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Sometimes the best we can do in attributing a historical work is to indicate the period and place it was written, the first prayer book it may have been printed in, or the archival collection in which the manuscript was found. We invite the public to help to attribute all works to their original composers. If you know something not mentioned in the commentary offered, please leave a comment or contact us.

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Shearith Israel | ba'alei ḥayyim | ecoḥasid | in the merit of Raḥel | in the merit of Yitsḥaq | Mäṣḥäf Ḳədus | naḥshon ben aminadav | Neḥemyah | Noaḥide covenant | Nusaḥ Anglia | Nusaḥ Ashkenaz | nusaḥ baladi | Nusaḥ Cochin | Nusaḥ Comtat Venaissin | Nusaḥ Erets Yisrael | Nusaḥ Farsi | Nusaḥ Ha-Ari z"l | Nusaḥ Italḳi | Nusaḥ Roma | Nusaḥ Romaniote | Nusaḥ Sefaradi | Nusaḥ Šingli | Nusaḥ TsaHaL | Oḥilah la'El | paraliturgical birkat haḥodesh | paraliturgical teḥinot | petiḥah | prayers of ḳabbalists | prayers of the shaliaḥ tsibbur | pre-Pesaḥ | Psalms 1 | Raḥav | Rosh Ḥodesh Elul (אֶלוּל) | 2nd century B.C.E. | 2nd century C.E. | King Charles Ⅲ | King George Ⅱ | King William Ⅳ | Psalms 2 | Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ | World War Ⅰ | World War Ⅱ | 3rd century C.E. | 5th century C.E. | אברא כדברא abra k'davra | אדון הסליחות Adon haSeliḥot | אדון עולם Adon Olam | אדיר במלוכה Adir Bimlukhah | אדיר הוא Adir Hu | אהבה רבה ahavah rabbah | אהבת ישראל loving Yisrael | אהבת עולם ahavat olam | אושפיזין ushpizin | אושפיזתא Ushpizata | אז ישיר Az Yashir | אחד מי יודע eḥad mi yode'a | אין אדיר Ayn Adir | אין כאלהינו Ein kEloheinu | אלהינו שבשמים Elohenu Shebashamayim | אלהי נשמה Elohai neshamah | אליהו הנביא Eliyahu haNavi | אלי ציון Eli Tsiyon | אל אדון el adon | אל מלא רחמים El Malé Raḥamim | אל שמר El Shemor | אל תירא al tira | אמת ויציב emet v'yatsiv | אנא בכח Ana b'Khoaḥ | ארץ ישראל Erets Yisrael | אשמנו Ashamnu | אשרי Ashrei | אשת חיל eshet ḥayil | בהמות behemot | במה מדליקין bameh madliqin | בענטשן bentshn | בקשות Baqashot | ברוך שאמר barukh she'amar | ברית brit | ברכות השחר birkhot hashaḥar | ברכות brakhot | ברכת גאל ישראל birkat ga'al yisrael | ברכת הבית birkat habayit | ברכת המזון birkat hamazon | גלגול נפשות gilgul nefashot | געולה ge'ulah (redemption) | גשם geshem | דיינו Daiyenu | האל בתעצימות ha-El b'taatsumōt | ההיכלות ויורדי המרכבה haHeikhalot v'Yordei haMerkavah | הוצאת ספר תורה Removal of the Torah from the Ark | היום תאמצנו Hayom T'amtsenu | הכל יודוך hakol yodukha | הללו־יה hallelu-yah | המזבח the Mizbe'aḥ | המקבים Maccabees | המשכן the Mishkan | הנותן תשועה haNotén Teshuah | הנני hineni | הקפה ד׳ fourth haḳafah | השואה the Shoah | השכיבנו hashkivenu | ובמקהלות uvMaqhalot | ויברך דויד Vayivarekh David | וידוים viduyim | וידוי vidui | ונתנה תקף unetaneh toqef | זמירות zemirot | זמן תשובה Zman teshuvah | חבּ״ד ḤaBaD Lubavitch | חבקוק Ḥabaquq | חג הבנות Ḥag HaBanot | חד גדיא Ḥad Gadya | חזנות ḥazzanut | חסידים ḥassidim | חסידי אשכנז Ḥasidei Ashkenaz | חצי קדיש ḥatsi ḳaddish | חתימות ḥatimot (concluding prayers) | טהרה taharah | טל tal | יובל Yovel Jubilee | יוצר אור yotser ohr | יזכור yizkor | יחוד yiḥud | יצחק Yitsḥaq | ירושלם Jerusalem | ישראל Yisrael | ישתבח Yishtabaḥ | כבוד kavod | כוונות kavvanot | כפרות kaparot | לוח lu'aḥ | למנציח Lamnatse'aḥ | למענך l'maankha | מגילת אסתר Megillat Esther | מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael | מה נאכל בסעודה הזו mah nokhal baseudah hazo | מזמור Mizmor | מי שברך mi sheberakh | מי שענה Mi She’anah | מנחה Minḥah | 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הַנּוֹתֵן תְּשׁוּעָה | Oração Pelos Governantes, translated by Artur Carlos de Barros Basto (1939)

