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Unknown (translation)

Sometimes the best we can do in attributing a historical work is to indicate the period and place it was written, the first prayer book it may have been printed in, or the archival collection in which the manuscript was found. We invite the public to help to attribute all works to their original composers. If you know something not mentioned in the commentary offered, please let us know!

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ABABCCDD | acrostic | Acrostic signature | אדון עולם Adon Olam | אגדלך Agadelkha | Alphabetic Acrostic | American Jewry of the United States | political and religious anarchism | Arabic translation | Aramaic | Aramaic translation | Arba Kehillot | Avraham Avinu | אין אדיר Ayn Adir | Batavian Republic | Battle of Kápolna | British Commonwealth | British Jewry | British Monarchy | Carpentras | civil declarations and charters | Constitutional Monarchy | cosmological | counting songs | Crowning | Darija | Dutch Jewry | אחד מי יודע eḥad mi yode'a | אל מלא רחמים El Malé Raḥamim | elegies | Emancipation | the Enlightenment | entering magical territory | euphoria | exile | Felix Libertate | fire | הקפה ד׳ fourth haḳafah | German vernacular prayer | Greek speaking Jewry | Greek translation | חד גדיא Ḥad Gadya | Haftarah supplement | חסידות Ḥasidut | Hebrew translation | High Middle Ages | Hungarian Revolution of 1848 | Israel | Italian translation | Jeremiah | Jewish Science movement | Judeo-Arabic | Judeo-Greek | Judeo-Tunisian | קדיש ḳaddish | Kingdom of Hungary | Kurdish Jewry | Ladino Translation | Ladino vernacular prayer | Lajos Kossuth | lamentation | liberation | Magyar vernacular prayer | Mainz | מעוז צור Maoz Tsur | military | Morocco | national anthems | Needing Attribution | Needing Proofreading | נעילה‎ neilah | Netherlandish Jewry | nine days | נרצה Nirtsah | Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin | Ode to Joy | Patriotic hymns | פיוטים piyyuṭim | Prayers as poems | predation | קינות Ḳinōt | Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ | Queens | רשות reshut | Revolutions of 1848 | rhyming translation | salvation | ספר יצירה Sefer Yetsirah | סליחות səliḥot | שבע מצות בני נח Seven Noaḥide Commandments | שבת חזון Shabbat Ḥazon | Shabbatot of Admonition | Spanish-Portuguese | Spanish Translation | תרגום targum | the Furnace | the Holocaust | השואה the Shoah | Three Weeks of Mourning | Tunisia | United Kingdom | Universal Peace | via negativa | War of Attrition | Western Sepharadim | World War Ⅱ | Yevanic | Yiddish vernacular prayer | ישראל Yisrael | Y'mei Bein haMitsrim | זמירות zemirot | 11th century C.E. | 12th century C.E. | 13th century C.E. | 14th century C.E. | 16th century C.E. | 17th century C.E. | 18th century C.E. | 19th century C.E. | 20th century C.E. | 49th century A.M. | 51st century A.M. | 52nd century A.M. | 53rd century A.M. | 54th century A.M. | 55th century A.M. | 56th century A.M. | 57th century A.M. | 58th century A.M.

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מָעוֹז צוּר | Maoz Tsur in a rhyming English translation (1893)

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Unknown (translation), Mordecai ben Yitsḥok ha-Levi

This is an English translation of Maoz Tsur published by The Hebrew Standard for their 1893 Ḥanukkah issue (vol. 29, no. 12, New York, Friday, 8 December 1893 — 29 Kislev 5654). The Hebrew Standard was one of the biggest English-language Jewish papers in America around the turn of the twentieth century, generally taking a more traditionalist line than the Reform papers and a more moderate line than the leftist ones. This translation, simply titled “Chanukah”, unfortunately goes unattributed in the pages of The Hebrew Standard. The translation follows an ABABCCDD rhyme scheme (for those unfamiliar with rhyme scheme notation, this is the same rhyme scheme as “The Star-Spangled Banner“), unlike the Hebrew’s ABABBBccB. . . .


אֲגַדֶלְךָ | Agadelkha, a piyyut by Avraham ibn Ezra (ca. 12th c.)

Contributed by: Unknown (translation), Avraham ibn Ezra, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

A popular piyyut for all occasions by Avraham ibn Ezra. . . .


אֲדוֹן עוֹלָם (מנהג הספרדים במזרח) | Adōn Olam (Ladino translation from the Sidur Tefilat Kol Pe, 1891)

Contributed by: Unknown (translation), Shlomo ibn Gabirol, Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

The Seder Tefilat Kol Peh was printed in 1891 in Vienna, and features a full Ladino translation of the entire siddur. The Ladino translation here is found on the left side of pagespread №145. Along with a full transcription of the Ladino text, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer has also prepared a full romanization of the Ladino. . . .


בַּחֹֽדֶשׁ הָֽרְבִיעִי | baḤodesh haRevi’i (In the fourth month), a ḳinah for the 17th of Tamuz attributed to Solomon ibn Gabirol (ca. 11th c.)

Contributed by: Isaac Leeser (translation), Unknown (translation), Shlomo ibn Gabirol, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The seliḥah with its English translation as found in Siddur Siftei Tsadiqim (The Form of Prayers) vol. 6: Seder haTefilot laTaaniyot (ed. Isaac Leeser 1838) p.107-109. . . .


מגילת יונה | Megillat Yonah with its Yevanic (Judeo-Greek) Targum ca. 14th c.

Contributed by: Unknown (translation), the Mesorah (TaNaKh), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut)

This is a 14th-century translation of the entire book of Jonah into Judeo-Greek or Yevanic, the traditional language of the Romaniote community of Byzantium. To quote the Judeo-Greek expert Julia G. Krivoruchko, it “exhibits a fusion of contemporary vernacular language with archaic elements” and “favors an extremely literal translation style.” This translation was first published in Greek transcription by the Dutch hellenist Dirk Christiaan Hesseling, who misdated it to the 12th-century based on a mixup between the Seleucid and common eras. Included as part of a Romaniote maḥzor (Bodleian Library MS. Oppenheim Add. 8° 19), this translation was almost certainly in use as a targum for the reading of Jonah as the Yom Kippur minḥa haftarah. In the original manuscript the majority of verses are preceded with a few words of the Hebrew, a common practice for written targumim. . . .