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Sometimes the best we can do in attributing a historical work is to indicate the period and place it was written, the first prayer book it may have been printed in, or the archival collection in which the manuscript was found. We invite the public to help to attribute all works to their original composers. If you know something not mentioned in the commentary offered, please leave a comment or contact us.

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Rosh Ḥodesh Adar (אַדָר) Alef & Bet | Addenda | Additional Fast Days | Additional Morning Prayers | Additional Preparatory Prayers | After the Aliyot | Minḥah | Aleinu | Weekday Amidah | Aqédat Yitsḥaq | 🌐 Armistice Day (November 11th) | Art & Craft | Arvit l'Shabbat | Asarah b'Tevet Readings | 🇦🇹 Austria | Rosh Ḥodesh Av (אָב) | Morning Baqashot | Barekh | Barkhu | Barukh she’Amar | Barukh Hashem l’Olam | Bedtime Shema | Before the Aliyot | Berakhot she'Asani | Berakhot sheNatani | Birkat Ahavah | Birkat Ahavah for Ma'ariv/Arvit | Birkat Ga'al Yisrael for Shaḥarit | Blessings After Eating | Birkhot haTorah | Birkonim (בענטשערס Bentshers) | Tehilim Book 5 (Psalms 107–150) | Tehilim Book 4 (Psalms 90–106) | Tehilim Book 1 (Psalms 1–41) | Tehilim Book 2 (Psalms 42–72) | Brit Milah & Simḥat Bat | 🇺🇸 National Brotherhood Week | Slavery & Captivity | Child care | Conflicts over Sovereignty and Dispossession | Congregation & Community | Contemplation | Counting Days | Davvening | Divrei Hayamim (Chronicles 1 & 2) | Dreaming | Drought & Wildfire | the Dry Season (Spring & Summer) | Dying | Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System | 🌐 Earth Day (22 April) | Elohai Neshamah | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | Epidemics & Pandemics | Erev Shabbat | Esther | Maariv Aravim | Extracanonical Megillot | Preparing one's face | Rosh haShanah la-Behemah | Rosh haShanah la-Melakhim | 🇫🇷 France | Friday | Birkat Ga'al Yisrael for Ma'ariv/Arvit | Pogroms & Genocide | 🇩🇪 Germany | Government & Country | Ḥag haBanot (Eid el Benat) Readings | Hallel for Festivals & Rosh Ḥodesh | Hallel | Preparing one's hands | Ḥanukkah | Ḥanukkah Readings | Hashkivenu | Hekhalot Writings | 🌐 Holocaust Remembrance Day (January 27th) | Homes & Community Centers | Hoshana Rabba | 🇭🇺 Hungary | Immersion (Purification) | Imminent Communal Danger & Distress | Incantations, Adjurations, & Amulets | Incense and other Offerings | 🌐 International Women's Day (March 8th) | 🌐 International Workers' Day (May 1st) | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 🇮🇹 Italy | Rosh Ḥodesh Iyyar (אִיָּר) | Ḳaddish | Kaparōt | Ḳiddush Levanah | Rosh Ḥodesh Kislev (כִּסְלֵו) | Kristallnacht (9-10 November, 