Contributed by Artur Carlos de Barros Basto | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is the Hanoten Teshua formula of the Prayer for the Wellbeing of the Government as translated by Artur Carlos de Barros Basto in Portuguese on page 34 of his Shabbat morning prayer-pamphlet Oração Matinal de Shabbath (1939). I have set Barros Basto’s Portuguese translation side-by-side with the Hebrew text of Hanoten Teshua (the variation of the prayer corresponding to Barros Basto’s translation). . . .


A Prayer for Protection from Oppression and Persecution (CCAR 1924)

Contributed by Unknown | Central Conference of American Rabbis [CCAR] | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is an untitled prayer offered in the Evening Service for the Sabbath from the Union Prayer Book Newly Revised (CCAR 1924), pp. 68-69, as a reading between the Shema and the Amidah. As a prayer for protection it fits as a paraliturgical haskivenu, and in New York City, it makes sense in the context of the terrifying news of mass-murder, rape, and genocide being reported from Ukraine at the time. (Find Nokhem Shtif’s “פּאָגראָמען אין אוקראַיִנע : די צײַט פֿון דער פֿרײַװיליקער אַרמײ (The Pogroms in Ukraine: the Period of the Volunteer Army)” (1923) offered in Yiddish and in English translation at In Geveb.) The Ukrainian context of this prayer is further underscored in that the prayer is not found in the 1918 revised Union Prayer Book, but in the later 1924 edition. It may have been unique to Congregation Emanu-El in New York City, who compiled this version of the Union Prayer Book for radio listeners joining their service. . . .


“Coal Miners’ Prayer” (CCAR 1924)

Contributed by Unknown | Central Conference of American Rabbis [CCAR] | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This prayer by an unknown author is first found in Evening Service for the Sabbath from the Union Prayer Book (Newly Revised) (1924), p. 45. (It also appears on the same page of the 1940 edition of the “newly revised” UPB.) The prayer is included as a third variation of a Reform synagogue’s Shabbat evening service, in the Amidah before the silent meditation. Rabbi Michael Satz of Temple B’nai Or (Morristown, New Jersey) affectionately refers to it as the “Coal Miner’s Prayer.” . . .


א תְּחִנָה פאר א שׂטיףּ מוטער | A Tkhine for a Stepmother (from Shas Tkhine Ḥadashah, 1922)

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is a faithful transcription of the א תְּחִנָה פאר א שטיף מוטער (“A Tkhine for a Stepmother”) which first appeared in ש״ס תחנה חדשה (Shas Tkhine Ḥadasha), a collection of tkhines published by Ben-Zion Alfes in Vilna, 1922. . . .


אֵשֶׁת חַיִל | Eshet Ḥayil (Proverbs 31:10-31), German translation by Franz Rosenzweig (1921)

Contributed by Franz Rosenzweig (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The Masoretic Hebrew text of Proverbs 30:10-31, the alphabetic acrostic “Eshet Ḥayil,” with a German translation by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .


שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם | Shalom Aleikhem, the piyyut for Friday evenings in German translation by Franz Rosenzweig (1921)

Contributed by Franz Rosenzweig (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The popular adjuration of the angels of peace and ministering angels, Shalom Aleikhem, in Hebrew with a German translation by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .


קדיש דרבנן | Das Lernkaddisch, a translation of the Ḳaddish d’Rabanan in German by Franz Rosenzweig (1921)

Contributed by Franz Rosenzweig (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The Ḳaddish d’Rabbanan in Aramaic with its German translation by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .


צער בעלי־חיים | Tsaar Baalei Ḥayyim [It is forbidden to cause] suffering to a living creature, a song in Yiddish

Contributed by Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tsaar Balei Ḥayyim” ([It is forbidden to cause] suffering to a living creature), source unknown. Many thanks to Tiferet Zimmern-Kahan for recording the niggun for the song and to Naftali Ejdelman and The Jewish Daily Forward for providing the lyrics. . . .


