocates, שופר shofar, תחינות tkhines, זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah
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“Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the Blowing of the Shofar” by Rebbetsin Seril Rappaport is a faithful transcription of her tkhine included in “תחנה אמהות מן ראש חודש אלול” (Tkhine of the Matriarchs for the New Moon of Elul) published in Vilna, 1874, as re-published in The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (translation), Aharon Varady (translation/Hebrew) and Levi Yitsḥaq Derbarmdiger Rosakov of Berditchev
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Taḥanun, Yom Kippur, Purim Qatan, Motsei Shabbat
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Tags: |
panentheism, 56th century A.M., creator within creation, 18th Century C.E., אנה אמצאך ana emtsaeka, Hebrew translation, Yiddish songs, ḥassidut, הבדלות havdalot, non-dual theology, זמירות zemirot, תשובה teshuvah
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A profound song invoking divine presence. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
Nusaḥ Romaniote, kol nidrei, 15th century C.E., 53rd century A.M., Nusaḥ Roma
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The Italian Jewish community is one of the oldest continuous Jewish communities on the planet, dating back to the Roman empire at the latest.The Italian Jewish nusaḥ preserves several archaic practices that Ashkenazi and Sephardi rites no longer follow, many of which were found in gaonic siddurim and preserved only among the Italians. One fascinating custom of the Italian Jews is the recitation of what Ashkenazim and Sephardim call “Kol Nidrei” not in Aramaic, but in Hebrew, under the name “Kol N’darim.” This custom, also found among the Romaniotes of Greece, is elsewhere only found in the siddur of Rav Amram Gaon. The text included here is transcribed, niqqud and all, directly from a 1469 Italian-rite siddur found in the British Library. The scribe uses several non-standard vocalizations, which have been marked in editors’ notes. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) and Penina Moïse
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Aqedat Yitsḥaq
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Tags: |
ABAB rhyming scheme, 19th century C.E., עקדת יצחק Akeidat Yitsḥaq, 57th century A.M., English vernacular prayer, South Carolina, hymns
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“Morn breaks upon Moriah’s height!” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “New Year (Roshe Hashannah)” as Hymn 60 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 61-62. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Ḳahal Ḳadosh Beth Elohim (Charleston, South Carolina) and Penina Moïse
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit)
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Tags: |
English vernacular prayer, South Carolina, hymns, AABBCC rhyming scheme, 19th century C.E., 57th century A.M.
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“Into the tomb of ages past,” by Penina Moïse, published in 1842, appears under the subject “New Year (Roshe Hashannah)” as Hymn 59 in Hymns Written for the Service of the Hebrew Congregation Beth Elohim, South Carolina (Penina Moïse et al., Ḳ.Ḳ. Beth Elohim, 1842), pp. 61-62. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Zalman Schachter-Shalomi
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Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Repenting, Resetting, and Forgiveness
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Renewal, beit din, friends, judgement, vows, ecoḥasid
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Almost everyone who is Jewish knows that Kol Nidre is about releasing vows and has participated in the ceremony. Few know the parallel ritual done in small groups before Rosh Hashanah. Traditionally, right before Rosh Hashanah one performs this simple ritual with three friends, each in turn becoming the petitioner, while the other three act as the beit din, the judges in a court. The ritual is a wonderful way to enter the holidays as well as to prepare oneself for what will happen on Yom Kippur. . . . |
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Contributor(s): |
Unknown Author(s), Aharon N. Varady and Rabbi Natan Slifkin
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Categories: |
Rosh haShanah la-Melakhim, Erev Shabbat, Hekhalot Writings, Rosh haShanah la-Behemah, Birkhot haShaḥar, Rosh Ḥodesh Readings, Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit), Rosh haShanah la-Ilanot (Tu biShvat)
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animals, Early Middle Ages, birds, creeping creatures, cosmological, 5th century C.E., hymns of creation, 43rd century A.M., heikhalot literature, ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah, Openers, Late Tannaitic, Early Ammoraic
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Talmudic and midrashic sources contain hymns of the creation usually based on homiletic expansions of metaphorical descriptions and personifications of the created world in the Bible. The explicitly homiletic background of some of the hymns in Perek Shira indicates a possible connection between the other hymns and Tannaitic and Amoraic homiletics, and suggests a hymnal index to well-known, but mostly unpreserved, homiletics. The origin of this work, the period of its composition and its significance may be deduced from literary parallels. A Tannaitic source in the tractate Hagiga of the Jerusalem (Hag. 2:1,77a—b) and Babylonian Talmud (Hag. 14b), in hymns of nature associated with apocalyptic visions and with the teaching of ma’aseh merkaba serves as a key to Perek Shira’s close spiritual relationship with this literature. Parallels to it can be found in apocalyptic literature, in mystic layers in Talmudic literature, in Jewish mystical prayers surviving in fourth-century Greek Christian composition, in Heikhalot literature, and in Merkaba mysticism. The affinity of Perek Shira with Heikhalot literature, which abounds in hymns, can be noted in the explicitly mystic introduction to the seven crowings of the cock — the only non-hymnal text in the collection — and the striking resemblance between the language of the additions and that of Shi’ur Koma and other examples of this literature. In Seder Rabba de-Bereshit, a Heikhalot tract, in conjunction with the description of ma’aseh bereshit, there is a clear parallel to Perek Shira’s praise of creation and to the structure of its hymns. The concept reflected in this source is based on a belief in the existence of angelic archetypes of created beings who mediate between God and His creation, and express their role through singing hymns. As the first interpretations of Perek Shira also bear witness to its mystic character and angelologic significance, it would appear to be a mystical chapter of Heikhalot literature, dating from late Tannaitic — early Amoraic period, or early Middle Ages. . . . |
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