16 Marḥeshvan) | 🇺🇸 Labor Day (1st Monday of September) | Learning, Study, and School | Magid | Mah anu | Man-made Disasters | Rosh Ḥodesh Marḥeshvan (מַרְחֶשְׁוָן) | 🇮🇱 Medinat Yisra'el (the State of Israel) | Meteorological and Astronomical Observations | Midrash Aggadah | Midrash Halakhah | Military Personnel & Veterans | Mishlei (Proverbs) | 🇺🇸 Mother's Day (2nd Sunday of May) | Motsei Shabbat | Mourning | Mussar (Ethical Teachings) | 🇳🇱 the Netherlands | Nirtsah | Rosh Ḥodesh Nisan (נִיסָן) | Nittel Nacht Readings | Parashat b'Shalaḥ | Parashat Yitro | Pesaḥ | Haggadot for the Seder Leil Pesaḥ | Personal & Paraliturgical collections of prayers | Pesaḥ Readings | Pesaḥ Yamei Ḥag | Phonaesthetics | 🇵🇹 Portugal | Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth | Psalm of the Day | Psuqei d'Zimrah/Zemirot l'Shabbat ul'Yom Tov | Purim | Purim Readings | Purim Sheni Readings | Ḳabbalat Shabbat | Ḳadesh | Qedushah | Qorbanot | 🇺🇸 Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust | Repenting, Resetting, and Reconciliation | Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit) | Rosh haShanah la-Behemah Readings | Rosh haShanah Readings | Rosh Ḥodesh | Rosh Ḥodesh Readings | 🇷🇺 Russia | Saturday | Second Temple Period | Seder al-Tawḥid | Seder intro | Sefer Yetsirah | Sefirat ha-Omer | Sefirat haOmer Readings | Se'udah haShlishit | Se'udat Leil Shabbat | Se'udat Yom Shabbat | Shabbat | Shabbat haGadol | Shabbat Məvorkhim | Minḥah l'Shabbat | Musaf l'Shabbat | Shabbat Readings | Shaḥarit l'Shabbat ul'Yom Tov | Shabbat Siddurim | Social Justice, Peace, and Liberty | Shavuot | Shavuot Readings | Shemini Atseret (and Simḥat Torah) | Rosh Ḥodesh Shəvat (שְׁבָט) | Shir haShirim (the Song of Songs, Canticles) | Shirat ha-Yam | Shiv'ah Asar b'Tamuz | Shiv'ah b'Adar | Shiv'ah b'Adar Readings | Sigd Festival | Rosh Ḥodesh Sivan (סִיוָן) | Dangerous Storms & Floods | Torah Study | Sukkot | Ta'anit Esther | 🤦︎ Taḥanun (Nefilat Apayim) | Taking a life | Rosh Ḥodesh Tammuz (תַּמּוּז) | Terror | Rosh Ḥodesh Tevet (טֵבֵת) | Theurgy | Tiqqunei Zohar | Tishah b'Av | Rosh Ḥodesh Tishrei (תִּשְׁרֵי) | Travel | Tu biShvat Readings | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 🇺🇸 United States of America | Vayivarekh David | War | Engagements & Weddings | Wednesday | Well-being, health, and caregiving | the Wet Season (Fall & Winter) | Labor, Fulfillment, and Parnasah | Yaḥats | Yehi Kh’vod | Yishtabaḥ Shimkha | 🇮🇱 Yom ha-Ém (30 Shəvat) | 🇮🇱 Yom haShoah (27 Nisan) | 🇮🇱 Yom haZikaron | Yom Kippur | Yom Meturgeman | Yom Niqanor Readings | Yotser Or | 7th Day of Pesaḥ | Khaf Sivan | Yom haQeshet (Day of the Rainbow, 27 Iyyar) | Psalms 146 | Psalms 147 | Psalms 148 | Psalms 149 | Psalms 150

