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Sometimes the best we can do in attributing a historical work is to indicate the period and place it was written, the first prayer book it may have been printed in, or the archival collection in which the manuscript was found. We invite the public to help to attribute all works to their original composers. If you know something not mentioned in the commentary offered, please leave a comment or contact us.

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Rosh Ḥodesh Adar (אַדָר) Alef & Bet | Addenda | Additional Fast Days | Additional Morning Prayers | Additional Preparatory Prayers | After the Aliyot | Minḥah | Aleinu | Weekday Amidah | Aqédat Yitsḥaq | 🌐 Armistice Day (November 11th) | Art & Craft | Arvit l'Shabbat | Asarah b'Tevet Readings | 🇦🇹 Austria | Rosh Ḥodesh Av (אָב) | Morning Baqashot | Barekh | Barkhu | Barukh she’Amar | Barukh Hashem l’Olam | Bedtime Shema | Before the Aliyot | Berakhot she'Asani | Berakhot sheNatani | Birkat Ahavah | Birkat Ahavah for Ma'ariv/Arvit | Birkat Ga'al Yisrael for Shaḥarit | Blessings After Eating | Birkhot haTorah | Birkonim (בענטשערס Bentshers) | Tehilim Book 5 (Psalms 107–150) | Tehilim Book 4 (Psalms 90–106) | Tehilim Book 1 (Psalms 1–41) | Tehilim Book 2 (Psalms 42–72) | Brit Milah & Simḥat Bat | 🇺🇸 National Brotherhood Week | Slavery & Captivity | Child care | Conflicts over Sovereignty and Dispossession | Congregation & Community | Contemplation | Counting Days | Davvening | Divrei Hayamim (Chronicles 1 & 2) | Dreaming | Drought & Wildfire | the Dry Season (Spring & Summer) | Dying | Earth, our Collective Home & Life-Support System | 🌐 Earth Day (22 April) | Elohai Neshamah | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | Epidemics & Pandemics | Erev Shabbat | Esther | Maariv Aravim | Extracanonical Megillot | Preparing one's face | Rosh haShanah la-Melakhim | 🇫🇷 France | Friday | Birkat Ga'al Yisrael for Ma'ariv/Arvit | Pogroms & Genocide | 🇩🇪 Germany | Government & Country | Pesaḥ Yamei Ḥag | Pesaḥ Readings | Ḥag haBanot (Eid el Benat) Readings | Hallel for Festivals & Rosh Ḥodesh | Hallel | Preparing one's hands | Ḥanukkah | Ḥanukkah Readings | Hashkivenu | Hekhalot Writings | 🌐 Holocaust Remembrance Day (January 27th) | Homes & Community Centers | Hoshana Rabba | 🇭🇺 Hungary | Immersion (Purification) | Imminent Communal Danger & Distress | Incantations, Adjurations, & Amulets | Incense and other Offerings | 🌐 International Women's Day (March 8th) | 🌐 International Workers' Day (May 1st) | 🇮🇪 Ireland | 🇮🇹 Italy | Rosh Ḥodesh Iyyar (אִיָּר) | Ḳaddish | Kaparōt | Ḳiddush Levanah | Rosh Ḥodesh Kislev (כִּסְלֵו) | Kristallnacht (9-10 November, 