📖 ברכת המזון (אשכנז) | Der Tischdank, a translation of the Birkat haMazon in German by Franz Rosenzweig (1920)

Contributed by Franz Rosenzweig (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A German translation of the Birkat haMazon prepared by Franz Rosenzweig. . . .


תְּחִנָה קַבָּלַת עוֺל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם | Tkhine [for Women] Receiving the Yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven (1916)

Contributed by Refoyl Finkl (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

The author of this tkhine intended for women to begin their morning devotional reading of prayers by first accepting patriarchal dominion. Women compensate for their inherent weakness and gain their honor only through the established gender roles assigned to them. The placement of this tkhine at the beginning of the Shas Tkhine Rav Peninim, a popular collection of women’s tkhines published in 1916 (during the ascent of women’s suffrage in the U.S.), suggests that it was written as a prescriptive polemic to influence pious Jewish women to reject advancing feminist ideas. . . .


דיא װײבּער װאס האבּין אײן שׁװערין מזל צו קינדר זאלין דיא תחנה זאגין | Women who Have Bad Luck with Children Should Recite this Tkhine (1910)

Contributed by Baruch Jean Thaler (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Women who Have Bad Luck with Children Should Recite this Tkhine” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Rokhel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. If you can translate Yiddish, please help to translate it and share your translation with an Open Content license through this project. . . .


תחנה פון ליכט בענטשין | Tkhine for Lighting Candles [for Shabbes]

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is a faithful transcription of the תחנה פון ליכט בענטשין (“Tkhine for Lighting Candles [for Shabbes]”) as it appeared in the Vilna, 1869 edition. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. If you can scan an image of the page from the 1869 edition this was originally copied from, please share your scan with us. . . .


תחנה פון אײן שװאנגער אשה זאל ניט מפיל זיין | Tkhine for a Pregnant Woman that She Not Miscarry (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman that she not suffer a miscarriage. . . .


תְּחִנָּה מִגְדַּל הַשֵּׁן | Tkhine for a Baby’s First Tooth

Contributed by Norman Tarnor (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

This is a faithful transcription of the תְּחִנָּה מִגְדַּל הַשֵּׁן (“Tkhine for a Baby’s First Tooth”) which first appeared in ש״ס תחנה חדשה (Shas Tkhine Ḥaḥadasha), a collection of tkhines published by Ben-Zion Alfes in Vilna, 1922. . . .


תחנה פאר אײן אִשָׁה װאָס דארף האָבּין אײַן קינד | Tkhine for a Woman who is about to Have a Child (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman whose childbirth is immanent. . . .


א תחנה פאר א אשה מעוברת אז זיא גײט צו קינד | Tkhine for a Pregnant Woman when She is about to Give Birth (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

A prayer for a pregnant woman approaching her childbirth. . . .


תחנה פאר אמוטער װאס פירט אקינד אין חדר | Tkhine for a Mother Leading their Child to Religious School (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tkine for a Mother Who Leads Her Child to Kheyder” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Raḥel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. Please offer a translation of this tkhine in the comments. . . .


א תחנה פאר א מוטער װאס פירט איהר קינד דעם ערשׁטען מאל אין חדר | Tkhine for a Mother Who Leads their Child for the First Time to Religious School (1910)

Contributed by Tracy Guren Klirs (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tkine for a Mother Who Leads Her Child to Kheyder” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Raḥel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. Please offer a translation of this tkhine in the comments. . . .


תחנה אײדער אפרויא גײט אין טבילת מצוה | Tkhine for when a Woman Goes to Immerse in the Mikve (1910)

Contributed by Baruch Jean Thaler (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“Tkhine for when a Woman Goes to Immerse in the Mikve” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the tkhine published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Raḥel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. If you can translate Yiddish, please help to translate it and share your translation with an Open Content license through this project. . . .


א תחנה פאר א כלה קודם החופה | A Tkhine for a Bride [to say] before the Khupe [wedding canopy ceremony]

Contributed by Baruch Jean Thaler (translation) | Unknown | Aharon N. Varady (transcription) |

“A Tkhine for a Kaleh before the Khupe” by an unknown author is a faithful transcription of the version published in Rokhl m’vakoh al boneho (Rokhel Weeps for her Children), Vilna, 1910. I have transcribed it without any changes from The Merit of Our Mothers בזכות אמהות A Bilingual Anthology of Jewish Women’s Prayers, compiled by Rabbi Tracy Guren Klirs, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 1992. shgiyot mi yavin, ministarot nakeni. . . .