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a red ribbon | ABAB rhyming scheme | Abayudaya Jews | abbreviated alternative formulas | ABCB rhyming scheme | abduction | אברא כדברא abra k'davra | acrostic | Acrostic signature | phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation | addenda | אדיר במלוכה Adir Bimlukhah | אדיר הוא Adir Hu | אדון הסליחות Adon haSeliḥot | אדון עולם Adon Olam | אהבה רבה ahavah rabbah | אהבת עולם ahavat olam | air | air travel | Akkadian | על הנסים al hanissim | על הראשונים al harishonim | על כן נקוה al ken n'qaveh | על נהרות בבל Al naharot Bavel | אל תירא al tira | Alef b'Elul | עלינו Aleinu | Aleph-Bet | Algiers | Alphabetic Acrostic | alphabetic mesostic | alternate timeline | American Jewry of the United States | עמידה amidah | Amoraic prayers | amulet bowls | קמעות qame'ot (amulets) | אנא בכח Ana b'Khoaḥ | political and religious anarchism | anatomical | עננו anenu | Angelic Nature | Angelic Protection | angelology | Angels | Angels as advocates | Angels of Healing | animal protection | animal welfare | animals | anti-feminist | anti-karaite | anti-predatory | anti-soporific | Antiquity | anxiety | apocryphal psalms | apotropaic prayers of protection | apotropaic rituals of protection | apprehension | Aquarius | Arabic translation | Aramaic | Aramaic translation | Arba Kehillot | Areinfirenish | Aries | ascent | ascetic practice | אשמנו Ashamnu | Asher | Ashkenaz | Ashmodai | אשרי Ashrei | Asiatic Cholera | Asiyah | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Suret) | Astrological | Atah Hu | atonement | authority vs. integrity | Avignon | Avot and Imahot | Avraham Avinu | אין אדיר Ayn Adir | אז ישיר Az Yashir | ba'alei ḥayyim | Babylonian | Baghdad | balance | במה מדליקין bameh madliqin | בקשות Baqashot | Bar Kochba Rebellion | Baraqon | Barkhi Nafshi | barley | ברוך שאמר barukh she'amar | Before Sleep | בהמות behemot | Bendigamos | Bene Israel | בענטשן bentshn | Beta Esrael | bigotry | bikkurim | Bilhah | Binginot | Binyamin | birds | ברכת גאל ישראל birkat ga'al yisrael | ברכת הבית birkat habayit | ברכת המזון birkat hamazon | ברכות השחר birkhot hashaḥar | bitul neshama | blessings | blessings following the shema | blessings prior to the shema | Body as Cosmos | ברכות brakhot | Bratislava | Break Fasts | breastfeeding | Breath | breathing | ברית brit | brit milah | British Commonwealth | British Empire | British Jewry | British Monarchy | Bukharan Jewry | Bukhori | burial service | Byzantine Empire | Byzantium | Cairo Geniza | calendar announcements | call to prayer | candle lighting | cantillated liturgy | Capricorn | captive animals | captives | Carpentras | cemetery prayers | centos | challenge | Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte | child mortality | childbirth | childhood illness | childlessness | children | Children of Avraham | children's education | Chinese translation | Chronicles | circle drawing | circumcision | Classical Antiquity | Classical Reform | Closing Prayers | cold iron | Colonialism | colonization | combating anti-Jewish oppression | commencement | communal confession | conception | confession | Constitutional Monarchy | constructed languages | Coronation | cosmogony | cosmological | cosmology | counting | counting songs | creation | creeping creatures | Crimean Tatar | Crown | Crowning | Curaçao | cyclical | Daily Hallel | dairy foods | דיינו Daiyenu | dancing | danger | Daniel | Darija | Dawn | Decalogue | dedications and consecrations | derivative work | deuterocanonical works | devotional interpretation | diaspora | diplomacy | Distress | Divine name acrostic | Divrei Hayamim | Djerba | domesticated animals | dominion | dragons | dreams | Droit du seigneur | drought conditions | Dutch Jewry | Early Ammoraic | early first-millennium CE | early Judaism | Early Medieval | Early Middle Ages | Early Religious Zionist | earth pledges | eating animals | eco-conscious | eco-feminism | ecoḥasid | economic distress | education | egalitarian | Egyptian | Egyptian Jewry | אחד מי יודע eḥad mi yode'a | אין כאלהינו Ein kEloheinu | אל אדון el adon | אל מלא רחמים El Malé Raḥamim | אל שמר El Shemor | אלי ציון Eli Tsiyon | אליהו הנביא Eliyahu haNavi | אלהי נשמה Elohai neshamah | אלהינו שבשמים Elohenu Shebashamayim | Emancipation | אמת ויציב emet v'yatsiv | England | English piyyutim | English poetry | English Romanticism | English Translation | English vernacular prayer | entering | entering magical territory | entification | epical narrative as ward | Epidemic | epithalamion | epizootic contagion | ארץ ישראל Erets Yisrael | eros | eschaton | אשת חיל eshet ḥayil | esoteric Judaism | Esperanto translation | Ethiopian Jewry | Ethiopic translation | evening | עין הרע predatory gaze (ill will/evil eye) | expiation | עזרת אבותנו ezrat avotenu | fasting | fertility | fire | First Crusade | first experiences | First French Empire | first fruits | first person | First Temple Period | Five Megillot | flash floods | Floods | flying | food | Four Questions | four worlds | הקפה ד׳ fourth haḳafah | Frankfurt am Main | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | free translation | French Empire | French Jewry | Friday | fundamental principles of rabbinic judaism | Fürth | Fustat | Game of Thrones | Gemini | gender expression | gender roles | geonic period | Geonic prayers | German Empire | German Jewry | German Reform Movement | German translation | German vernacular prayer | גשם geshem | גלגול נפשות gilgul nefashot | Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) | Gothic translation | graduation | Grand Sanhedrin | Gratitude | Great Britain | Grief | growing | growth | Guaraní translation | gut vokh | חבּ״ד ḤaBaD Lubavitch | חבקוק Ḥabaquq | חד גדיא Ḥad Gadya | האל בתעצימות ha-El b'taatsumōt | חג הבנות Ḥag HaBanot | haggadah supplements | ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah | hair | hair-cutting | Haketía | הכל יודוך hakol yodukha | הללו־יה hallelu-yah | Haman | הנותן תשועה haNotén Teshuah | harvest loss | השכיבנו hashkivenu | חסידי אשכנז Ḥasidei Ashkenaz | Ḥasidic | חסידים ḥassidim | חתימות ḥatimot (concluding prayers) | חצי קדיש ḥatsi ḳaddish | היום תאמצנו Hayom T'amtsenu | ḥayot | hazon et hakol | חזנות ḥazzanut | Healing | Hebrew translation | heikhalot literature | Hekhalot | Hermes Trismegistus | heroic women | High-Elven | High Middle Ages | Himyar | הנני hineni | historiola | Holy Roman Empire | Homo Signorum | human stampedes and crowd crushes | hymns | hymns of creation | iconoclastic | צה״ל IDF | immersion | in the merit of martyrs | in the merit of Matatiyah | In the merit of Miriam | In the merit of Moshe Rabbeinu | in the merit of our ancestors | in the merit of Raḥel | in the merit of Yitsḥaq | in the merit of Yosef | incantation | Indigenous Peoples | infants | עינוי Innui (self-affliction) | interpretive translation | invisible sun | Irish vernacular | Irish War of Independence | iron in folklore | Israel | Italian Jewry | Italian translation | Italian vernacular prayer | Italian War of Independence | Izmir | ירושלם Jerusalem | Jewish Antiquities | Jewish burial | Jewish-Christian relations | Jewish Renewal | Jewish Women's Prayers | Jews of India | Judaean Desert Scrolls | Judeo-Arabic | Judeo-Berber | Judeo-Georgian | Judeo-Greek | Judeo-Provençal | Judeo-Spanish | Judeo-Tajik | Judeo-Tamaziɣt | Judeo-Tunisian | Judezmo | judgement | Judith | Ḳ.Ḳ. Shearith Israel | קבלת שבת kabbalat shabbat | קדיש ḳaddish | קדיש דרבנן Ḳaddish D'Rabanan | קדיש שלם Ḳaddish shalem | קדיש יתום Mourner's Ḳaddish | Kaifeng | קלנדס Ḳalends | קמעות ḳame'ot | כפרות kaparot | Kavkazi Jewry | כבוד kavod | כוונות kavvanot | קרובות ḳerovot | Keter | kheyder | קידוש ḳiddush | kindling | King Charles Ⅲ | Kohelet | kol nidrei | Krymchak | Kurdish Jewry | Kurdistan | L.L. Zamenhoff | labor exploitation | labyrinth | Ladino Translation | Ladino vernacular prayer | למנציח Lamnatse'aḥ | lamp lighting | Late Antiquity | Late Bronze Age | Late Tannaitic | Latin translation | Latin vernacular | Leah | leket psukim | Leopold I | liberation | Life of David HaMelekh | lip service | Liturgical customs of Kabbalists | Livorno | למענך l'maankha | local communal deliverance commemorations | logos | L'Olam Yehei Adam | lonely man of faith | love | love your fellow as yourself | אהבת ישראל loving Yisrael | לוח lu'aḥ | Luganda translation | Lurianic Kabbalah | מערבות maaravot | מעריב ערבים ma'ariv aravim | Maccabean Revolt | המקבים Maccabees | macranthropy | Mafteah Shlomo | Maghrebi Jewry | Magic | magical recipes | מה נאכל בסעודה הזו mah nokhal baseudah hazo | Man of Signs | Manna | Marathi vernacular prayer | marriage | martyrdom | Masekhet Soferim | Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus | Mazal Aqrav | Mazal Dagim | Mazal D'li | Mazal G'di | MAZAL QESHET | Mazal Shor | Mazal Taleh | Mazal Teomim | medieval megillot | מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael | Megillat Antiokhus | מגילת אסתר Megillat Esther | Megillat Yehudit | Memorial prayers | men | mesostic | Metz | מי שענה Mi She’anah | מי שברך mi sheberakh | microcosm | microcosmism | mid-first millennium CE | Middle-Earth | Middle Egyptian | Midrash HaGadol | military | Minhag Aleppo Musta'arabi | מנחה Minḥah | Miriam | Miriam's well | מזמור Mizmor | Monday | Mordekhai | Morocco | Mosheh Rabbenu | משיח Moshiaḥ | mourning | Mourning this Broken World | Musaf Rosh Hashanah | Musaf Yom Kippur | music making | mysterious fish | mythical feasts | mytho-historical chronicles | naḥshon ben aminadav | Naphtali | Napoleon Bonaparte | national anthems | Na'vi translation | Needing Translation (into Arabic) | Needing Attribution | Needing citation references | Needing Translation (into English) | Needing Source Images | Needing Proofreading | Needing Transcription | Needing Vocalization | Neḥemyah | ne'ila | נעילה‎ neilah | Neo-Aramaic | neo-lurianic | נר תמיד ner tamid | neshamah | Netherlandish Jewry | Netherlands | new moon | New York | night | נרצה Nirtsah | נשמת כל חי Nishmat kol ḥai | nisuin | נח Noaḥ | Noaḥide covenant | non-dual theology | North America | North American Conference on Ethiopian Jewry | North American Jewry | Nusaḥ Anglia | Nusaḥ Ashkenaz | nusaḥ baladi | Nusaḥ Cochin | Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin | Nusaḥ Erets Yisrael | Nusaḥ Farsi | Nusaḥ Ha-Ari z"l | Nusaḥ Italḳi | Nusaḥ Roma | Nusaḥ Romaniote | Nusaḥ Sefaradi | Nusaḥ Šingli | Nusaḥ TsaHaL | ocean | ohev amo | Oḥilah la'El | Old English translation | Old Norse translation | Oliver Cromwell | Opening Prayers | oral torah | origin stories | otiyot | Ottoman Egypt | Ottoman Empire | Pandemic | Papiamentu translation | parabiblical aggadah | Paraguay | paraliturgical | paraliturgical birkat haḥodesh | paraliturgical birkat hamazon | paraliturgical hanoten teshuah | paraliturgical hashkivenu | Paraliturgical Prayer for the New Month | paraliturgical teḥinot | parenting | parody | particularism and universalism | פתח אליהו Pataḥ Eliyahu | peace | Pedagogical songs | People's Crusade | performing mitsvot | פסוקי דזמרה pesuqei dezimrah | petiḥah | Openers | Philadelphia | physical labor | פיקוח נפש piqoaḥ nefesh | Pisces | the pitom of the etrog | פיוטים piyyuṭim | פזמונים pizmonim | polemic | Polish vernacular prayer | polyglot | Pope Benedict XIV | Portuguese Jewry | Portuguese translation | post-Temple animal slaughter | Poszony | Prague | שבח praise | Prayer by Proxy | Prayers after meals | תפילות קודם התפילה Prayers before Praying | Prayers before Torah Study | prayers concerning children | prayers following pogroms | Prayers on behalf of children | Prayers for leaders | prayers for mothers | Prayers for Precipitation | prayers for pregnant women | prayers for the road | prayers for the way | Prayers in Film | Prayers in the Babylonian Talmud | Prayers of Freemasons | prayers of orphans | Prayers of Primary Caregivers | prayers of ḳabbalists | Prayers of redress | prayers of the shaliaḥ tsibbur | pre-Pesaḥ | pre-rabbinic judaism | predation | predatory gaze | pregnancy | preparation | Pressburg | Private Amidah | Private Prayer | Problematic prayers | prophetic revelation | prophylactic | prostration | protection | Psalm of the Day | תהלים Psalms | Psalmsploitation | Psukei Dezimra | Public Amidah | קבלה ḳabbalah | קדושה Qedushah | קפיצת הדרך ḳfitsat haderekh | קינות Ḳinōt | Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ | Queen Esther | Queen Victoria | Queens | Quenya translation | Raḥav | רחל Raḥel | Rain | Rainbow Day | rainfall | rebuke | reconstructed text | געולה ge'ulah (redemption) | redemptive almsgiving | Reform Jewry | reincarnation | religious school | remixed biblical verse | הוצאת ספר תורה Removal of the Torah from the Ark | Renewal | רשות reshut | resistance | REUVEN | Rhineland Massacres | rhyming translation | רבון העולמים Ribon haOlamim | ritual