16 Marḥeshvan) | 🇺🇸 Labor Day (1st Monday of September) | Learning, Study, and School | Magid | Mah anu | Man-made Disasters | Rosh Ḥodesh Marḥeshvan (מַרְחֶשְׁוָן) | 🇮🇱 Medinat Yisra'el (the State of Israel) | Meteorological and Astronomical Observations | Midrash Aggadah | Midrash Halakhah | Military Personnel & Veterans | Mishlei (Proverbs) | 🇺🇸 Mother's Day (2nd Sunday of May) | Motsei Shabbat | Mourning | Mussar (Ethical Teachings) | 🇳🇱 the Netherlands | Nirtsah | Rosh Ḥodesh Nisan (נִיסָן) | Nittel Nacht Readings | Parashat b'Shalaḥ | Parashat Yitro | Haggadot for the Seder Leil Pesaḥ | Personal & Paraliturgical collections of prayers | Pesaḥ | 7th Day of Pesaḥ | Phonaesthetics | 🇵🇹 Portugal | Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth | Psalm of the Day | Psalms 146 | Psalms 147 | Psalms 148 | Psalms 149 | Psalms 150 | Psuqei d'Zimrah/Zemirot l'Shabbat ul'Yom Tov | Purim | Purim Readings | Purim Sheni Readings | Ḳabbalat Shabbat | Ḳadesh | Qedushah | Qorbanot | 🇺🇸 Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust | Repenting, Resetting, and Reconciliation | Rosh haShanah (l’Maaseh Bereshit) | Rosh haShanah la-Behemah | Rosh haShanah la-Behemah Readings | Tu biShvat Readings | Rosh haShanah Readings | Rosh Ḥodesh | Rosh Ḥodesh Readings | 🇷🇺 Russia | Saturday | Second Temple Period | Seder al-Tawḥid | Seder intro | Sefer Yetsirah | Sefirat ha-Omer | Sefirat ha-Omer Readings | Se'udah haShlishit | Se'udat Leil Shabbat | Se'udat Yom Shabbat | Shabbat | Shabbat haGadol | Shabbat Məvorkhim | Minḥah l'Shabbat | Musaf l'Shabbat | Shabbat Readings | Shaḥarit l'Shabbat ul'Yom Tov | Shabbat Siddurim | Social Justice, Peace, and Liberty | Shavuot | Shavuot Readings | Shemini Atseret | Rosh Ḥodesh Shəvat (שְׁבָט) | Shir haShirim (the Song of Songs, Canticles) | Shirat ha-Yam | Shiv'ah Asar b'Tamuz | Shiv'ah b'Adar | Shiv'ah b'Adar Readings | Sigd Festival | Simḥat Torah | Rosh Ḥodesh Sivan (סִיוָן) | Khaf Sivan | Dangerous Storms & Floods | Torah Study | Sukkot | Ta'anit Esther | 🤦︎ Taḥanun (Nefilat Apayim) | Taking a life | Rosh Ḥodesh Tammuz (תַּמּוּז) | Terror | Rosh Ḥodesh Tevet (טֵבֵת) | Theurgy | Tiqqunei Zohar | Tishah b'Av | Rosh Ḥodesh Tishrei (תִּשְׁרֵי) | Travel | 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 🇺🇸 United States of America | Vayivarekh David | War | Engagements & Weddings | Wednesday | Well-being, health, and caregiving | the Wet Season (Fall & Winter) | Labor, Fulfillment, and Parnasah | Yaḥats | Yehi Kh’vod | Yishtabaḥ Shimkha | 🇮🇱 Yom ha-Ém (30 Shəvat) | Yom haḲeshet (Day of the Rainbow, 27 Iyyar) | 🇮🇱 Yom haShoah (27 Nisan) | 🇮🇱 Yom haZikaron | Yom Kippur | Yom Meturgeman | Yom Niqanor Readings | Yotser Or

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100 blessings a day | 17 Shəvat | 2023-2024 Israel–Hamas war | 28 Adar | 42 letter divine name | a red ribbon | ABAB rhyming scheme | Abayudaya Jews | abbreviated alternative formulas | ABCB rhyming scheme | abduction | אברא כדברא abra k'davra | acrostic | Acrostic signature | phonetic alphabetic acrostic translation | addenda | אדיר במלוכה Adir Bimlukhah | אדיר הוא Adir Hu | אדון הסליחות Adon haSeliḥot | אדון עולם Adon Olam | אהבה רבה ahavah rabbah | אהבת עולם ahavat olam | air | air travel | Akkadian | על הנסים al hanissim | על הראשונים al harishonim | על כן נקוה al ken n'qaveh | על נהרות בבל Al naharot Bavel | אל תירא al tira | Alef b'Elul | עלינו Aleinu | Aleph-Bet | Algiers | Alphabetic Acrostic | alphabetic mesostic | alternate timeline | American Jewry of the United States | עמידה amidah | Amoraic prayers | amulet bowls | קמעות qame'ot (amulets) | אנא בכח Ana b'Khoaḥ | political and religious anarchism | anatomical | עננו anenu | Angelic Nature | Angelic Protection | angelology | Angels | Angels as advocates | Angels of Healing | animal protection | animal welfare | animals | anti-feminist | anti-karaite | anti-predatory | anti-soporific | Antiquity | anxiety | apocryphal psalms | apotropaic prayers of protection | apotropaic rituals of protection | apprehension | Aquarius | Arabic translation | Aramaic | Aramaic translation | Arba Kehillot | Areinfirenish | Aries | ascent | ascetic practice | אשמנו Ashamnu | Asher | Ashkenaz | Ashmodai | אשרי Ashrei | Asiatic Cholera | Asiyah | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Suret) | Astrological | Atah Hu | atonement | authority vs. integrity | Avignon | Avot and Imahot | Avraham Avinu | אין אדיר Ayn Adir | אז ישיר Az Yashir | ba'alei ḥayyim | Babylonian | Baghdad | balance | במה מדליקין bameh madliqin | בקשות Baqashot | Bar Kochba Rebellion | Baraqon | Barkhi Nafshi | barley | ברוך שאמר barukh she'amar | Before Sleep | בהמות behemot | Bendigamos | Bene Israel | בענטשן bentshn | Beta Esrael | bigotry | bikkurim | Bilhah | Binginot | Binyamin | birds | ברכת גאל ישראל birkat ga'al yisrael | ברכת הבית birkat habayit | ברכת המזון birkat hamazon | ברכות השחר birkhot hashaḥar | bitul neshama | blessings | blessings following the shema | blessings prior to the shema | Body as Cosmos | ברכות brakhot | Bratislava | Break Fasts | breastfeeding | Breath | breathing | ברית brit | brit milah | British Commonwealth | British Empire | British Jewry | British Monarchy | Bukharan Jewry | Bukhori | burial service | Byzantine Empire | Byzantium | Cairo Geniza | calendar announcements | call to prayer | candle lighting | cantillated liturgy | Capricorn | captive animals | captives | Carpentras | cemetery prayers | centos | challenge | Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte | child mortality | childbirth | childhood illness | childlessness | children | Children of Avraham | children's education | Chinese translation | Chmielnicki massacres of 1648–1649 | Chronicles | circle drawing | circumcision | Classical Antiquity | Classical Reform | Closing Prayers | cold iron | Colonialism | colonization | combating anti-Jewish oppression | commencement | communal confession | conception | confession | Constitutional Monarchy | constructed languages | Coronation | cosmogony | cosmological | cosmology | counting | counting songs | creation | creeping creatures | Crimean Tatar | Crown | Crowning | Curaçao | cyclical | Daily Hallel | dairy foods | דיינו Daiyenu | dancing | danger | Daniel | Darija | Dawn | Decalogue | dedications and consecrations | derivative work | deuterocanonical works | devotional interpretation | diaspora | diplomacy | Distress | Divine name acrostic | Divrei Hayamim | Djerba | domesticated animals | dominion | dragons | dreams | Droit du seigneur | drought conditions | Dutch Jewry | Early Ammoraic | early first-millennium CE | early Judaism | Early Medieval | Early Middle Ages | Early Religious Zionist | earth pledges | eating animals | eco-conscious | eco-feminism | ecoḥasid | economic distress | education | egalitarian | Egyptian | Egyptian Jewry | אחד מי יודע eḥad mi yode'a | אין כאלהינו Ein kEloheinu | אל אדון el adon | אל מלא רחמים El Malé Raḥamim | אל שמר El Shemor | אלי ציון Eli Tsiyon | אליהו הנביא Eliyahu haNavi | אלהי נשמה Elohai neshamah | אלהינו שבשמים Elohenu Shebashamayim | Emancipation | אמת ויציב emet v'yatsiv | England | English piyyutim | English poetry | English Romanticism | English Translation | English vernacular prayer | entering | entering magical territory | entification | epical narrative as ward | Epidemic | epithalamion | epizootic contagion | ארץ ישראל Erets Yisrael | eros | eschaton | אשת חיל eshet ḥayil | esoteric Judaism | Esperanto translation | Ethiopian Jewry | Ethiopic translation | evening | עין הרע predatory gaze (ill will/evil eye) | expiation | עזרת אבותנו ezrat avotenu | fasting | fertility | fire | First Crusade | first experiences | First French Empire | first fruits | first person | First Temple Period | Five Megillot | flash floods | Floods | flying | food | Four Questions | four worlds | הקפה ד׳ fourth haḳafah | Frankfurt am Main | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | free translation | French Empire | French Jewry | Friday | Full Hallel | fundamental principles of rabbinic judaism | Fürth | Fustat | Game of Thrones | Gemini | gender expression | gender roles | geonic period | Geonic prayers | German Empire | German Jewry | German Reform Movement | German translation | German vernacular prayer | גשם geshem | גלגול נפשות gilgul nefashot | Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) | Gothic translation | graduation | Grand Sanhedrin | Gratitude | Great Britain | Grief | growing | growth | Guaraní translation | gut vokh | חבּ״ד ḤaBaD Lubavitch | חבקוק Ḥabaquq | חד גדיא Ḥad Gadya | האל בתעצימות ha-El b'taatsumōt | חג הבנות Ḥag HaBanot | haggadah supplements | ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah | hair | hair-cutting | Haketía | הכל יודוך hakol yodukha | Hallelu | הללו־יה hallelu-yah | Haman | הנותן תשועה haNotén Teshuah | harvest loss | השכיבנו hashkivenu | חסידי אשכנז Ḥasidei Ashkenaz | Ḥasidic | חסידים ḥassidim | חתימות ḥatimot (concluding prayers) | חצי קדיש ḥatsi ḳaddish | היום תאמצנו Hayom T'amtsenu | ḥayot | hazon et hakol | חזנות ḥazzanut | Healing | Hebrew translation | heikhalot literature | Hekhalot | Hermes Trismegistus | heroic women | High-Elven | High Middle Ages | Himyar | הנני hineni | historiola | Holy Roman Empire | Homo Signorum | human stampedes and crowd crushes | hymns | hymns of creation | iconoclastic | צה״ל IDF | immersion | in the merit of martyrs | in the merit of Matatiyah | In the merit of Miriam | In the merit of Moshe Rabbeinu | in the merit of our ancestors | in the merit of Raḥel | in the merit of Yitsḥaq | in the merit of Yosef | incantation | Indigenous Peoples | infants | עינוי Innui (self-affliction) | interpretive translation | invisible sun | Irish vernacular | Irish War of Independence | iron in folklore | Israel | Italian Jewry | Italian translation | Italian vernacular prayer | Italian War of Independence | Izmir | ירושלם Jerusalem | Jewish Antiquities | Jewish burial | Jewish-Christian relations | Jewish Renewal | Jewish Women's Prayers | Jews of India | Judaean Desert Scrolls | Judeo-Arabic | Judeo-Berber | Judeo-Georgian | Judeo-Greek | Judeo-Provençal | Judeo-Spanish | Judeo-Tajik | Judeo-Tamaziɣt | Judeo-Tunisian | Judezmo | judgement | Judith | Ḳ.