power | ritual purity | role models | Roman minhag | Romaniote | romanticism | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | Russian Empire | Ruth | Sabaic translation | salvation | סנדלפון Sandalfon | Without a Minyan | סטרנורא Saturnalia | school | school of the ARI z"l | Scorpio | second Purims | Second Reich | Second Temple Period | ספר הפליאה Sefer haPeliah | ספר הקנה Sefer haQanah | ספר יצירה Sefer Yetsirah | ספירת העומר sefirat haomer | ספירות sefirot | סגולות segulot | Seleucid Greek Occupation | self-discipline | self-sacrifice | סליחות səliḥot | sexual predation | sexual violence | שבת shabbat | שבת הגדול Shabbat haGadol | שבת מבורכים shabbat mevorkhim | שבת נחמו Shabbat Naḥamu | פרשת תרומה parashat Terumah | פרשת תולדת parashat Toldot | שבת שקלים Shabbat Sh'qalim | שבת שירה shabbat shirah | shalmah | שלום עליכם shalom aleikhem | shamanic praxis | שבועות Shavuot | שכינה Shekhinah | שמע shemaŋ | שבע ברכות sheva brakhot | Shevet Issachar | Shevet Yehudah | שדים sheydim | שיר Shir | שיר הכבוד shir hakavod | שיר היחוד Shir haYiḥud | שיר של יום Shir Shel Yom | שירת הים Shirat haYam | שוכן עד shokhen ad | singing translation | sleep | socialism | Solo | Song of Ice and Fire | Song of the Sea | soporifics | South Carolina | Spanish-Portuguese | Spanish Translation | speech acts | spirituals | Spring | stars | stimulant | Sunday | Synagogues | Tabernacle | תחנונים taḥanunim | טהרה taharah | טל tal | talmud torah | Tannaitic | Tannaitic prayers | תרגום targum | תשלומים tashlumim | Taurus | תענו ותעתרו Tayanu v'tayatru | תפילת הדרך tefilat haderekh | תפלין tefillin | תחינות teḥinot | thankfulness | thanksgiving | the first month | the Furnace | the higher the fewer | the Holocaust | THE HUNTER | the KA | המשכן the Mishkan | המזבח the Mizbe'aḥ | the moon | the Netherlands | the Pit | the Rainbow | the second month | השואה the Shoah | the Throne | theophany | Third Reich | Thursday | tithing | תחינות tkhines | Tobit | תוכחות tokheḥot | tombstones | Torah as intercessor | traditional egalitarian | trave | travel by water | traveler | Trees | trepidation | Tribe of Dan | צער באלי חיים tsa'ar baalei ḥayyim | Tsar Alexander II | Tsar Nicholas II | צדקה tsedaqah | צור משלו Tsur Mishelo | Tuesday | Tunisia | Twins | Uganda | Ugaritic translation | ונתנה תקף unetaneh toqef | United States | Universal Peace | universalist | universalist prayers | Uriel | אושפיזתא Ushpizata | אושפיזין ushpizin | ובמקהלות uvMaqhalot | Valyrian translation | ויברך דויד Vayivarekh David | vengeance | via negativa | וידוי vidui | וידוים viduyim | Vilna | waking | walled cities | watchfulness | weaning | wedding blessings | Wednesday | Western Aramaic | Western Sepharadim | wheat | Wheel | Wine | winter | women | World War Ⅰ | World War Ⅱ | Wreath | wrestling | Yehi Kavod | Yemenite Jewry | Yeshayahu | Yevanic | Yiddish songs | Yiddish translation | Yiddish vernacular prayer | יחוד yiḥud | ישתבח Yishtabaḥ | ישראל Yisrael | יצחק Yitsḥaq | יזכור yizkor | Yokheved | Yom Kippur | יוצר אור yotser ohr | יובל Yovel Jubilee | זמירות zemirot | Zevulun | Zilpah | זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah | Zoharic prayers | Psalms 1 | King George Ⅱ | Psalms 2 | King William Ⅳ | Psalms 10 | 17 Shəvat | 28 Adar | 42 letter divine name | Psalms 67 | Psalms 92 | Psalms 93 | Psalms 94 | Psalms 95 | Psalms 96 | Psalms 97 | Psalms 98 | Psalms 99 | 100 blessings a day | paraliturgical psalms 100 | Psalms 100 | Psalms 104 | Psalms 107 | Psalms 111 | Psalms 112 | Psalms 122 | Psalms 126 | Psalms 145 | Psalms 146 | Psalms 147 | Psalms 148 | Psalms 149 | Psalms 150 | Psalms 151 | Chmielnicki massacres of 1648–1649 | Revolutions of 1917–1923 | Pogroms in Ukraine 1918-1924 | 2023-2024 Israel–Hamas war | 2nd century B.C.E. | 2nd century C.E. | 3rd century C.E. | 5th century C.E. | 7th century C.E. | 8th century C.E. | 9th century C.E. | 11th century C.E. | 12th century C.E. | 13th century C.E. | 14th century C.E. | 15th century C.E. | 16th century C.E. | 17th century C.E. | 18th century C.E. | 19th century C.E. | 20th century C.E. | 21st century C.E. | 24th century C.E. | 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תְּפִלָה לְאִשָׁה לְאָמְרָהּ לִפְנֵי שֶׁמְגַלַּחַת אֶת שַׁעֲרוֹת רֹאשָׁהּ | Prayer for a woman to say before her hair is shorn