Ḳ. Shearith Israel | קבלת שבת kabbalat shabbat | קדיש ḳaddish | קדיש דרבנן Ḳaddish D'Rabanan | קדיש שלם Ḳaddish shalem | קדיש יתום Mourner's Ḳaddish | Kaifeng | קלנדס Ḳalends | קמעות ḳame'ot | כפרות kaparot | Kavkazi Jewry | כבוד kavod | כוונות kavvanot | קרובות ḳerovot | Keter | kheyder | קידוש ḳiddush | kindling | King Charles Ⅲ | King George Ⅱ | King William Ⅳ | Kohelet | kol nidrei | Krymchak | Kurdish Jewry | Kurdistan | L.L. Zamenhoff | labor exploitation | labyrinth | Ladino Translation | Ladino vernacular prayer | למנציח Lamnatse'aḥ | lamp lighting | Late Antiquity | Late Bronze Age | Late Tannaitic | Latin translation | Latin vernacular | Leah | leket psukim | Leopold I | liberation | Life of David HaMelekh | lip service | Liturgical customs of Kabbalists | Livorno | למענך l'maankha | local communal deliverance commemorations | logos | L'Olam Yehei Adam | lonely man of faith | love | love your fellow as yourself | אהבת ישראל loving Yisrael | לוח lu'aḥ | Luganda translation | Lurianic Kabbalah | מערבות maaravot | מעריב ערבים ma'ariv aravim | Maccabean Revolt | המקבים Maccabees | macranthropy | Mafteah Shlomo | Maghrebi Jewry | Magic | magical recipes | מה נאכל בסעודה הזו mah nokhal baseudah hazo | Man of Signs | Manna | Marathi vernacular prayer | marriage | martyrdom | Masekhet Soferim | Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus | Mazal Aqrav | Mazal Dagim | Mazal D'li | Mazal G'di | MAZAL QESHET | Mazal Shor | Mazal Taleh | Mazal Teomim | medieval megillot | מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael | Megillat Antiokhus | מגילת אסתר Megillat Esther | Megillat Yehudit | Memorial prayers | men | mesostic | Metz | מי שענה Mi She’anah | מי שברך mi sheberakh | microcosm | microcosmism | mid-first millennium CE | Middle-Earth | Middle Egyptian | Midrash HaGadol | military | Minhag Aleppo Musta'arabi | מנחה Minḥah | Miriam | Miriam's well | מזמור Mizmor | Monday | Mordekhai | Morocco | Mosheh Rabbenu | משיח Moshiaḥ | mourning | Mourning this Broken World | Musaf Rosh Hashanah | Musaf Yom Kippur | music making | mysterious fish | mythical feasts | mytho-historical chronicles | naḥshon ben aminadav | Naphtali | Napoleon Bonaparte | national anthems | Na'vi translation | Needing Translation (into Arabic) | Needing Attribution | Needing citation references | Needing Translation (into English) | Needing Source Images | Needing Proofreading | Needing Transcription | Needing Vocalization | Neḥemyah | ne'ila | נעילה‎ neilah | Neo-Aramaic | neo-lurianic | נר תמיד ner tamid | neshamah | Netherlandish Jewry | Netherlands | new moon | New York | night | נרצה Nirtsah | נשמת כל חי Nishmat kol ḥai | nisuin | נח Noaḥ | Noaḥide covenant | non-dual theology | North America | North American Conference on Ethiopian Jewry | North American Jewry | Nusaḥ Anglia | Nusaḥ Ashkenaz | nusaḥ baladi | Nusaḥ Cochin | Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin | Nusaḥ Erets Yisrael | Nusaḥ Farsi | Nusaḥ Ha-Ari z"l | Nusaḥ Italḳi | Nusaḥ Roma | Nusaḥ Romaniote | Nusaḥ Sefaradi | Nusaḥ Šingli | Nusaḥ TsaHaL | ocean | ohev amo | Oḥilah la'El | Old English translation | Old Norse translation | Oliver Cromwell | Opening Prayers | oral torah | origin stories | otiyot | Ottoman Egypt | Ottoman Empire | Pandemic | Papiamentu translation | parabiblical aggadah | Paraguay | paraliturgical | paraliturgical birkat haḥodesh | paraliturgical birkat hamazon | paraliturgical hanoten teshuah | paraliturgical hashkivenu | Paraliturgical Prayer for the New Month | paraliturgical psalms 100 | paraliturgical teḥinot | parenting | parody | Partial Hallel | particularism and universalism | פתח אליהו Pataḥ Eliyahu | peace | Pedagogical songs | People's Crusade | performing mitsvot | פסוקי דזמרה pesuqei dezimrah | petiḥah | Openers | Philadelphia | physical labor | פיקוח נפש piqoaḥ nefesh | Pisces | the pitom of the etrog | פיוטים piyyuṭim | פזמונים pizmonim | Pogroms in Ukraine 1918-1924 | polemic | Polish vernacular prayer | polyglot | Pope Benedict XIV | Portuguese Jewry | Portuguese translation | post-Temple animal slaughter | Poszony | Prague | שבח praise | Prayer by Proxy | Prayers after meals | תפילות קודם התפילה Prayers before Praying | Prayers before Torah Study | prayers concerning children | prayers following pogroms | Prayers on behalf of children | Prayers for leaders | prayers for mothers | Prayers for Precipitation | prayers for pregnant women | prayers for the road | prayers for the way | Prayers in Film | Prayers in the Babylonian Talmud | Prayers of Freemasons | prayers of orphans | Prayers of Primary Caregivers | prayers of ḳabbalists | Prayers of redress | prayers of the shaliaḥ tsibbur | pre-Pesaḥ | pre-rabbinic judaism | predation | predatory gaze | pregnancy | preparation | Pressburg | Private Amidah | Private Prayer | Problematic prayers | prophetic revelation | prophylactic | prostration | protection | Psalm of the Day | תהלים Psalms | Psalms 1 | Psalms 10 | Psalms 100 | Psalms 104 | Psalms 107 | Psalms 111 | Psalms 112 | Psalms 122 | Psalms 126 | Psalms 145 | Psalms 146 | Psalms 147 | Psalms 148 | Psalms 149 | Psalms 150 | Psalms 151 | Psalms 2 | Psalms 67 | Psalms 92 | Psalms 93 | Psalms 94 | Psalms 95 | Psalms 96 | Psalms 97 | Psalms 98 | Psalms 99 | Psalmsploitation | Psukei Dezimra | Public Amidah | קבלה ḳabbalah | קדושה Qedushah | קפיצת הדרך ḳfitsat haderekh | קינות Ḳinōt | Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ | Queen Esther | Queen Victoria | Queens | Quenya translation | Raḥav | רחל Raḥel | Rain | Rainbow Day | rainfall | rebuke | reconstructed text | געולה ge'ulah (redemption) | redemptive almsgiving | Reform Jewry | reincarnation | religious school | remixed biblical verse | הוצאת ספר תורה Removal of the Torah from the Ark | Renewal | רשות reshut | resistance | REUVEN | Revolutions of 1917–1923 | Rhineland Massacres | rhyming translation | רבון העולמים Ribon haOlamim | ritual power | ritual purity | role models | Roman minhag | Romaniote | romanticism | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | Russian Empire | Ruth | Sabaic translation | salvation | סנדלפון Sandalfon | Without a Minyan | סטרנורא Saturnalia | school | school of the ARI z"l | Scorpio | second Purims | Second Reich | Second Temple Period | ספר הפליאה Sefer haPeliah | ספר הקנה Sefer haQanah | ספר יצירה Sefer Yetsirah | ספירת העומר sefirat haomer | ספירות sefirot | סגולות segulot | Seleucid Greek Occupation | self-discipline | self-sacrifice | סליחות səliḥot | sexual predation | sexual violence | שבת shabbat | שבת הגדול Shabbat haGadol | שבת מבורכים shabbat mevorkhim | שבת נחמו Shabbat Naḥamu | פרשת תרומה parashat Terumah | פרשת תולדת parashat Toldot | שבת שקלים Shabbat Sh'qalim | שבת שירה shabbat shirah | shalmah | שלום עליכם shalom aleikhem | shamanic praxis | שבועות Shavuot | שכינה Shekhinah | שמע shemaŋ | שבע ברכות sheva brakhot | Shevet Issachar | Shevet Yehudah | שדים sheydim | שיר Shir | שיר הכבוד shir hakavod | שיר היחוד Shir haYiḥud | שיר של יום Shir Shel Yom | שירת הים Shirat haYam | שוכן עד shokhen ad | singing translation | sleep | socialism | Solo | Song of Ice and Fire | Song of the Sea | soporifics | South Carolina | Spanish-Portuguese | Spanish Translation | speech acts | spirituals | Spring | stars | stimulant | Sunday | Synagogues | Tabernacle | תחנונים taḥanunim | טהרה taharah | טל tal | talmud torah | Tannaitic | Tannaitic prayers | תרגום targum | תשלומים tashlumim | Taurus | תענו ותעתרו Tayanu v'tayatru | תפילת הדרך tefilat haderekh | תפלין tefillin | תחינות teḥinot | thankfulness | thanksgiving | the first month | the Furnace | the higher the fewer | the Holocaust | THE HUNTER | the KA | המשכן the Mishkan | המזבח the Mizbe'aḥ | the moon | the Netherlands | the Pit | the Rainbow | the second month | השואה the Shoah | the Throne | theophany | Third Reich | Thursday | tithing | תחינות tkhines | Tobit | תוכחות tokheḥot | tombstones | Torah as intercessor | traditional egalitarian | trave | travel by water | traveler | Trees | trepidation | Tribe of Dan | צער באלי חיים tsa'ar baalei ḥayyim | Tsar Alexander II | Tsar Nicholas II | צדקה tsedaqah | צור משלו Tsur Mishelo | Tuesday | Tunisia | Twins | Uganda | Ugaritic translation | ונתנה תקף unetaneh toqef | United States | Universal Peace | universalist | universalist prayers | Uriel | אושפיזתא Ushpizata | אושפיזין ushpizin | ובמקהלות uvMaqhalot | Valyrian translation | ויברך דויד Vayivarekh David | vengeance | via negativa | וידוי vidui | וידוים viduyim | Vilna | waking | walled cities | watchfulness | weaning | wedding blessings | Wednesday | Western 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יַֽיִן טוֹב | Yayin Tov Ratov (Good Fresh Wine) — a love-song piyyut for Shavu’ot in nusaḥ Algiers

Contributed by: Unknown, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

A piyyuṭ sung by the Jews of Algiers on Shavu’ot and Simḥat Torah (and by some Moroccans for baqashot on Parashat Toldot). Yayin Tov Ratov is a love song from the perspective of God that uses a lot of language from Song of Songs. Wine and song, in this case, are both metaphors for the Torah. Of unknown origin, the acrostic spells out the name יצחק, although I can confirm that it wasn’t me who wrote it. . . .


קמע לשמירה מפני לילית | Apotropaic ward for the protection of pregnant women and infants against Lilith & her minions (CUL MS General 194, Montgomery 1913 Amulet No. 42)

Contributed by: James Alan Montgomery (translation), Richard Gottheil (transcription), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

An apotropaic ward for the protection of women in their pregnancy and of infant children against an attack from Lilith and her minions, containing the story witnessing her oath to the prophet, Eliyahu along with one variation of her many names. . . .


כֹּל נְדָרִים | Kol N’darim, translated by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Unknown

The Italian Jewish community is one of the oldest continuous Jewish communities on the planet, dating back to the Roman empire at the latest.The Italian Jewish nusaḥ preserves several archaic practices that Ashkenazi and Sephardi rites no longer follow, many of which were found in gaonic siddurim and preserved only among the Italians. One fascinating custom of the Italian Jews is the recitation of what Ashkenazim and Sephardim call “Kol Nidrei” not in Aramaic, but in Hebrew, under the name “Kol N’darim.” This custom, also found among the Romaniotes of Greece, is elsewhere only found in the siddur of Rav Amram Gaon. The text included here is transcribed, niqqud and all, directly from a 1469 Italian-rite siddur found in the British Library. The scribe uses several non-standard vocalizations, which have been marked in editors’ notes. . . .


אוֹדֶה אֵל שַדַּי | Odeh El Shaddai, a pizmon for Shabbat Shirah

Contributed by: Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation), Unknown

This is a pizmon for Shabbat Shirah (Parashat B’Shalaḥ) by an unknown author. The text is as transcribed from the pizmonim included in the siddur משמרת הקדש: קול שומר שבת Mishmeret haQodesh: Qol Shomer Shabbat (Pisa 1821), p. 117. . . .


המן ממזר איל מאלו | Haman Mamzer el Malo (Haman the Evil Bastard) — a Haketía (Western Judeo-Spanish) song for Purim

Contributed by: Unknown, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

This somewhat crude Purim song is sung in many variants in the Moroccan and Gibraltar Sephardic communities, often to the tune of the popular Purim hymn “Akh Ze Hayom Kiviti.” . . .


אָנָּא בְּכֹחַ | Ana b’Khoaḥ, a 42 letter name piyyut with a singing translation by Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi

Contributed by: Zalman Schachter-Shalomi (translation), Unknown

The most well-known 42 letter divine name acrostic piyyut. . . .


פָּתַח אֵלִיָּֽהוּ | Pataḥ Eliyahu (Tiqqunei Zohar 17a), translated by Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi

Contributed by: Zalman Schachter-Shalomi (translation), Unknown

Elijah began saying: Lord of the worlds You Who are One and not just a number You are the highest of the highest most hidden of the undisclosed no thought scheme grasps You at all. . . .


צוּר מִשֶּׁלּוֹ אָכַֽלְנוּ | Tsur Mishelo Akhalnu, a paraliturgical Birkat haMazon (translation by Sara-Kinneret Lapidot)

Contributed by: Sara Lapidot (translation), Unknown

The piyyut, Tsur Mishelo, in Hebrew with an English translation. . . .


צוּר מִשֶּׁלּוֹ אָכַֽלְנוּ | Tsur Mishelo Akhalnu, a paraliturgical Birkat haMazon (translation by Nina Salaman 1914)

Contributed by: Nina Davis Salaman (translation), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

The paralitugical Birkat haMazon Tsur Mishelo, in Hebrew with an English translation. . . .


💬 מְגִילַּת יְהוּדִית לְאָמְרָהּ בַּחֲנֻכָּה | Megillat Yehudit, the Medieval Scroll of Judith to be said on Ḥanukkah

Contributed by: Susan Weingarten (translation), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Moshe Shmi'el Dascola, Unknown

This is a faithful transcription of the text of the medieval Megillat Yehudith (the Scroll of Judith), not to be confused with the deutero-canonical Book of Judith, authored in Antiquity. We have further set this text side-by-side with the English translation made by Susan Weingarten, and vocalized and cantillated the Hebrew so that it may be chanted. . . .