Contributed by Yahnatan Lasko (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A supplication of a woman cutting her hair as an act of tsanua, per a contemporary custom in many Ḥaredi communities. . . .


תְּחִינָה װען עס ברעכט אױס אַ מַגֵפָה | A Tkhine When an Epidemic Breaks Out (1916)

Contributed by Meena-Lifshe Viswanath (translation) | Zach Golden (translation) | Noam Lerman (translation) | Der Tekhines Proyekt | Unknown |

A tkhine in the event of an epidemic. . . .


תְּחִנָה קַבָּלַת עוֺל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם | Tkhine [for Women] Receiving the Yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven (1916)

Contributed by Refoyl Finkl (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The author of this tkhine intended for women to begin their morning devotional reading of prayers by first accepting patriarchal dominion. Women compensate for their inherent weakness and gain their honor only through the established gender roles assigned to them. The placement of this tkhine at the beginning of the Shas Tkhine Rav Peninim, a popular collection of women’s tkhines published in 1916 (during the ascent of women’s suffrage in the U.S.), suggests that it was written as a prescriptive polemic to influence pious Jewish women to reject advancing feminist ideas. . . .


דיא װײבּער װאס האבּין אײן שׁװערין מזל צו קינדר זאלין דיא תחנה זאגין | Women who Have Bad Luck with Children Should Recite this Tkhine (1910)

Contributed by Baruch Jean Thaler (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Women who Have Bad Luck with Children Should Recite this Tkhine” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Rokhel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. If you can translate Yiddish, please help to translate it and share your translation with an Open Content license through this project. . . .


תחנה פון אײן שװאנגער אשה זאל ניט מפיל זיין | Tkhine for a Pregnant Woman that She Not Miscarry (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman that she not suffer a miscarriage. . . .


תחנה פאר אײן אִשָׁה װאָס דארף האָבּין אײַן קינד | Tkhine for a Woman who is about to Have a Child (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman whose childbirth is immanent. . . .


א תחנה פאר א אשה מעוברת אז זיא גײט צו קינד | Tkhine for a Pregnant Woman when She is about to Give Birth (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman approaching her childbirth. . . .


תחנה פאר אמוטער װאס פירט אקינד אין חדר | Tkhine for a Mother Leading their Child to Religious School (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tkine for a Mother Who Leads Her Child to Kheyder” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Raḥel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. Please offer a translation of this tkhine in the comments. . . .


א תחנה פאר א מוטער װאס פירט איהר קינד דעם ערשׁטען מאל אין חדר | Tkhine for a Mother Who Leads their Child for the First Time to Religious School (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tkine for a Mother Who Leads Her Child to Kheyder” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Raḥel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. Please offer a translation of this tkhine in the comments. . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ נִיסָן | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Nisan (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The paraliturgical tkhine for the new month of Nissan read on the shabbat preceding the new moon during the blessing over new month. . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ אִיָּר | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Iyyar (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ אִיָיר (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Iyyar”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ סִיוָן | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Sivan (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ סִיוָן (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Sivan”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877) before its adaptation in Shas Tkhine Ḥadashe (Ben-Tsiyon Alfes 1910), the source from which this translation was made. English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ מְנַחֵם אָב | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Menaḥem Av (1877 and 1910)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ מְנַחֵם אָב (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Menaḥem Av”) as printed in Shas Tkhine Ḥodoshe (1910) and תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow & Brothers Romm, Vilna 1872/3, 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). Using Shas Tkhine Ḥodoshe as her source, Moreh Zakutinsky probably had not seen the additional paragraph in the earlier printing. –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ אֶלוּל | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ אֶלוּל (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Elul”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מִבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ מַרְחֶשְׁוָן | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Marḥeshvan (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ מַרְחֶשְׁוָן (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Marḥeshvan”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Kislev (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Kislev”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ טֵבֵת | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Tevet (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ טֵבֵת (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Tevet”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ שְׁבָט | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Shvat (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ שְׁבָט (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Shvat”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ אַדָר רִאשׁוֹן | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Adar א on Leap Years (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ אַדָר רִאשׁוֹן (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Adar I”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ אַדָר | Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Adar ב and Adar on regular non-leap years (1877)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

To the best of my ability, this is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָה לְשַׁבָּת מְבָרְכִים רֹאשׁ חוֺדֶשׁ אַדָר (“Tkhine for Shabbat Mevorkhim Rosh Ḥodesh Adar [II]”) which appeared in תחנות מקרא קודש (Teḥinot Miqra Qodesh, Widow and Brothers Romm, Vilna 1877). English translation adapted slightly from Techinas: A Voice from the Heart “As Only A Woman Can Pray” by Rivka Zakutinsky (Aura Press, 1992). –A.N. Varady . . .


תְּחִנָה זאָגט מען װען מען בּײַסט אָפּ דעם פִּטוּם פוּן דעם אֶתְרוֹג | Tkhine for when biting the pitom from the etrog (Siddur Ḳorban Minḥah, 1861)

Contributed by Emily Kesselman (art & transcription) | Baruch Jean Thaler (translation) | Unknown |

A tkhine for when biting the pitom from the etrog . . .