צוּר מִשֶּׁלּוֹ אָכַֽלְנוּ | Tsur Mishelo Akhalnu, a paraliturgical Birkat haMazon (rhymed translation by Alice Lucas, 1898)

Contributed by: Alice Lucas (translation), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

A rhymed translation of Tsur Mishelo, a paralitugical Birkat haMazon. . . .


אֱלֹהִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל | Elohim b’Yisrael :: A piyyut containing the 42 Letter Name, recorded in Sefer haPeliah

Contributed by: Nir Krakauer (translation), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (translation)

The earliest recorded prayer or piyyut providing an acrostic for the 42 letter divine name. . . .


אַדִירְיַרוֹן בַהִירְיַרוֹן | Adiryaron Ḅahiryaron, a litany of angelic names associated with the 42 letter name, recorded in Sefer haQanah

Contributed by: Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

A litany of angelic names recorded in Sefer HaQanah, whose initial letters spells out the 42 letter divine name as also found in Sefer haPeliah. . . .


אַדִירְיַרוֹן בַהִירְיַרוֹן | Adiryaron Ḅahiryaron, a litany of angelic names associated with the 42 letter name, recorded in Sefer haPeliah

Contributed by: Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

A litany of angelic names recorded in Sefer haPeliah whose initial letters spells out the 42 letter divine name as also found (in variation) in Sefer HaQanah. . . .


בְּנדּיגֿ טוּ שַנט…קִי פִֿיש מִי פְינַה | Blessed are you…who made me a woman, a variation of the morning blessing for Jewish women in Judeo-Provençal (ca. 14-15th c.)

Contributed by: Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription)

From the Morning Blessings (Birkhot ha-Shaḥar) of the Seder tefilot be-targum le-Shuʾadit [סדר תפילות בתרגום לשואדית], a translation of the Siddur into Judaeo-Provençal dating from the 14th-15th century providing the following blessing for women. . . .


Gaudeamus Igitur | אָז עוֹדֶֽנּוּ צְעִירִים | Az Odenu Tse’irim (So, let us rejoice), a Hebrew translation by Isaac Gantwerk Mayer of De Brevitate Vitæ (1287)

Contributed by: Christopher S. Morrissey (translation), Unknown, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

An original Hebrew translation of the popular medieval commercium song and graduation anthem “De Brevitate Vitæ,” more commonly known as “Gaudeamus Igitur.” First attested in 1287, this Latin poem is irrevocably associated with college life for academics all over the world. It has been translated into many languages, and this Hebrew edition can be added to the list. . . .


אֱלֹהַי נְשָׁמָה (נוסח אנגליה) | Elohai Neshamah, the complete daily vidui as found in the Ets Ḥayyim of Jacob Jehudah Ḥazzan on London (1287)

Contributed by: Aharon N. Varady (translation), Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Israel Brodie, Yaakov ben Yehudah Ḥazzan of London, Unknown

This is the remarkable and unique form of the prayer Elohai Neshamah as found in the Ets Ḥayyim, a compendium of law and tradition of the Jews of England completed in 1287 by Jacob Jehudah Ḥazzan of London (only three years before the expulsion of the Jews from England). . . .


בְּרִיךְ שְׁמֵהּ דְּמָרֵא עָלְמָא | B’rikh Shmeih d’Marei Alma (Bendito sea Tu nombre, Senyor del Mundo), Ladino translation from the siddur El Nuevo Avodat haShanah (1904)

Contributed by: Yaaqov Mosheh Ḥai Altarats (translation), Unknown, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

A Ladino translation of Brikh Shmei d’Marei Alma. . . .


אַדִּיר בִּמְלוּכָה | Adir Bimlukhah, the piyyut in its Latin translation by Johann Stephan Rittangel (1644)

Contributed by: Johann Stephan Rittangel (Latin translation), Unknown, Aharon N. Varady (transcription), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

The text of the popular piyyut “Adir Bimlukhah” (a/k/a “Ki lo na’eh”) in Hebrew, with a Latin translation. . . .


פַאטֵי אוֹנוֹרֵי אַלְבֵּיל פּוּרִים | Fate Onore al Bel Purim — a Judeo-Livornese Purim song

Contributed by: Unknown, Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (transcription & naqdanut), Isaac Gantwerk Mayer (translation)

This Purim song, popular among the Sephardic and Italki communities of Livorno, can be sung to the melody of “Akh, Zeh Hayom Kiviti.” Like a lot of Italian Purim content, a large portion of it is listing different desserts. . . .