תְּחִינָה לִשָּׁבוּעוֺת נאָך ליכט צינדן | Tkhine upon Candlelighting at the Onset of Shavuot

Contributed by Unknown | Jonah S. Boyarin (translation) | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This tekhina (supplication) upon candlelighting for Shavuot in Hebrew and Yiddish appears in the Maḥzor for Shavuot Rav Peninim (Vilna 1911) although we are uncertain whether it first appeared here. We welcome your help in correctly attributing and translating it. . . .


תחנה אױף קינדער האבין (פאר א אִשָׁה װאָס האָט ניט קײַן קינדער)‏ | Tkhine for Having Children for a Woman who Has No Children (ca. 1840)

Contributed by Norman Tarnor (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a childless woman seeking to conception. . . .


תחינה פאר א אִשָּׁה פאר דעד חוּפָּה פון איר זון ארער איר טאָכטער | Tkhine for a mother to say before the wedding of her daughter (19th c.)

Contributed by Mendel Spalter (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A tkhine (supplication) for a mother to say before her daughter’s wedding, transcribed and translated from the Siddur Qorban Minḥah (1897). . . .


תחנה פיר אין כלה פאר דער חופה | Prayer for a Bride before her Wedding (19th c.)

Contributed by Mendel Spalter (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A tkhine (supplication) for a bride to say before their wedding, transcribed and translated from the Siddur Qorban Minḥah (1897). . . .


תפלת הים | Prayer for a Seaship Voyage, or During a Storm at Sea (1837)

Contributed by Isaac Leeser (translation) | David de Aaron de Sola | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for those traveling over water on a sea or ocean voyage. . . .


תְּחִנָה פון רֹאשׁ חוֹדֶשׁ בענטשן | Tkhine for the Rosh Ḥodesh Blessing, by an unknown author

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The teḥinah for the blessing of the new moon is said each Shabbat Mevorkhim, addition to the specific teḥinah for that month. The prayer is recited when the Aron HaKodesh is opened, signifying the opening of the Heavenly gates of mercy (an especially propitious time to pray for health, livelihood, and all good). . . .


A Prayer for a Woman before giving birth, from a Seder Tkhines (ca. 1640-1720)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman anticipating childbirth, from an unidentified volume of the Seder Tkhines (circa 1640-1720). . . .


A Delightful Tkhine for a Pregnant Woman to Say (ca. early 17th c.)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer of a pregnant woman anticipating childbirth. . . .


Teḥinah upon tearing off the pitom of the etrog on Hoshana Rabba, from the Tsenah Ur’enah (1622)

Contributed by Unknown | Morris M. Faierstein (translation) | Yaaqov ben Yitsḥaq Ashkenazi |

This is Dr. Morris Faierstein’s transcription and translation of one of the earliest teḥinot from the earliest surviving edition of the Tsenah u-Re’enah (Basel/Hanau 1622) as found in his article “The Earliest Published Yiddish Tehinnot (1590–1609)” in Hebrew Union College Annual, 2020, Vol. 91 (2020). The transcription of the Yiddish sourcetext is found on page 206 and the English translation is found on page 187. The translation is shared under the libre Open Access license (Creative Commons Attribution) provided for the critical translation of the text in Ze’enah U-Re’enah: A Critical Translation into English (Volume 96 in the series Studia Judaica, ed. Morris M. Faierstein; De Gruyter 2017). . . .


A Prayer for a Pregnant Woman to Say when She Wishes for an Easy Labor (ca. early 17th c.)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman anticipating her childbirth. . . .


תפילת הדרך | Tefilat haDerekh, a traveler’s prayer for safety and peace (trans. Rabbi David Seidenberg, neohasid·org)

Contributed by David Seidenberg (translation) | Neohasid·org | Unknown |

In this Tefilat haDerekh (the prayer for travel), I’ve made a synthesis of Ashkenazi and Sefardi nusaḥ. Even though the translation is pretty close to literal in most places, it comes across as an extraordinary and activist prayer for peace. So I think of this prayer not just as a prayer for the beginning a physical journey, but for any spiritual journey, and especially for any campaign or action for justice and peace that a person or group might undertake. When applied to activism, the “enmity and ambush and theft and predation” we ask to be rescued from could also be interpreted as hatred, deceit, jealousy, and aggression, i.e., the kinds of feelings that cause people to work against each other, even within an organization, instead of working together. I first used this version of the prayer at the beginning of a tour of Israel and Palestine focused on the human rights and non-violent resistance, when the group passed through the first checkpoint of the trip. . . .